45,214 research outputs found
Il pentagramma relazionale. Le forme vitali nella psicoterapia familiare e di coppia
No full textL’incontro tra menti nella stanza di terapia è un fenomeno ricco e complesso. Gli autori di questo libro si propongono di far emergere un nuovo modo di concepire la clinica relazionale, mettendo al centro le forme vitali, la dimensione musicale della relazione terapeutica, la ritmicità degli scambi interpersonali, la funzione generativa e dinamica del campo intersoggettivo, lo stile del terapeuta. L’obiettivo è connettere il paradigma dell’intersoggettività alle forme vitali teorizzate da Daniel Stern, concetto fecondo e innovativo nella sua trasposizione ai setting familiari e di coppia.
In questo percorso un ruolo fondamentale è affidato all’attività musicale e al canto, straordinari acceleratori degli spazi d’intersoggettività. Attraverso una riflessione sulle caratteristiche della musica più congeniali al setting psicoterapeutico, gli autori sostengono che il canto congiunto rappresenti la via regia per far emergere e trasformare le forme vitali in terapia. Si approda così al Relational Singing Model, un modello di attività musicale d’insieme nato per promuovere la relazione e la comunicazione e ora proposto nella terapia familiare. Attraverso l’illustrazione del protocollo d’intervento, comprensivo dell'analisi delle strutture musicali concretamente utilizzate, si potranno intuire in vivo le potenzialità trasformative di un approccio centrato sulle forme vitali
Come è profondo il cuore. Riflessioni incrociate su musica, e emozioni e psicoterapia
No full textDopo una parte teorica che chiamerà in causa costrutti filosofici e musicali, la parola passerà alla pratica clinica, affinché svolga alcune considerazioni sul ruolo della musica in una terapia attenta agli scambi comunicativi attraverso le forme vitali
Thyroid C-cell carcinoma in a sheep.
No full textThyroid C-cell carcinoma in sheep is a rare tumor. In one sheep, from a group of six ewes, experimentally infected eighteen months ago with an isolate Maedi/Visna virus, medullary carcinoma was delivered in the right thyroid lobe at necropsy. Neither metastases nor other neoplastic growth were seen.
Histological examens were carried out with HE, PAS-reaction and Alkaline Congo Red. The results showed a solid pattern with a connective network which apparead focally enlarged by presence of an amorphous substance. Positiveness to Congo Red staining confirmed its amyloid nature (APUD-Amyloid). Amyloid, which was not seen in previous case reported in the sheep, may be related to an abnormal production of prohormonal amino acidic sequences. Hyperplasia of C-cells was noticed in the remaining glandular tissue of both thyroid lobes.
Immunohistochemical investigations were carried out with mono and polyclonal antibodies to the following antigens: calcitonin, neuron specific enolase (yy-NSE), synapthophysin, cytokeratins, neurofilaments, thyroglobulin and vimentin. The results pointed out in neoplastic and hyperplastic cells positiveness for calcitonin, NSE, synaptophysin, cytokeratins and negativeness for neurofilaments, thyroglobulin and vimentin. Synaptophysin, as delivered in previous case (Wiedemann, 1986) apparead to be a good marker for neuroendocrine tumours
Catalytic conversion of non-food oilseeds into methyl esters : traditional and ultrasound assisted techniques
No full textIntroduction
The most recent challenge concerning the biodiesel production deals with the processing of
non-food, raw oils to make them suitable to be used as biofuels. For these oils several
standardization processes are often required. The search for high efficiency transformation
methods is therefore a key issue in this context. In this work, different kinds of non-edible
oilseeds from crops such as Brassica juncea, Nicotiana tabacum and Cartamus tinctorius have
been selected to be processed processed using traditional and ultrasound (US)-assisted methods.
Experimental
The oilseeds were deacified by free fatty acids (FFA) esterification and then wholly converted
into methyl esters (ME) by transesterification. Sulphonic ion exchange resins Amberlyst®46
(A46) and Purolite®D5081 were used as esterification catalysts. Homemade catalysts of the
kind SO4
=/TiO2-SnO2 (TiO2 loadings from 5 to 20%) and prepared by impregnation were also
tested in the esterification. Both the reactions were carried out in slurry modality using the
conditions reported in the Table 1. US experiments were performed using a tip-type sonicator at
20 kHz. ME yields were monitored through acid base titrations and GC analyses [1,2]. Software
PROII (Simsci Esscor-Invensys) was used to perform process simulations.
Results/Discussion
FFA conversions close to 90% were achieved for all the oils deacidified on A46 and D5081, as
already observed by the authors for other kinds of feedstock [3]. These catalysts were recycled
for several times showing practically no deactivation This stable behaviour is due their
peculiarity of being sulphonated only the external surface. This confers absence to mass
transfer limitations and minimization of side products formation [4]. For these catalysts, a
kinetic pseudohomogenous model [5] was used as for comparison with the experimental data: a
very good correlation for different kinds of oils characterized by different initial acidities was
achieved. This represent an important results for the esterification process scalability.
The catalysts of composition SO4
=/TiO2-SnO2 resulted in less satisfactory performances than
the ones obtained with the ion exchange resins. Moreover, they deactivated after few uses,
probably due to the leaching of the active sulphate groups [6].
In Table 1 the results of both the esterification and transesterification reactions are displayed for
traditional and US-assisted methods.
Table 1. Conversion of an acid rapeseed oil: operative conditions and achieved results.
Esterification catalyst: D5081, transesterification catalyst: NaOCH3.
Reaction Method T (K) MeOH:Oil
(%wt)
Cat:Oil
(%wt)
Time
(min)
Conv. to
ME (%)
Est. Traditional 313a
338b
16:100 10:100 360 52.8a
71.2b
US 313a
338b
16:100 10:100 360 77.3a
76.1b
Trans. Traditional
(2 steps)
333step1
333step2
20:100step1
5:100step2
1:100step1
0.5:100step2
90 step1
60step2
96.9
US (1 step) 293 20:100 1:100 30 86.6
The use of US allows to achieve higher ME conversions in the esterification at lower
temperatures and in the transesterification. In the latter case shorter times and lower amount of
reagents are required.
For the different oils it was in general observed that the positive effect of US is more
pronounced at lower temperatures, whereas at higher temperatures it does not seems to bring
any advantage with respect to the traditional method. This suggests that at lower temperatures
the acoustic cavitation effects are enhanced: it has in fact already been reported the existence of
an optimum temperature for the occurrence of the acoustic cavitation in different reactive
systems, oilseeds included [7]. In the US-promoted FFA esterification, these effects may be
described in terms of the mechanical events enabled by the US waves inside the liquid reaction
medium and in particular in the proximity of the catalyst’s surface. In the case of the
homogeneously catalyzed transesterification, the high reactivity observed with the use of US
may be ascribable to the effects caused by the acoustic cavitation in an homogenous medium,
which generates very high local temperatures and pressures [8].
References
1. C. L. Bianchi, D. C. Boffito, C. Pirola, S. Vitali, G. Carvoli., D. Barnabè and A. Rispoli,
Biodiesel/Book 1. ISBN 978-953-307-713-0, 2011.
2. C. Pirola, D. C. Boffito, G. Carvoli, A. Di Fronzo, V. Ragaini and C. L. Bianchi,
Soybean/Book 2, ISBN 978-953-307-533-4, 2011.
3. C. L. Bianchi, C. Pirola, D. C. Boffito and V. Ragaini, Catal. Lett.., 134, 179 (2010)
4. C. Pirola, C. L. Bianchi, D. C. Boffito, G. Carvoli and V. Ragaini, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49,
4601 (2010)
5. T. Pöpken, T. Götze and J. Gmehling, Ind. Eng. Chem, Res., 39, 2601 (2000)
6. D. C. Boffito, C. Pirola, and C. L. Bianchi, Chem. Today., 30, 42 (2012)
7. H. Lu, Y. Liu, H. Zhou, Y. Yang, M. Chen, B. Liang, Comput. Chem. Eng., 33, 1091 (2009)
8. K. S. Suslick, Science, 247, 1439 (1990
Sintonie e dissintonie familiari. Psicoterapia sistemica e canto congiunto
No full textIl Relational Singing Model (RSM) è un modello di intervento musicale di gruppo volto a stimolare le potenzialità di comunicazione e condivisione emotiva , che nell’incontro con la terapia familiare sistemica – soprattutto quella con matrice intersoggettiva sviluppata nell’I- stituto di Medicina e Psicologia Sistemica (IMePS) − ha portato all’elaborazione di un protocollo di intervento breve con famiglie con bambini (dai 4 ai 12 anni) basato sul canto congiunto. Nell’intrecciare e “contaminare” questi due modelli gli autori si sono ritrovati a ragionare sulle potenziatà della “mente musicale” di favorire la creazione di spazi di intersoggettività, animare e trasformare le forme vitali
Let’s do school, let’s make room! Operational reflections on the relationship between architecture and pedagogy
No full textDaily intake of macro and trace elements in the diet. 4. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium
No full textTo complete the picture of the daily dietary intake of minerals, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium have now been considered. The study has been carried out in the Italian Marches Region after carefully evaluating the food consumption habits of the population. The foodstuffs comprising the 70 diets examined were collected in institutional canteens and private homes immediately prior to meals. The food was sampled ready for consumption as it had thus undergone the various preparation and cooking procedures, during which considerable changes in mineral content occur. In comparison with the various food consumption standards, the amount of sodium found appears excessively high (4.8 g/d) whereas that of magnesium is insufficient (0.24 g/d). A high sodium intake, and more recently a high Na/K ratio, have been associated with hypertension. Also a lack of magnesium and a high Ca/Mg ratio have repeatedly been associated with hypertension risk. The data to emerge from our study: a high sodium intake, an insufficiency of magnesium, and thus high Na/K and Ca/Mg ratios, would appear likely to enhance cardiovascular disease risk. Even though not all Authors agree on the existence of such correlations, a more correct diet as regards mineral intake is undoubtedly something to encourage
Evolution of the G+C content frontier in the rat cytomegalovirus genome
No full textWithin the 230138 bp of the rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) genome, the G+C content changes abruptly at position 142644, constituting a G+C content frontier. To the left of this point, overall G+C content is 69.2%, and to the right it is only 47.6%. A region of extremely low G+C content (33.8%) is found in the 5 kb immediately to the right of the frontier, in which there are no predicted coding sequences. To the right of position 147501, the G+C content rises and predicted coding sequences reappear. However, these genes are much shorter (average 848bp, 50% G+C) than those in the left two-thirds of the genome (average 1462bp, 70% G+C). Whole genome alignment of several viruses indicates that the initial ultra-low G+C region appeared in the common ancestor of the genera Cytomegalovirus and Muromegalovirus, and that the lowering of G+C in the right third has been a subsequent process in the lineage leading to RCMV. The left two-thirds of RCMV has stop codon occurrences at 67.5% of their expected level, based on a modified Markov chain model of stop codon distribution, and the corresponding figure for the right third is 78%. Therefore, despite heavy mutation pressure, selective constraint has operated in the right third of the RCMV genome to maintain a degree of gene length unusual for such low G+C sequences
- …
