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Gas e biogas to liquid: la soluzione a medio termine per i consumi energetici per i trasporti
No full textVapor-liquid equilibria in the low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
Full text linkThe design and the performances of reactors for the low-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis may be strongly affected by the presence of a liquid phase creating a boundary layer around the catalyst pellets and filling their pores. Accordingly, it is of the utmost importance to be able to compute the yield of liquid products formed during the reaction. In this paper, such a problem has been faced through the joint use of a detailed mechanistic kinetic model, able to predict the product yields as a function of the process conditions, and of a nonideal isothermal and isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium calculation. It has been found that when a representative cobalt-based catalyst is operated at the typical low-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process conditions, more than 99 mol % of the hydrocarbon products are in the vapor phase. In particular, C20– species are almost entirely vapor, C31+ species are almost entirely liquid, while C21–C30 species are split between the two phases. The precise prediction of the yield of each reaction product has been found a key-requirement to grant an accurate description of the phase equilibria within Fischer–Tropsch reactors
Calculating the products yield and their vapor-liquid equilibrium in the low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
No full textThe ultimate goal of this paper is the assessment of the yield of liquid hydrocarbons formed in the low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over a representative cobalt-based catalyst at relevant process conditions. To achieve this goal, a set of steady-state Fischer-Tropsch runs has been carried out in a lab-scale reactor loaded with a 20 wt.% Co/Al2O3 catalyst, investigating the effects of the main process conditions (temperature, H 2/CO inlet ratio, content of inert gas in the feed, syngas space velocity) on the reactants conversion and on the C1-C50 product selectivity. Then, a CO conversion kinetic model and a product distribution model have been developed and have been jointly adopted to describe the product yields in the reactor as a function of the process conditions. Product yields have been finally used as input for an isothermal and isobaric non-ideal vapor-liquid equilibrium calculation. It has been found that, at the typical low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process conditions, more than 95 mol.% of the C1-C30 hydrocarbons, that in general represent more than 99 mol.% of the hydrocarbon products, are in the vapor phase
Development and validation of an integrated model for the description the products yield and their vapour/liquid repartition in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
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Highly conductive "packed foams" for the intensification of strongly endo- and exo-thermic catalytic processes
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