1,721,183 research outputs found
Analisi della mortalità per gruppi di popolazione migrati all’interno del paese. Tumori dell’apparato digerente
No full textThis paper analyzes mortality of digestive system cancers in Italy during the years 1981-84 by groups of people migrated inside the country. Individuals born and died in the same region are defined as "stables". "Migrants" indicate individuals for which the region of birth differ from that of residence. Mortality for cancers of oral cavity and pharynx, and of the oesophagus, shows a negative effect of being born in the high risk regions of the north-east and a protective effect of being born in the low mortality regions of the south. Leaving high risk areas brings a positive effect, while to settle there makes mortality getting worse. For stomach cancer, the birth effect is very strong: in this first generation of migrants mortality rates are very similar to those of the stable in the birth areas. A strong migration effect is observed for colorectal cancer mortality: age specific mortality rates in migrants fit well those of host stable population. Liver cancer mortality of migrants from high risk areas approaches the one of the host population. Pancreatic cancer mortality shows a protective effect of being born in the south and a negative effect of residing in the northern high mortality area
Analisi della mortalità in relazione ad alcuni fenomeni demografici: migrazioni e stato civile. Epidemiologia dei tumori dell'apparato respiratorio in Italia
No full textThis paper analyzes the mortality of major respiratory cancers, certified in Italy in the years 1981-84, by two demographic phenomena: migration and civil status. Direct standardized rates were computed using the total population as reference; a partial analysis of mortality by all causes was also performed. Because of the industrial development in some areas of Italy, great migrations took place in the past within the country, with specific and well known geographic and time patterns. This paper mainly considers migrations towards the industrialized regions of the north-west both from the north-east, occurring between the two world wars, and from the south regions, occurring from the fifties to the seventies. Various studies have shown that cancer mortality decreases with the geographic latitude of the area studied, and that there is a protective effect associated with being born in the southern part of the country. Italian regions were grouped into five areas: north-west, north-east, north-central, south-central and south. Individuals born in the same area of the last residence were defined as "stable", while "migrant" indicates that the area of birth differed from the last residence; for "internal migrant" both regions of birth and last residence are in the same area. For migrants to the north-west, rates by age are reported. For larynx cancer, only mortality of males is discussed. Our study's results confirm that lung cancer mortality is always higher for migrants than it is for stables from the same birth area. Immigrants also show higher rates of lung cancer mortality than the stables in the host areas. The rate ratio of emigrants versus stables in the birth area increases towards the south. The increasing protective role of birth area with decreasing latitude is confirmed for both stables and immigrants. Subjects in the north-west who emigrated from the north-east show age-specific mortality rates higher than stables, both in host and birth areas. Immigrants from southern areas show rates equal to the stables of the host area with increasing age. Results for lung cancer mortality suggest that migrants differed from the stables in socio-economic characteristics not only in the birth areas but also in the host regions. For larynx cancer, migrants and stables show similar rates. Mortality rates for internal migrants and stables decrease with latitude; the protective role of birth area in immigrants is less evident
Analisi della mortalità per stato civile. Tumori dell’apparato digerente
No full textMortality data for the years 1981-1984 have been analyzed by marital status, sex and residence area. Results show high levels of mortality in widowers and widows, especially in areas with high mortality risks. In stomach cancer the widowers/widows mortality excess, compared to married and unmarried, is constant all over the country and does not change in the areas with high levels of mortality. Also for liver cancer mortality the widows show, everywhere, a constant excess compared to unmarried women. Widowers and unmarried men, if resident in north-west, show similar rates; while mortality levels for unmarried men approach those of married ones as the latitude of residence areas decreases and in the south they are equal. Mortality by ages confirms differences by marital status and shows, for many sites, larger variation in the age classes younger than 65-69 years
Effetti a breve termine prodotti dall’esposizione ad inquinamento atmosferico urbano sulla salute umana in Europa. I progetti APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach)
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Modelling trend in break-point estimation: an assessment of the heat tolerance and temperature effects in four Italian cities
No full textThis paper deals with detecting trend in break-point estimation when some segmented relationship is met in each sub-sample of data. Based on iterative fitting of linear model, the procedure does not depend on the type of the response variable and always reaches the solution in deterministic model. Here the method is applied in mortality time series data to model the heat-tolerance with respect to local temperature in four Italian cities. In order to take into account possible different heterogeneity in each town, an Extend Quasi Likelihood approach is used, allowing joint modelling of mean and dispersion
The effect of birthplace on heat tolerance and mortality in Italy 1980’-89
No full textIntroduction: The temperature2mortality relationship follows a well known ‘J V shape’ pattern with mortality excesses at cold and hot temperatures, while the value of minimum mortality temperature (MMT) is used as a proxy of population heat tolerance. As MMT is higher for people living in warmer places, it has been argued that populations will adapt to temperature changes. Objective: To test this notion by taking advantage of a huge migratory flux that occurred in Italy during the 1950s, when large numbers of unemployed from the south moved to the industrialising north-western regions. We analysed, through an ecological study, the mortality2 temperature relationships among residents of Milan (Lombardy) who died between 1980 and 1989, by groups identified by birthplace. We also analysed mortality among Sicilian born residents of Palermo (Sicily). Methods: Log linear models were used to fit daily death count data as a function of different explanatory variables: months, weekdays, holiday, influenza epidemics, temperature, and relative humidity. Results: The pattern of mortality2temperature curves differed by birthplace. Curves for natives of Lombardy showed two breakpoints at 19 ̊C (MMT) and 26 ̊C, with no risk for temperatures between two breakpoints: mortality rose sharply over 26 ̊C. For natives of Sicily, residing either in Milan or in Palermo, only one breakpoint emerged at 23 ̊C (MMT), and they shared the same curve pattern and the same increase in mortality risks over this value. Conclusions: Results suggest that heat tolerance in populations could be modulated by outdoor temperatures experienced early in life, and complete acclimatisation may not occur if external environmental temperatures increase
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