1,720,979 research outputs found
Protein quality and quantity in infant formulas: A critical look
No full textThe ideal quantity and quality of dietary proteins in milk formulas employed for infant nutrition is still a matter of controversy and debate. During the last years, there has been a tendency to lower the protein content in response to new estimations of protein requirements based on protein intakes and growth rates of breastfed infants. In most infant formulas the protein content is in the range of 1.4-1.8 g/100 ml. The lower limit of this range appears to be adequate for the growth and metabolic needs of the healthy infant. The safety of a further reduction of this limit to 1.2 g/100 ml (~1.8 g/100 kcal), which has been recently proposed, needs additional scrutiny and observation. In addition, the real benefits of this choice have still to be proven. Adjustments for protein digestibility and quality have recently been introduced. The removal from the whey protein fraction of the glycomacropeptide (GMP), with a consequent reduction of excessive threonine intakes, is a novel approach and a further step in the development of infant formulas closer to the model of human milk
LE ALLERGIE ALIMENTARI NELLA PRIMA INFANZIA - 1 CONCETTI GENERALI, EZIOPATOGENESI E PRINCIPALI QUADRI CLINICI Food allergies in early childhood. 1. General concepts, etiopathogenesis, and main clinical features
No full textAbnormal immune reactions to food antigens are a rather common event during infancy. Adverse reactions to milk proteins occur in 2.5% of suckling infants. Both IgE and non IgE-mediated allergic mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of food allergy. IgE mediated allergic responses are the most dramatic and the most often diagnosed types. Non IgE mediated food allergy is usually more difficult to diagnose and its clinical course is more chronic. Food induced allergic reactions mediate a variety of symptoms, involving the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract and the skin. A limited number of foods are responsible for the vast majority of allergic reactions: cow milk proteins, egg, fish and peanuts are the main causes. The vast majority of infants with formula-protein intolerance will outgrow their symptoms by the third year of age. Eliminating the food allergens is the only means of dealing with the problem. In part I of this series, immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical disorders are described
Transamidinase of Hog Kidney V Kinetic studies
No full textTransamidinase of hog kidney V kinetic studies
SQUILIBRI NUTRIZIONALI: VECCHIO E NUOVO
No full textLa dieta, intesa come l'insieme degli apporti alimentari adeguati ai fabbisogni nutrizionali di un individuo, rappresenta un elemento fondamentale per mantenere l'equilibrio biochimico dell'individuo e del suo stato di salute.
L'articolo analizza il fenomeno della malnutrizione a livello mondiale ed il problema dell'obesità nei Paesi Sviluppati. Particolare attenzione viene focalizzata sull'utilizzo diffuso e più o meno inappropriato degli integratori alimentari
Complementary feeding practices in preterm infants: An observational study in a cohort of Italian infants
No full textBACKGROUND: There are no evidence-based guidelines for weaning preterm infants, and the timing of weaning and the diet offered tend to reflect tradition and marketing rather than medical advice.
PROCEDURES: In a survey of complementary feeding practices in preterm infants conducted at the University Hospital of Ferrara, Italy, we evaluated the effect of sex, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and milk feeding, and of the mother's age, education, and professional status, on weaning.
RESULTS: Complete data were available for 156 infants. Solid food was introduced, on average, 22.2 weeks after birth and 15.1 weeks after term; 6.5% of infants (considering chronological age) and 60.9% (considering corrected age) were weaned before 4 months; 18% of infants weighed <5 kg at weaning (most had low GA and BW). Among maternal factors, only age significantly influenced the weaning schedule. Milk feeding did not affect initiation of weaning; however, formula-fed infants, most of whom had lower GA and BW, were lighter and younger (from term) than were their counterparts. The first solid food was mashed fruit in 46.8% of cases. Meat and gluten were offered 5 and 7 weeks (average) after the initiation of weaning.
CONCLUSIONS: A matter of concern emerging from our study is that in almost 50% of cases, the first solid food offered to infants is low in energy density, and its protein, iron, and zinc content is negligible. It is evident that despite the lack of a general consensus, mothers of preterm babies should receive customized instructions from family pediatricians and health caregivers about weaning
IL DIVEZZAMENTO NEL PREMATURO
No full textUno dei cardini dell'assistenza ai neonati di peso molto basso è rappresentata dall'apporto ottimale dei nutrienti capaci di coprire le complesse esigenze di questa categoria di pazienti. Questi neonati accumulano, generalmente, durante il ricovero un progressivo debito auxologico, per cui gran parte di essi viene dimessa con un peso al di sotto del 10°P per l'età corretta. Per minimizzare questo deficit staturo-ponderale è necessario istituire regimi dietetici nutrizionalmente adeguati, sia durante che dopo il ricovero. La tipologia e la cronologia degli alimenti solidi riveste un ruolo di primaria importanza, in associazione a formule lattee specifiche, per sostenere un'adeguata crescita di recupero
Transamidinase of Hog kidney IV Effect of dinitrophenylation
No full textTransamidinase of hog kidney IV effect of dinitrophenylation
Transamidinase of hog kidney VI Effects of the modification of cysteine residues on the catalytic activity
No full textThe modification of one cysteine residue of transamidinase by reaction with 5,5′‐dithiobis‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid alters the catalytic properties of the enzyme. The Michaelis constant of transamidinase for arginine is increased and the capacity to utilize glycine and hydroxylamine as amidine acceptors is lost. Arginine, the amidine donor substrate, protects the cysteine residue and prevents the changes in catalytic activity induced by the treatment with 5,5′‐dithiobis‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid. Copyright © 1967, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserve
Transamidinase of Hog Kidney III Effect of bicarbonate on the enzyme-amidine complex
No full textTransamidinase of ho kidney III effect of bicarbonate on the transamidinase-amidine complex
Transamidinase of hog kidney II. Isolation of a stable enzyme-amidine complex
No full textNo abstract availabl
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