1,721,048 research outputs found
Predictors of Interest in Sexual and Sentimental Relationships among Gay Males: Attachment, Sex Drive, Attitudes toward Sex and Internalized Homophobia
No full textLittle is known of the factors that influence an individual’s interest in stable relationships. The drive to have support in child care is one, as evidenced by evolutionary theory, but that does not explain the formation of stable homosexual relationships, in which there is no risk of pregnancy from casual sex. Surveys were administered to 177 gay males to understand this phenomenon. Anxious attachment style and base sex drive were found to be the strongest predictors of, respectively, interest in uncommitted sex and interest in (stable) sentimental relationships. Avoidant attachment, sexual attitudes, and internalized homophobia also have an influence on the type of relationship sought. Interestingly, interest in sentimental relationships and interest in uncommitted sex appear not to be correlated
Exploring Diener’s Multidimensional Conceptualization of Well-Being Through Network Psychometrics
No full textPrevious research has addressed the study of the well-being structure focusing on the separability among hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions by means of latent variable approaches. Diener’s tripartite model of Subjective Well-Being has often been identified with hedonic well-being, while flourishing (i.e., positive functioning) has been classified as a proxy for eudaimonic well-being. Instead of pursuing a theory-driven approach, the structure of well-being dimensions can be retrieved by means of network psychometrics that is a highly informative, data-driven approach that allows the model structure to spontaneously emerge from the relationships among indicators. Furthermore, we propose a strength centrality decomposition that is able to summarize the influence of a specific indicator within its dimension and between the other dimensions. Contrary to the theoretical conjecture that the separability among well-being dimensions can be grounded on a hedonic and eudaimonic distinction, our results point to a categorization of the Diener’s well-being indicators based on the type of information they convey, that is global evaluation of life satisfaction, positive and negative affective experiences, and perceived positive functioning in life
Extended logistic models as a general solution for the method of constant stimuli
No full textIn defining the point of subjective equality using constant method, a comparison
between traditional and alternative procedures based on simple and extended logistic
models is presented (Rasch, 1960; Bock & Jones, 1968; Andrich, 1978; Masin &
Vidotto, 1984). The comparison is based upon two different experimental conditions of
stimuli presentation. The first condition (called concentricity) provides for variable
stimuli with dimensions smaller than, equal to, or greater than the standard stimulus
used for paired comparison. The second condition (called eccentricity) provides for
variable stimuli with dimensions equal to, or greater than the standard one. While the
difference in estimates of the point of subjective equality between conditions is verified,
no relevant differences between results of the procedures are found. This information
supports the use of an approach based on the rating scale model. An example of the
advantages of the application of this procedure is shown by a data-set derived from an
experiment where a forced choice method with three alternatives was used.
The main advantage of this solution compared to traditional psychophysical techniques
is not related to better estimates of point of subjective equality. The improvement can
be summarized in the available fit tests to verify the accord between the model and data
both for stimuli and persons
Atmosfera morale e giudizio del comportamento antisportivo nel calcio femminile: relazione tra variabili morali e motivazionali
No full textSTRUTTURE DISCRETE E MISURAZIONE IN PSICOLOGIA: UN'INTRODUZIONE
No full textAmbivalente, per certi versi contraddittorio, sembra essere il
rapporto tra il campo delle scienze psicologiche e l'ambito del
sapere matematico, generalmente inteso.
Per quanto riguarda la scienza costituita, e la ricerca scientifica
in atto, si può constatare che parti significative della moderna
psicologia traggono beneficio sostanziale dall'utilizzo di metodi e
risultati provenienti da alcuni settori della matematica. Accanto
alla consolidata "psicometria", orientata prevalentemente al
problema della misurazione di caratteristiche psicologiche, e allo
sviluppo di metodi speciali per l'analisi statistica di dati da
esperimenti psicologici, si è venuta sviluppando una "psicologia
matematica", in quanto sistema articolato di teorie e modelli
formali riguardanti ambiti notevoli della fenomenologia cognitiva e
comportamentale - percezione e psicofisica, processi di scelta
individuale e collettiva, apprendimento, pensiero e linguaggio,
strutture e dinamiche sociali, eccetera. In tempi recenti è
rapidamente cresciuta, inoltre, la "modellistica computazionale"
associata a specifici oggetti della ricerca psicologica - in
particolare, quelli riguardanti i processi di conoscenza, ed i
processi di interesse neuropsicologico - e ciò attraverso un vivace
e fertile interscambio con il campo della "intelligenza
artificiale", e della scienza matematica dell'informazione nel suo
complesso.
Il presente volume prende forma dall'esperienza degli autori
nell'insegnamento universitario di psicometria e di metodologia
statistica per la ricerca psicologica, e si propone come strumento
didattico capace di confrontarsi con le difficoltà spesso incontrate dagli studenti nell'affrontare lo studio degli aspetti psicometrici che costituiscono parte essenziale della formazione professionale dello Psicologo
Modelli di Rasch e modelli di equazioni strutturali nella validazione del locus of control in ambito lavorativo.
No full textJob satisfaction, volition and reasons for choice of temporary work
No full textIn this paper, we reviewed the literature on volition and the principal studies on the reasons for choosing temporary work, which explain in more details how voluntary/involuntary status is interpreted. The description of a research, based on a sample of 1979 workers, is presented with two aims: 1. confirm a structural model that examines the effects on satisfaction of some variables, such as motivation and trust; 2. evaluate the influence of volition and reasons for choosing a temporary employment on job satisfaction. The results confirm the plausibility of the proposed structural model and show interesting results regarding the reasons for choosing temporary work. © PI-ME, Pavia 2012
Interventions for psychological health of stroke caregivers: A systematic review
Full text linkBackground: The increasing number of stroke patients (SPs) requires informal caregivers to bear a high burden of responsibilities and heavy (di)stress. Moreover, these issues could lead to the development of serious psychological problems (e.g., depressive and/or anxious) that in turn could give rise to poor health-related quality of life outcomes. However, although the value of psychological interventions has been widely recognized for SPs, the scientific literature lacks an updated synthesis of interventions addressing the psychological health of their caregivers. Aim: The aim of this review is to summarize the interventions for the psychological health of stroke caregivers and provide a resume of literature-based evidence of their efficacy. Method: A literature review from 2005 to date was conducted in three online databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria for studies were (A) English language, (B) caregivers and patients aged 18 years or above, (C) SP’s caregiver beneficiating of a specific intervention, and (D) outcome measures addressing depressive and/or anxiety symptomology, quality of life, well-being, or burden. Results: Across the selected 45 studies, substantial differences are observable in three main categories: (a) type of intervention (b) techniques, and (c) operators. Interventions’ advantages and results are discussed. Overall, studies using psychological techniques, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, coping skill-training, and problem-solving therapy, showed their usefulness and efficacy in reducing the caregivers’ depressive and anxious symptoms, and burden. Interventions led by psychologists and tailored to meet caregivers’ specific needs showed more positive outcomes. Conclusion: This review underlines the usefulness of psychological interventions aimed at reducing the psychological burden, such as anxious and depressive symptomatology, of SPs’ informal caregivers. Hence, psychological interventions for caregivers should be integrated as part of the stroke rehabilitation process to improve informal caregivers’ and patients’ quality of life and well-being
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