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Il fenomeno degli abitati fortificati di pianura dell'età del bronzo nell'Italia settentrionale a nord del Po: terramare, siti arginati e castellieri
Full text linkThis thesis is a specific development of the main project of Padua University prehistory research team: the aim of this project is to analyze social and economic transformations of Bronze Age communities in Northern Italy, with a focus on "palafitticolo-terramaricola" and north-east cultures.
The purpose of the thesis is the study of Bronze Age fortified settlements from Central Lombardy to Friuli; the provinces involved in this study are: Brescia, Mantua, Cremona, Verona, Rovigo, Padua, Vicenza, Treviso, Venice, Pordenone, Udine and Gorizia. From Middle Bronze Age 1 in these territories - similarly to the southern Po plain area - developed the settlement pattern of the "fortified village"; the development is strictly connected to the rising of the social and economic complexity of communities and, consequently, to the increased capacity of communities to modify the environment.
This work, never done before for the Northern Po plain area, consider both archaeological and paleo-environmental data, in order to understand the structural feature of fortified settlements in relation to population dynamics, territorial organization, and social and economic transformations of the communities.
The Thesis gives a framework of the problems just mentioned, linking archeological with geomorphological, paleohydrographic and - in wider terms - paleo-environmental data. Information has been stored in a database already existent but modified for the purpose of the research; then the database has been linked with a GIS. Moreover, this research uses a quantitative approach for the collection and analysis of the data set.
The thesis includes: 1) the study of each fortified site, based on the analysis of multiple kind of data: aerial photos, stratigraphy trough sections and planimetries, artifacts chronology, dispersion areas of surface materials, earth coring, thematic maps, DEM, etc.; data were collected and processed in a database and a GIS; 2) for each settlement surface, data of both perimetral structures and housing spaces were calculated and recorded; for the perimetral structures, also volumetric data were calculated; 3) for each site with enough information edited, the volume of sediments excavated to realize moats and embankments was calculated; then the man power necessary to move that volume of sediments was estimated; 4) for each site with enough information edited, the quantity of timber demanded for the construction of perimetral structures was estimated; 5) the construction techniques of the perimetral structures were formalized and described; 6) a new demographic method to estimate the number of individuals per fortified settlements was created; 7) a synthesis of evolution and development of the fortified settlements during Bronze Age was realized
CLUSTER ANALYSIS, CLASSIFICAZIONE NUMERICA E REMOTE SENSING. METODI DI ANALISI INTEGRATI APPLICATI ALLA SURVEY PRESSO SAN BASILIO DI ARIANO NEL POLESINE (RO)
No full textIl contributo illustra le potenzialità informative di una metodologia multidisciplinare adottata nella fase di post-processing dei dati di una survey intensiva effettuata nel 2018 a San Basilio di Ariano nel Polesine (RO). Da un punto di vista metodologico, in prima battuta l’aerofotointerpretazione e il trattamento dei Modelli Digitali del Terreno (DTM) sono stati integrati, allo scopo di individuare possibili feature del paesaggio antico anche in rapporto ai dati geomorfologici. Su questo fondale, elaborato come guida per le indagini sul campo, ma poi ricalibrato in fase di post-processing, sono stati processati in ambiente GIS i dati emersi dalla ricognizione. I risultati della ricerca, oltre a offrire nuovi spunti di lettura sull’evoluzione storica e sul paesaggio dell’abitato preromano – ma anche sulla frequentazione di età romana – hanno permesso di effettuare una riflessione sui metodi di campionamento dei dati nell’ambito di una survey intensiva, anche in relazione alle elaborazioni a cui gli stessi dati possono essere sottoposti. Tale riflessione si è sviluppata confrontando due possibili approcci di analisi dei dati: da un lato le analisi spaziali e dall’altro la classificazione numerica, applicate rispettivamente sfruttando la cluster analysis e la classificazione
numerica univariata. Questo confronto ha consentito sia di delineare potenzialità e limiti delle due metodologie di analisi, sia di sottolineare come i due approcci possano essere integrati
L’utilizzo della tomografia assiale computerizzata e della fotogrammetria nel microscavo dei complessi tombali: il caso della tomba 112
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Il rilievo delle superfici tramite fotogrammetria 3D: dal microscavo dei complessi tombali agli scavi in open area
Full text linkThe need for a quick methodology of 3D surface recording, sensitive to the timing of fieldwork, low cost, and suitable for both micro- and meso-contexts, has induced the writers to develop a standard procedure. It is now possible to obtain a dense x, y, z point cloud starting from the photographic coverage of a surface, respecting precise parameters of overlapping for the different photos picturing the scene, and calibrating the camera. The software used to generate the point cloud is PhotoModeler Scanner, chosen firstly for its internal module of camera calibration and correction algorithm of radial distortion, and secondly for its capacity to verify the position of the different frames and point clouds roto-translating in a known reference system. The key point of the procedure is the importing of the point cloud in a GIS environment, where a DEM is created with an interpolation algorithm. The resulting surface is in the same GIS environment of vector and raster themes documenting the excavation. The procedure was tested in two different case studies: a micro-context corresponding to Tomb 112, a cremation tomb in the Iron Age necropolis of Piovego (Padua, Italy), and a meso-context corresponding to the Late Bronze Age settlement of Gradiscje (Codroipo, Italy). In both cases, meaningful because different in scale stratigraphy and survey issues, it is clear how 3D survey and the subsequent modeling of the point cloud has been fundamental for the understanding of the archaeological record
L’utilizzo del laser scanner nel microscavo dei complessi tombali: il caso della tomba 93
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