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    Quantification of muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzymes via histochemical staining of blue native polyacrylamide gels.

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    Blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a powerful technique that enables the separation of intact multi-subunit complexes. However, positive identification of particular enzymes generally requires further separation in a second dimension on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. Histochemical staining is widely used to demonstrate enzyme activities in tissues, including oxidative phosphorylation enzymes. In this report, we demonstrate that the two techniques can be combined to quantify in situ mitochondrial enzymes, separated on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. The method gives quantitative results with human skeletal muscle as well as heart that contains higher mitochondrial numbers. Comparison of muscle from patients with oxidative phosphorylation enzyme deficiencies, such as those of two riboflavin-responsive patients, before and after vitamin treatment, gives results in agreement with those obtained by analyzing the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes in muscle homogenates

    Thermographic applications for the rapid estimation of fatigue limit

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    The AIAS group studying Energetic Methods for Experimental Analysis, MEAS, is performing round robin experimental tests for the rapid determination of fatigue limit on steels by different thermographic techniques. This work is part of the project and describes the experimental activity performed at Politecnico di Milano, based on stepwise cyclic tests. Thermograms are processed in terms of: 1) amplitude of the first order harmonic, in-phase with respect to the loading signal; 2) amplitude of the second harmonic, out-of-phase; 3) slope of the thermal signal with respect to the number of cycles. These values typically show bilinear trends, allowing to define a breakup point and a corresponding stress which is the thermographic estimation of the fatigue limit. The paper presents and discusses the results of tests with different stress ratios, i.e. fully reversed cycling with R=-1 and tensile-tensile cycling with R=0.1
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