178,925 research outputs found
Time trends in the prevalence of peanut allergy: three cohorts of children from the same geographical location in the UK.
No full textBackground: This article investigated the prevalence of peanut allergy in three cohorts of children born in the same geographical location, Isle of Wight, UK and seeks to determine whether the prevalence of peanut allergy has changed between 1994 and 2004. Methods: Three cohorts of children (age 3-4 years) born on the Isle of Wight, were assessed for peanut allergy and the outcomes compared: Cohort A: Born in 1989; reviewed at 4 years of age (n = 2181). Cohort B: Born between 1994 and 1996; reviewed between 3 and 4 years of age (n = 1273). Cohort C: Born between 2001 and 2002; reviewed at 3 years of age (n = 891). Results: Peanut sensitization increased significantly from 1.3% in Cohort A to 3.3% (P = 0.003) in Cohort B before falling back to 2.0% in Cohort C (P = 0.145). Similarly, clinical peanut allergy increased significantly from 0.5% in Cohort A to 1.4% (P = 0.023) in Cohort B, with a subsequent fall to 1.2% in Cohort C (P = 0.850). Conclusions: Our data from three cohorts of 3- to 4-year-old children born in the same geographical area shows that peanut allergy prevalence has changed over time. Peanut sensitization and reported allergy in children born in 1994-1996 increased from 1989 but seems to have stabilized or slightly decreased since the late 1990s, although not significant
The mammals of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain
No full textThis data set is a comprehensive species list for each ‘MIS assemblage’ derived from 13 sites (see Table 1 in Venter et al. 2019) of major importance for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain.
Venter, J.A., Brooke, C., Marean, C., Hervé Fritz1; Helm, C.W. (2019) Large mammals of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain showed resilience to extreme climate change but vulnerability to modern human impacts , Quaternary Science Reviews
The mammals of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain
No full textThis data set is a comprehensive species list for each ‘MIS assemblage’ derived from 13 sites (see Table 1 in Venter et al. 2019) of major importance for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain.
Venter, J.A., Brooke, C., Marean, C., Hervé Fritz1; Helm, C.W. (2019) Large mammals of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain showed resilience to extreme climate change but vulnerability to modern human impacts , Quaternary Science Reviews
Precision medicine in cow's milk allergy
No full textPURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to describe the role of precision medicine in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cow's milk allergy. RECENT FINDINGS: The development of 'omics' sciences in the field of food allergy has led to a better understanding of the allergenicity of cow's milk proteins and significant advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis and mechanisms of cow's milk allergy. Omics-based technologies allow the practitioner to better differentiate cow's milk allergy subtypes and to predict cow's milk allergy (CMA) persistence over time. Precision medicine extends the role of the oral food challenge, to determine the individual's threshold doses, and to establish tolerance to baked milk products. Other than symptom relief, dietary strategies are currently being investigated for the potential to induce tolerance. Oral immunotherapy offers a treatment option for patients with severe and persistent IgE-mediated CMA. Individual baseline-immune profiles may be predictive of cow's milk oral immunotherapy safety and efficacy.Patient data derived from current technology, in combination with the patient's history, can be translated into treatments targeted at patient-tailored interventions. SUMMARY: The identification of novel biomarkers may improve diagnostic accuracy and also predict patient responsiveness to treatments. Integration of patient data will become increasingly important as omics technologies become more widely used in the clinical setting
Dietary strategies for the prevention of asthma in children
No full textPURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes information relating to dietary intake during pregnancy, lactation and early life that may prevent childhood asthma. This review also summarizes how future studies may be improved.RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings from observational studies suggest that eating according to certain dietary patterns during pregnancy, such as the dietary inflammatory index, Mediterranean diet and Maternal diet index, may reduce asthma and or wheeze in the child. Vitamin D supplementation with higher doses than recommended during pregnancy may be associated with reduced early transient childhood wheezing in the offspring. Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in breast milk may be protective against childhood asthma. Breastfeeding infants has been shown to offer many benefits to mother and child but a direct relationship between breastfeeding and the development of asthma has not been established. During childhood, infants and children may need to reduce their intake of advanced glycation end products, increase their food intake according to the traditional Mediterranean diet and increase the diversity of foods eaten.SUMMARY: Current evidence provides limited suggestions regarding dietary changes for preventing early transient childhood wheezing. In order to harmonize methods for future data collection and reporting, it is important to harmonize relevant definitions and other important factors. The aim of the considerations described here is to enable a better comparison of future studies and provide better guidance to patients and families.</p
Taxonomy of Chlorocyathus (Apocynaceae: Periplocoideae)
No full textAbstractThe genus name Chlorocyathus was coined by Oliver [Oliver, D., 1887. Chlorocyathus monteiroae. Hooker, Icones plantarum 16, t. 1557 and 1591.] for a specimen collected at Maputo, Mozambique. [Brown, N.E., 1907. Raphionacme monteiroae. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (Ed.), Flora Capensis, vol. 4. Lovell Reeve and Co, London, pp. 533–534.] sunk the monotypic Chlorocyathus into Raphionacme Harv. However, new information shows that Oliver was correct in regarding Chlorocyathus as different from Raphionacme. The name Chlorocyathus is thus reinstated, and the monotypic Kappia Venter, A.P. Dold and R.L.Verh., which resembles Chlorocyathus closely, becomes a synonym of it. Chlorocyathus will therefore include two species, C. monteiroae Oliv. and C. lobulata (Venter and R.L.Verh.) Venter. Nomenclature, descriptions, distribution patterns, ecology, and a key to the two species of Chlorocyathus are provided. Chlorocyathus is, furthermore, compared with selected African genera of Periplocoideae, and a key is provided to the tuberous-rooted African periplocoid genera
The role of food hypersensitivity in different disorders
No full textIn this work, specialist dietitians Isabel Skypala and Carina Venter bring together a team of expert authors to separate fact from fiction and provide the reader with an authoritative and practical guide to diagnosing, managing and preventing food allergy and intolerance
The status of H.E.S.S. and CTA, and their role in a multiwavelength context
No full textThe High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is a world-class experiment located in Namibia and consists of an array of four 13-m telescopes which investigate the non-thermal universe in the 100 GeV to 100 TeV energy range via the Cherenkov technique. H.E.S.S. is sensitive to fluxes of a few thousandths of that of the Crab Nebula, has a wide field of view (FoV; 5°), sub-degree angular resolution (<0.1°), accurate pointing (< 1000), and good spectral resolution (10−20%). Its excellent location affords a clear view of the Galactic Centre as well as many Galactic sources. H.E.S.S. Phase II, entailing the addition of a 28-m central telescope to the existing four, is already underway. This will result in increased energy coverage (with an expected threshold of ~20 GeV), sensitivity, and angular resolution. Efforts towards the design and construction of a next-generation gamma-ray observatory called the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) are gaining momentum. This will consist of a northern and southern component, unifying the global gamma-ray astronomy community, and will boast an order-of-magnitude increase in sensitivity. The status of the Southern African site bid for hosting CTA-South is discussed. Lastly, it is important to view our knowledge of the very-high-energy (VHE) sky within the greater multiwavelength context, it being complementary to observations at lower energies (e.g., high-energy gamma rays, X-rays, optical, and radio waves). The rich opportunities created by such a synergy will bolster the continued study of some of the most violent and energetic phenomena in the Universe
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