1,721,058 research outputs found
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Life Cycle of the Mitochondrion.
Full text linkCurrently, it is known that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and tissue dysfunction and serve as molecular signals activating stress responses that are beneficial to the organism. It is also known that mitochondria, because of their capacity to produce free radicals, play a major role in tissue oxidative damage and dysfunction and provide protection against excessive tissue dysfunction through several mechanisms, including the stimulation of permeability transition pore opening. This process leads to mitoptosis and mitophagy, two sequential processes that are a universal route of elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria and is essential to protect cells from the harm due to mitochondrial disordered metabolism. To date, there is significant evidence not only that the above processes are induced by enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but also that such production is involved in the other phases of the mitochondrial life cycle. Accumulating evidence also suggests that these effects are mediated through the regulation of the expression and the activity of proteins that are engaged in processes such as genesis, fission, fusion, and removal of mitochondria. This review provides an account of the developments of the knowledge on the dynamics of the mitochondrial population, examining the mechanisms governing their genesis, life, and death, and elucidating the role played by free radicals in such processes
Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment.
No full textROS were long considered one of the key players in tissue injury. Indeed, overproduction of ROS results in oxidative stress, a process leading to the development of many pathological conditions, for the treatment of which, the use of antioxidants was proposed.
Over time, it was shown that ROS at low concentrations act as signaling molecules leading to the regulation of physiological functions. Moreover, several interventions that increase ROS generation activate stress-adaptive responses that extend the lifespan. It was also shown that excessive use of antioxidants can counter the beneficial effects of ROS.
Currently, much progress has been made in understanding the role of ROS in human diseases and aging as well as in the regulation of physiological functions, and in identifying the signaling pathways involved in ROS. However, much remains to be understood about the mutual interactions among signaling pathways underlying organism-adaptive responses, their modifications (which occur during aging), and some disease states. The aim of this special issue is underlines the effects of ROS production and antioxidant treatment in living organisms, focusing on their impact on health, diseases, and aging
Effect of thyroid state on H2O2 production by rat heart mitochondria: sites of production with Complex I- and Complex II-linked substrates.
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Effects of ischemia and reperfusion on function and susceptibility to oxidative stress of rat heart mitochondria.
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Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment 2.0
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