1,720,982 research outputs found
Obesity in adolescence: Its prevention and psycho-social aspects [Prevenzione e aspetti psico-sociali dell'obesità in età evolutiva]
No full textObesity is the most frequent nutritional disorder in adolescence and the rapid rise in its prevalence is one of the most alarming public health issue that western countries have to face nowadays. Directly associated with the rise in adolescence obesity is an increase in the prevalence of weight-related medical problems such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, obese adolescents might even be the first generation to die before their parents. Interventions that target risk factors for obesity at the individual, family and community levels are needed in order to prevent its increasing prevalence. Being adolescence not only one of the most vulnerable periods for the development of obesity but also the most important formative period in life, youth is a priority population for intervention strategies on both food behaviour and physical activity
L’ipercolesterolemia familiare: terapia farmacologica
No full textNei casi di dislipidemia d’origine genetica, spesso associati a gravi quadri di morbilità e mortalità cardio-vascolari già in giovane età, la diagnosi e il trattamento precoci risultano cruciali per prevenire o ritardare le complicanze. a dieta, povera di grassi saturi e di colesterolo, deve essere considerata il primo approccio terapeutico nei bambini di età superiore ai 2 anni con ipercolesterolemia ; essa garantisce infatti il mantenimento di un apporto nutrizionale adeguato alla crescita e al regolare sviluppo puberale. Si consiglia di limitare l’uso dei farmaci ipocolesterolemizzanti ai pazienti di età superiore ai 10 anni in cui la dieta, seppur severa, non sia efficace, soprattutto se sono presenti più fattori di rischio cardiovascolari. Ad oggi, tra tutti i farmaci ipocolesterolemizzanti, solo le resine sequestranti acidi biliari sono raccomandate nell’infanzia e nell’adolescenza. La loro scarsa palatibilità limita la compliance alla terapia in età pediatrica. Sempre maggiore è l’interesse verso le statine. Gli studi presenti in letteratura sull’efficacia e la sicurezza delle statine in pediatria danno risultati positivi, seppur condotti su casistiche limitate e prendendo in esame solo gli effetti avversi a breve termine. Recentemente un nuovo farmaco, ezetimibe, sembra efficace e sinergico all’attività terapeutica delle statine. Questa revisione si propone di segnalare le più recenti acquisizioni sulla diagnosi, la terapia e il follow-up dell’ipercolesterolemia familiare in età pediatrica
Basi genetiche ed aspetti terapeutici delle ipercolesterolemie familiari
No full textAtherosclerosis represents a disease that begins in childhood and low-density lipo-protein cholesterol plays a pivotal role for the development of this pathology. Children and adolescents with highcholesterol levels are more likely, than their peers, to present cholesterol elevation as adults. The identification of genetic dyslipidemias associated with premature cardiovasculardisease is crucial during childhood in order to delay or prevent the atherosclerotic process. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia during pediatric age are available from the National Cholesterol Education Program. A heart-healthy diet limiting rotaiand saturated fat intake should begin at age 2 years and a large number of studies have demonstrated no adverse effects on nutritional status, growth, pubertal development and psychological aspects in children and adolescents. Pharmaco- therapy should be considered in children over l0 years of age when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations remain very high despite severe dietary therapy, especially when multiple riskFactors are present the only lipid-lowering drugs recommended until now for childhood and adolescence are the resins which although have been reported to be effective and well tolerated, have shown to be associated with very poor compliance because of unpalatability. The use of statins is increasing and seems to be effective and sale in children, even if current studies have enrolled only a small number of patients and evaluated efficacy and safety (for short-term follow-up). Recently, a new drug, ezetimibe, seems to be efficacious and is synergic to the cholesterol-lowering therapeutic effects of statins. This review provides an update on recent advances in the diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up of familial hypercholesterolemia during pediatric age and adolescence
Ten-years longitudinal study of thyroid function in children with Down syndrome.
No full textBackground: Children with Down syndrome (DS) show an increased prevalence of thyroid disease when compared with the general population. The risk for thyroid dysfunction rises with age. A yearly thyroid screening was suggested in the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the health supervision of children withDS.Objective and hypotheses: The aim of our investigation is to longitudinally study the thyroid function in children with DS in order to identify the prevalence of thyroid pathology throughout development.Methods: Thyroid function tests were yearly carried out on 120 children with DS, all followed from birth to 10 years of age. There were 65 boys and 55 girls. Subjects were annually classified according to thyroid function as: normal, congenital hypothyroidism (C-HT), hypothyroidism (HT - TSH >10 mcIU/ml and low FT4), subclinical hypothyroidism (S-HT - TSH between 5 and 10 mcIU/ml and normal FT4), hyperthyroidism (HyperT).Results: In our study population the prevalence of normal thyroid function significantly decreased from 90.8% to 41.7% throughout 10-years follow-up. Therefore, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions increased, in particular the HT ones. The abnormal findings were almost equally distributed between the genders.Conclusions: More than half of the children with DS in our study developed thyroid dysfunctions. Our results confirm that DS patients, especially those with normal thyroid function and subclinical hypothyroidism, should be carefully followed annually to precociously identify the appearance of thyroid pathology and to begin an adequate hormonal treatment.presentation
Unforgettable cases in pediatric general practice: HyperCPKemia (high creatine phosphokinase blood levels), not just myopathy [IperCPKemia, non solo miopatie]
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