2,831 research outputs found
Personalizing politics and realizing democracy
No full textFew people today would challenge the legitimacy of democracy as the form of government most congenial to modern-day citizenship, as it requires its members to treat each other as equals and to cooperate in the shared pursuit of conditions that maximize both the individual's potential and the achievement of a public welfare. However, a number of facts challenge these deeply-rooted ideals: declining political participation, along with skepticism and dissatisfaction with the function of democracy has spread; citizens' increasing capacity to control their own circumstances within their private, economic, and social spheres is at odds with their inability to exert control over their elected representatives; and the shift of opposing radical coalitions towards more pragmatic and ideologically elusive platforms aimed to attract a larger constituency of the electorate has greatly diluted the identity of political parties.
In Personalizing Politics and Realizing Democracy, authors Gian Vittorio Caprara and Michele Vecchione present the ever-growing reciprocal relationship between personality and politics, and assert that politics are not only increasingly dependent on the likes and dislikes of its citizenship, but ultimately on the personalities of political candidates attracting these voters' preferences. In this book, Caprara and Vecchione draw from recent research in personality psychology that offer a decisive role in understanding the major changes that have occurred within politics in the last several decades
Validation of the Italian version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised (PVQ-R) [Un contributo alla validazione italiana del Portrait Values questionnaire-revised (PVQ-R)]
No full textSchwartz e colleghi (2012) hanno recentemente proposto un aggiornamento della teoria dei valori, sviluppata dallo stesso autore alla fine degli anni ottanta (Schwartz e Bilsky, 1987; Schwartz, 1992). Gli autori hanno frazionato il continuum motivazionale in 19 dimensioni, molte delle quali rappresentano dei sottotipi dei 10
valori proposti originariamente. Il presente studio si propone di fornire un contributo alla validazione italiana del Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised (PVQ-R), lo strumento sviluppato da Schwartz e colleghi (2012) per la misura dei 19 valori. Sono state esaminate le proprietà psicometriche del PVQ-R, con particolare riferimento alla possibilità di discriminare i 19 valori e alla coerenza interna delle dimensioni. È stata inoltre esaminata la posizione relativa dei 19 valori lungo il continuum motivazionale. Hanno partecipato alla ricerca 713 soggetti (43% femmine), con un’età media di 26.5 (DS = 13.6). I risultati evidenziano che i 19 valori sono distinguibili empiricamente, e che i vari sottotipi sono riconducibili ai 10 valori di base del modello originale. La
maggior parte delle dimensioni presenta indici di coerenza interna buoni o accettabili. I 19 valori si collocano nella posizione attesa, con scostamenti minimi rispetto al modello teorico. Sono infine discusse le potenziali applicazioni dello strumento alla ricerca sui valoriSchwartz and colleagues (2012) have recently proposed a refinement of value theory, developed by the same author at end of the eighties (Schwartz & Bilsky, 1987; Schwartz, 1992). The authors partitioned the motivational continuum into 19 dimensions, most of which represent subtypes of the 10 original values. The present study aims to validate an Italian version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised (PVQR), the instrument proposed by Schwartz and colleagues (2012) for the assessment of the 19 refined values. The psychometric properties of the PVQ-R have been assessed, focusing on the possibility to discriminate the 19 values and the internal consistency of the scales. Moreover, the locations of the 19 values around the circular motivational continuum have been examined. Seven hundred and thirteen respondents (43% females), with a mean age of 26.5 (SD = 13.6), participated in the study. Results showed that the 19 values can be distinguished empirically. Moreover, they can be combined into the 10 values of the original theory. Most scales have good or acceptable levels of internal consistency. The 19 values are located in the expected position, with few exceptions. The applicability of the instrument to value research has been discusse
La Misura dei Cinque Grandi Fattori nella Selezione del Personale: il Caso del Big Five Questionnaire
No full textIn stamp
Job burnout, absenteeism, and extra role behaviors
No full textThe study aimed to assess absenteeism and extra role behaviors as correlates of job burnout. Employees from a nuclear physics institute (N1/4142) completed a survey that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), self-efficacy, support by colleagues, and workload. Levels of absenteeism and extra role behaviors were provided by company records. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses were applied to a conceptual model of relationships among variables rooted in Maslach and Leiter's resource-based model of burnout. Results suggest that self-efficacy was positively related to support by colleagues, workload, and professional efficacy, whereas it was negatively related to exhaustion. Exhaustion and cynicism were mainly and negatively related to workload and were not related to professional efficacy. In turn, absenteeism was positively related to exhaustion, whereas extra role behaviors were negatively related to cynicism. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Disentangling trait from state components in the assessment of egoistic and moralistic self-enhancement
No full textA latent state-trait model has been used to assess the extent to which egoistic and moralistic self-enhancement represent: (a) stable individual differences and (b) systematic effects of the situation and/or the person-situation interaction. Analyses were conducted on a sample of 187 adults (64% females). Findings revealed that both self-enhancement tendencies mostly capture stable interindividual differences, although significant occasion-specific effects were observed. Egoistic self-enhancement presents a higher proportion of trait variance than moralistic self-enhancement. The egoistic dimension was mostly related with the stable (trait) components of conscientiousness and emotional stability. The moralistic dimension, on the contrary, was mostly related with the transient component of emotional stability. Potential explanations for the observed differences between egoistic and moralistic self-enhancement were discussed and interpreted in terms of their implications for personality assessment. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
L’adozione delle innovazioni: il ruolo dei tratti di personalità e dell’innovatività generale e specifica
No full textIl ruolo dei tratti percepiti e dell’atteggiamento di voto nella previsione del comportamento elettorale: un modello esplicativo.
No full textThe present study aims to provide a contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms at the roots of electoral choice. We examined the impact on voting behaviour of participants’ attitudes toward voting for a given coalition and the personality traits they attributed to the respective leaders. Findings from 120 voters underlined the meditational role of attitudes: perceived integrity and leadership traits positively affect the attitude towards voting for the respective coalition, which in turn predict the electoral choice. A significant interaction between leadership and integrity also emerged: the beta weight of the trait with the higher predictive validity (leadership for centre-left candidate and integrity for centre-right candidate) is higher when the other trait is highly attributed to the politician. Practical implications about the most efficient ways of conveying favourable images of candidates were advanced
Tratti di personalità, valori e scelte politico-elettorali
No full textCavazza e Corbetta presentano un contributo volto ad analizzare, in una prospettiva interdisciplinare, l’associazione tra stili di vita e
comportamento di voto. Gli autori si focalizzano in particolare sul ruolo degli stili di vita basati sulle scelte di consumo e di tempo libero,
quali espressione di raggruppamenti sociali significativi, nella costruzione dell’orientamento politico e delle scelte di voto. Il contributo
offre numerosi spunti di riflessione. Intendiamo in questa sede porre l’attenzione su alcuni aspetti, che a nostro parere necessitano di
ulteriori approfondimenti
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