1,721,460 research outputs found
Edaphoclimatological study of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) in Loja province, southern Ecuador
No full textA study about climate and soil conditions in areas where wild cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) trees can be found, was carried out between August and October 1995 in Loja province (southern Ecuador), which is probably the centre of origin of this fruit species. The objective was to examine the range of edapho-climatological conditions in which wild cherimoya trees occur, in order to obtain an indication of its growth requirements. A zonal classification of Loja province was carried out, using a GIS (Geographical information System), to determine and define characteristics of zones where optimal production is to be expected.
A combination of climatological maps, soil maps and 52 soil analyses data from 20 locations allowed to determine requirements in annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, yearly precipitation, relative humidity, soil texture, pH and organic matter content. In Loja province, wild cherimoya trees are generally found in mild (mean annual temperature between 19 and 20.5 degrees C) and relatively dry (mean annual precipitation varying between 650 and 1,250 mm) areas with relative humidity ranging from 75 - 85 %. Well drained soils with textures ranging between sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam, a slightly acid pH that is slightly acid (varying between 5 and 6.5) and a moderate organic matter content (ranging 1 - 5 %) seem to be optimal
Financial inclusion, deepening and efficiency in microfinance programs : evidence from Bangladesh
No full textThe economic literature provides evidence that growth is associated with positive performance of the financial sector. This aspect is particularly important for developing countries. This study aims to investigate whether, in an environment of growing competition and regulation, the maintenance of their social mission may have led microfinance institutions (MFIs) to compromise their performance, in terms of efficient production of credit services. To this purpose, we use a two-stage approach to analyze the relationship between outreach and efficiency of MFIs in Bangladesh. In the first stage, a dynamic data envelopment analysis is exploited to measure the efficiency of MFIs from 2009 to 2014. The results show that most of the MFIs are operationally inefficient over the period, suggesting a considerable potential for future improvement. In the second stage, the study examines the potential trade-off between MFIs' commitment to financial inclusion and depth of outreach on the one hand and efficiency on the other hand, using a double bootstrapping methodology that helps in limiting the problems arising from the endogenous nature of the measures of outreach with respect to efficiency. The results show that financial inclusion is positively associated with MFIs' efficiency, whereas the relationship between deepening and efficiency turns up negative, providing partial evidence in support of 'mission drift' in the Bangladesh microfinance industry. This may be indicative of the fact that MFIs with stronger commercial objectives have expanded their business and their margins of efficiency to compete with other intermediaries. In contrast, the MFIs with a more intense social strategy may have suffered a decrease in their operating efficiency in order to maintain their social mission. Policy implications point towards a greater degree of awareness on the part of the regulatory authorities of the consequences of imposing constraints on the operating mechanisms of the microfinance industry, such as interest rate caps. We also suggest that rules disciplining competition should not be uniform, but rather tailored to specific outreach indicators
Weed interference in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Sri Lanka : an ecological perspective
No full textImproving biomass production and qualify of German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla L.) grown in Belgium.
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Site-specific crop production based on farmers' production experiences in Colombia : case studies on Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam)
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Market chain analysis of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) products in Mali and Benin
No full textVulnerability of maize-dependent smallholders and their adaptation strategies to climate change in Ethiopia
No full textNon-timber forest products in Suriname : diversity, knowledge and use of plants in an Ameridian and Maroon community
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