1,721,119 research outputs found
Dallo Sviluppo Tipico a quello Atipico: Il Contributo della Psicologia dello Sviluppo alla Neuropsicologia della Comunicazione e del Linguaggio.
No full textPredisposizioni innate e architettura della mente: il caso del volto.
No full textThe aim of this review is to present some theoretical issues concerning the recognition of faces in adults. In the light of these considerations, data concerning the preference for facelike patterns in newborns will be discussed. Taken together the reported data suggest that newborns possess a device that is specifically tuned to process structural information concerning the visual characteristics of the face, and that it displays some properties of the modular systems. In accord with Karmiloff-Smith (1991), it is assumed that neonates are pre-programmed to attend to some classes of relevant environmental input, and that these initial predispositions determine the entities on which subsequent learning processes will take place
Spatiotemporal neurodynamics of automatic temporal expectancy in 9-month old infants
Full text linkAnticipating events occurrence (Temporal Expectancy) is a crucial capacity for survival. Yet, there is little evidence about the presence of cortical anticipatory activity from infancy. In this study we recorded the High-density electrophysiological activity in 9 month-old infants and adults undergoing an audio-visual S1-S2 paradigm simulating a lifelike "Peekaboo" game inducing automatic temporal expectancy of smiling faces. The results indicate in the S2-preceding Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) an early electrophysiological signature of expectancy-based anticipatory cortical activity. Moreover, the progressive CNV amplitude increasing across the task suggested that implicit temporal rule learning is at the basis of expectancy building-up over time. Cortical source reconstruction suggested a common CNV generator between adults and infants in the right prefrontal cortex. The decrease in the activity of this area across the task (time-on-task effect) further implied an early, core role of this region in implicit temporal rule learning. By contrast, a time-on-task activity boost was found in the supplementary motor area (SMA) in adults and in the temporoparietal regions in infants. Altogether, our findings suggest that the capacity of the human brain to translate temporal predictions into anticipatory neural activity emerges ontogenetically early, although the underlying spatiotemporal cortical dynamics change across development. © 2016 The Author(s)
Processi cognitivi presenti alla nascita: attenzione, memoria, percezione.
No full textThis review analyses the most representative research contribution on the study of cognitive processes at birth. The examined works investigated: 1) which information newborn infant's eye can detect and how this information is sent to visual cortex (pattern detection); 2) which stimulus features newborn infant can discriminate and which she/he prefers; 3) if newborn infant can memorize the information that she/he detected; 4) which perceptual capabilities there are at birth. It is suggested to explain the results of the researches examined within the theoretical model suggested by Leslie Cohen (1988)
Lo sviluppo dell’orientamento attentivo e dell’organizzazione percettiva nella prima infanzia: effetti della natura dello stimolo.
No full text
- …
