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    Targeting RANKL in the management of bone loss in patient with breast cancer

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    The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), its signaling receptor RANK, and its natural decoy receptor OPG are members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor superfamily and are best known for their essential role in controlling osteoclastogen- esis. RANKL in bone has also been shown to serve as a chemoattractant for cancer cells, thus explaining the tropism of certain cancers such as breast and prostate cancer to preferentially metastasize to bone. Here, we will discuss the important role of RANKL and its possible role in the management of bone loss in patients with breast cancer

    Sostituzione dell’articolazione metatarso-falangea prima con artroprotesi totale nel trattamento chirurgico dell’alluce rigido

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    The hallux rigidus, especially in advanced stage, has always been a challenge as regards the surgical treatment. Over the years there have been various surgical techniques proposed with the aim of relieving pain, correcting deformity and maintain a certain degree of movement. For some years we have addressed the problem with the replacement metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty with Reflexion system. As far as our experience we have operated and monitored 25 patients (18 females and 7 males) of mean age 58.1 years, operated with this technique from June 2008 to June 2011. It 'reached an average ROMof 72 ° (extension and flexion 45 ° and 27 °) with a good functional recovery in 8 patients, and this articulation was good (50 ° -40 °) in 12 patients and moderate in 5 with a articular range from 40 ° -30.The clinical results, according to our experience, appear to be favorable, as even patient satisfaction is complete
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