43 research outputs found
The Story of the Textbook by F.Ye. Vasilyuk Psychotechnique of Experiencing (A Cultural-Historical Essay)
No full textThe article focuses on one of the first experiences of applying psychology to solving practical tasks, moreover on the scale of an entire country, in the framework of the project «Practical Psychology of Creativity», the idea of which originated in 1989. That was also the first experience of distance psychological counseling of several thousand people on the basis of specially designed for this course tutorials which included “Psychotechnique of Experiencing” by F.Ye. Vasilyuk and two more manuals: “Autogenic Training” by N. N. Petrov and “If the Situation Seems Irresolvable...” by V.K. Zaretsky. The objective of this article is to show through the analysis of less known episodes of F.Vasilyuk's biography the initial milestones of the movement towards overcoming the schism between academic psychology and psychological practice which was described by him later
At the Origins of the Reflective–Activity Approach: to the 120th Anniversary of Piotr Yakovlevich Galperin, to the 90th Anniversary of Nikita Glebovich Alekseev
No full textThe article is dedicated to the memory of the author's teachers in psychology, written in connection with the anniversaries of the outstanding Russian psychologists P.Ya. Galperin and N.G. Alekseev. Both scientists are the authors of the ideas underlying the reflective–activity approach (RAA) to assist students in overcoming learning difficulties, developed by the author. In 2022, practicians of the RAA celebrate 25 years since the birth of the approach, and this event prompts the author to turn to the origins of its occurrence, to the ideas on the basis of which the RAA technology is built. P.Ya. Galperin's ideas on internalization and the formation of mental actions are combined with N.G. Alekseev's ideas on reflection and reflective thinking based on the basic principles of cultural–historical psychology developed by L.S. Vygotskii. As a basis for uniting the ideas of L.S. Vygotskii, P.Ya. Galperin and N.G. Alekseev, their attitude to psychological practice becomes. The implementation of these ideas within the framework of the RAA is briefly considered on the example of three projects: summer schools, chess for general development, assistance to orphans with disabilities and severe somatic diseases.</p
Zone of Proximal Development: Evolution of the Concept
No full textThe main idea of the article is to trace the development and use of the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD) in the works of Russian psychologists since its introduction into the conceptual apparatus of cultural-historical psychology by L.S. Vygotsky. The article consists of three parts. The first is devoted to the definition of the concept of ZPD, in which the contradictions between the ideas of the author of the concept and the interpretations of it by other authors are analyzed. The “classical definition” of ZPD is supplemented by the ideas of L.S. Vygotsky, expressed by him in other works. The other two parts of the article are devoted to changes in the methodological functions of the concept at different stages of its development: from an explanatory principle to the subject of research, and from the subject of research to a methodological means for the construction of new subjects of practice-oriented technologies. The general trend is to expand the areas of application of the ZPD concept, to go beyond the initial tasks of explaining and theoretically justifying the special connection between learning and development, and beyond the problems of interaction between a child and an adult. Particular attention is paid to the helping activity of an adult (teacher, psychologist, parent, etc.): the main question is how to help in order to contribute to the development. It is shown that the concept of ZPD is now used in psychotherapy and practice of working with adults with developmental disorders, i.e. it becomes the link between education (learning), development and mental health.</p
Life and Creative Work of Fyodor Vasilyuk: Overcoming the Schism in Academic and Practical Psychology
No full textIn this paper we reflect on the creative legacy of F.Ye. Vasilyuk. Understanding psychotherapy, considered as a multi-level psychotechnical system; educational projects; organizational, publishing and other activities of Fyodor Vasilyuk in the field of psychological counselling and psychotherapy — all can be thought of as an integral whole, as a multidimensional solution to the problem of the schism in academic psychology and psychological practice. Here we trace the following three lines in Vasilyuk’s work: from practice to science, from science to practice, and the line of integrating science and practice in education. The first line, “from practice to science”, is analyzed (by V.K. Zaretsky) in relation to how understanding psychotherapy has enriched the Russian tradition of exploring thinking through solving creative tasks. The second line, “from practice to science”, is reviewed (by T.D. Kryagina) in the context of studies of empathy in cultural-historical psychology and their impacts on the development of understanding psychotherapy and educational process. In the “education” line, A.B. Kholmogorova presents a brief outline of the history of the first ever Russian social institution for training qualified practical psychologists
Position in Educational Activity and Empathy Ability in Adolescence and Teenage Years
No full textThe article is devoted to the study of the relationship between empathy and learning activity position in adolescence and young. We present the results of empirical research of 78 assisting professions students (psychologists and teachers) and 42 Polytechnic College students with the techniques of studying empathic abilities (questionnaire of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index of M. Davis in the adaptation of TD Karyagina, projective technique "Consolation Strategies" Vasiluk and EV Sheryagina, processing in the modification of AB Kholmogorova), and the the subject position (the questionnaire "Subject Position in studying activity" by Yu.V. Zaretsky and V.K. Zaretsky). Students less likely to use emotional support, the objective position is more clearly expressed and less subjective in relation to learning activity. Subjects with a subjective learning activity position have stronger empathy, perspective taking and the ability to provide support. Subjects with a subject position often use emotional support
Vygotsky's Principle "One Step in Learning - One Hundred Steps In Development": From Idea To Practice
No full textThe article reviews Lev Vygotsky’s published works to trace the evolution of his understanding of child development. The authors believe that his assumption that one step in learning may mean one hundred steps in development, is as important as the two other key postulates of the cultural-historical theory: the principle that learning precedes development and the concept of zone of proximal development. The authors provide a rationale for utilization of these assumptions in the practice of development-facilitating psychological and educational assistance. A mechanism of this learning-development relationship is hypothesized. The article outlines a multidimensional model of the zone of proximal development illustrating the above mechanism. This model is one of the conceptual tools of the Reflection and Activity Approach helping children overcome learning difficulties and promoting their development. Having given the account of how they proceeded “from the idea to the problem” and “from the idea to the mechanism”, the authors provide case studies showing how this mechanism allows working with learning difficulties to trigger simultaneous improvement in multiple developmental dimensions. The article reports on the experience of running special Summer Schools for children with learning difficulties, implementing the “Chess for General Development” Project, and assisting orphaned children with severe somatic conditions. A case study of a female college student displaying signs of the learned helplessness syndrome is presented. The authors infer that Vygotsky’s idea of a specific relationship between learning and development may be of fundamental theoretical and practical value, especially for working with children with special needs
Devoted to the 85-th anniversary of Nikita Glebovich Alekseec
No full textWe don’t claim this paper to be a complete review or thorough analysis of the works of Nikita Glebovich Alekseev. It is a personal view of his activity from one of his students, who had been collaborating with him on various actual issues of methodology, psychology, ergonomics, problem-solving, design etc for 28 years. Our aim is to communicate our view of the impact N.G. Alekseev had on the culture, science, and practice, the role he played in the lives of many of his students, the impact his works still make on the development of thinking as a cultural phenomenon.</jats:p
Vladimir Petrovich Zinchenko – The Keeper Of The Russian Cultural-Historical Psychological Tradition
No full textL.S. Vygotsky's Principle "One Step in Learning — A Hundred Steps in Development": In Search of Evidence
No full textOn the basis of L.S. Vygotsky's published works the paper attempts to trace the dynamics of his concepts of child development and to provide evidence supporting Vygotsky's statement that one step in learning equals a hundred in development, which is one of the key principles of culturalhistorical theory in its application to child development. This statement is put in a row with two other major principles: one arguing that learning precedes development and the other referring to the zone of proximal development. The paper outlines a multivector model of the zone of proximal development as one of the conceptual tools of the reflective and activity approach to helping children overcome learning difficulties and promoting their development. The paper also describes a case study in which an orphan child with a disability received psychological and educational support that obviously contributed to the child's development. It is argued that L.S. Vygotsky's idea of the specific relationship between learning and development has fundamental theoretical and practical implications, in particular, for working with children with special need
World Psychology And Pedagogy In Search Of The Developmental Theory Relevant To Modern Challenges: Forward To Vygotsky
No full textThe report on the results of the Fifth Congress Of The International Society for Cultural-Historical Activity Research (August 28th — September 1st, 2017, Quebec, Canada) is presented.</jats:p
