390 research outputs found
Induction of general anaesthesia by rapid injection of propofol and dexmedetomidine or propofol and buthorphanol: cardiopulmonary and echocardiographic parameters in unpremedicated dogs
No full text2011 The Authors. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
20 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists, 38, 1–35 Induction of general anaesthesia by rapid
injection of propofol and dexmedetomidine
or propofol and butorphanol:
cardiopulmonary and echocardiographic
parameters in unpremedicated dogs
G Ravasio, L Borghi, D Fonda, P Brambilla, V Bronzo,
J Cincotti & C Locatelli
Universita` degli Studi di Milano, Facolta` di Medicina
Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 (MI) Italy
The aim was to compare quality of induction,
echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary effects of
two different general anaesthesia induction protocols.
Twelve dogs (ASA I-II) were assigned randomly
into two groups. Both groups received a rapid bolus
of propofol (2.2 mg kg)1 IV) immediately followed
by a rapid bolus of dexmedetomidine 3 lg kg)1 IV
(group A) or butorphanol 0MAP, SAP (NIBP) were recorded and 2, 5, 10, 15,
20 minutes after drug administration. Induction
quality, intubation time, additional propofol dose to
achieve intubation, sedation score (Fernandez et al.
2005) and adverse effects were recorded. Echocardiogram
was performed at baseline and immediately
after tracheal intubation. Data were analyzed using
repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon test
(p < 0.05).
Induction quality, intubation time (A: 75 ± 25,
B: 145 ± 66.8 seconds) were statistically different
between groups, HR was statistically lower in group
A compared to baseline (62 ± 23; 101 ± 23), fR
was not statistically different between groups but
lower than baseline in group A, NIBP was statistically
higher in group A and lower in group B
compared to baseline. Body temperature, SpO2,
PE¢CO2 were not statistically different. No apnoea
(>30 seconds) or emesis were recorded. Five group
B dogs required additional propofol (1.1 ± 0.7
mg kg)1 IV) to achieve tracheal intubation. Left
ventricular end-diastolic diameter was statistically
lower in group B and statistically higher in group A
compared to baseline. Cardiac output decrease was
18.5% in group A and 24.4% in group B.
Quality of induction was better in group A.
Echocardiographic parameters varied compared to
baseline in both groups but remained within normal
ranges for adult dogs (Cornell et al. 2004).
References: Fernandez JG, Parodi E, Garcia P et al.
(2005) Clinical action of subarachnoid sevoflurane
in vivo: a study in dogs. Brit J Anaesth 95(4), 530–
534.
Cornell CC, Kittleson MD, Della Torre P et al.
(2004) Allometric scaling of M-Mode cardiac measurements
in normal adult dogs. J Vet Intern med
18(3), 311–321..4 mg kg)1 IV (group B)
administered by a blinded operator. Baseline HR
An easy approach to 1-silylated ketones and asymmetrical 1,6- and 1,8-dicarbonyl compounds
No full textA variety of 1-silylated ketones and asymmetrical 1,6- and 1,8-dicarbonyl compounds are synthesized with 70-85% yields by means of Pd-catalysed selective hydrogenation reactions of the corresponding unsaturated conjugated products, readily available by a previously reported procedure
Random parallel algorithms for finding exact branchings, perfect matchings, and cycles
No full textIn this paper we devise randomized parallel algorithms which given a unary weighted (di)graph G=(V, E)construct in time O(log2| V|) branchings, perfect matchings, and disjoint cycles of weight exactly k belonging to G. These problems have been studied by Papadimitriou and Yannakakis [PY1], by Barahona and Pulleyblank [BP], by Camerini et al [CGM], and by Mulmuley et al. [MVV]. Our algorithms improve previous solutions. Moreover, we give an NC2 algorithm for computing the absolute value of the pfaffian of a skew-symmetric matrix
I costi di trattamento del disturbo bipolare
No full textIntroduction: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is an affective condition, during which an individual experiences phases of excitement (mania or hypomania) and depression. Type I BPD is characterised by one or more maniac episodes and one or few depressive episodes, whereas type II by different depressive episodes and at least one hypomaniac episode. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 1% of the adult population. There are few studies on treatment costs of BPD in Europe and none in Italy. Objective: This article examines the costs of a sample of 107 BP patients (>18 years) on treatment after an acute episode, for a period of 24 months. The main purpose is to quantify the treatment costs and to explain the causes of variation. Methods: Data on patient profiles and consumption of psychiatric services were collected retrospectively in 12 Italian centres. The costs per patient were calculated by applying unit costs, derived from a previous study on 10 psychiatric departments in Lombardy, to services used. Only direct costs of public psychiatric services (SSN) are considered. Results: The mean age is 46.2 years and was 32.5 years at first BPD diagnosis. About 2/3 of patients are affected by type I BPD, 19% by type II and 10% by unspecified BPD. Out of total, 93.5% reported a new episode, 44% of which was depression, 27% hypomania and 27% mania. All patients were prescribed class N drugs and had a psychiatric visit, while 42% were also hospitalised. The drug treatment covered an average period of 624 days. The mean cost per BP patient is € 9,681 (SD 8,825); hospitalisation is 45% of all costs, whereas drugs are 20% and psychiatric visits 19%. Costs increase according to intensity of care and setting: from € 3,521 for patients treated in community services to € 13,200 in hospitals and to € 28,853 in residential facilities. Treatment costs are not related to age, gender, diagnosis, years since first diagnosis, number and length of acute episodes, but vary significantly with location of psychiatric centres (r = -0,21 from North to South) and type of care pathways (r=0,61). Why different treatment paths, for similar patients, are chosen remains to be explained
Three dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) in feline ovariectomized patients: sedative and analgesic effects
No full textThree dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) regimens in feline ovariectomized patients: sedative and analgesic effects.
A.M. Carotenuto, G. Ravasio, L. Borghi, S Boveri, M. Beccaglia, D. Fonda
Università degli Studi di Milano, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 (MI) Italy
In cats, few studies have investigated the clinical effect of dexmedetomidine (DMED) CRI during perioperative period. Our aim was to evaluate the analgesic and sedative effects of three rates of DMED CRI in feline patients undergoing ovariectomy, postoperatively monitored for 24 hours. Eighteen female cats were enrolled. After premedication (5 μg kg-1 DMED IM; 0.2 mg kg-1 meloxicam SC), patients were induced with propofol and randomly allocated into three groups (D1-D2-D3) to receive 0.5 (n=6), 1.5 (n=6) and 2.5 (n=6) μg kg-1 h-1 DMED CRI respectively. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and respiration was mechanically controlled using intermittent positive pressure ventilation to maintain normocapnia. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and end tidal isoflurane concentration were recorded every 5 minutes. Rescue anaesthesia was provided by means of 0.5 mg kg-1 of propofol in response to acute increases in HR or MAP (20% or more). Postoperatively, sedation, analgesia, muscular relaxation and quality of recovery were evaluated using three postoperative scales (Ansah et al. 2002; Shaffran et al. 2008; Belda et al. 2008). Buprenorphine (10 μg kg-1) was provided as rescue postoperative analgesic drug. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). Intraoperatively, significant differences among groups were not found and any cat did not required rescue propofol, showing stable hemodynamic state. Isoflurane sparing effect of 40% was obtained in D1 and around 48% in D2 and D3. Postoperative analgesia and muscular relaxation showed to be significantly increased in D3 patients than in D1 and D2, while sedative effects resulted to be decreased. Although none patient in three groups required rescue analgesia, D3 showed the most favourable results. DMED infusion, used as part of a balanced anaesthesia, seemed to be safe, useful and effective to obtain adequate intra and postoperative analgesia in feline patients undergoing ovariectomy.
References: Arora S (2008) Combining ketamine and propofol (“Ketofol”) for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a review. WestJEM 9, 20-23.
Ilkiw JE, Pascoe PJ (2003) Cardiovascular effects of propofol alone and in combination with ketamine for total intravenous anesthesia in cat. AJVR 64, 913-91
O zbieżnościach przekazów w objawieniach siostry Faustyny Kowalskiej i matki Eugenii Elisabetty Ravasio
No full textThis article confronts the private revelations of sister Faustyna Kowalska and mother Eugenia Elisabetta Ravasio. Their subject was two persons of the Holy Trinity: God the Father and Jesus Christ. The author shows the common threads of meaning contained in communications from both revelations and analyses the structure of the vision of the two nuns. According to the author, their characteristic feature is a combination of conceptual cognition and visual cognition, rarely seen in the history of private revelations. As part of the analysis of the sphere of meaning, an attempt is also made to read the common purpose of the activities of the persons of the Holy Trinity revealed to the mystics.W niniejszym artykule dokonuje się konfrontacji objawień prywatnych s. Faustyny Kowalskiej oraz m. Eugenii Elisabetty Ravasio. Ich przedmiotem były dwie Osoby Trójcy Świętej: Bóg Ojciec oraz Jezus Chrystus. Autor ukazuje wspólne wątki znaczeniowe zawarte w przekazach pochodzących z obu objawień oraz analizuje strukturę wizji obu zakonnic. Zdaniem autora ich cechą charakterystyczną jest rzadko spotykane w historii objawień prywatnych połączenie poznania pojęciowego z poznaniem obrazowym. W ramach analizy sfery znaczeniowej zostaje też podjęta próba odczytania wspólnego celu działania Osób Trójcy Świętej objawionych mistyczkom
On the Convergence of Messages in the Apparitions of Sister Faustina Kowalska and Mother Eugenia Elisabetta Ravasio
No full textW niniejszym artykule dokonuje się konfrontacji objawień prywatnych s. Faustyny Kowalskiej oraz m. Eugenii Elisabetty Ravasio. Ich przedmiotem były dwie Osoby Trójcy Świętej: Bóg Ojciec oraz Jezus Chrystus. Autor ukazuje wspólne wątki znaczeniowe zawarte w przekazach pochodzących z obu objawień oraz analizuje strukturę wizji obu zakonnic. Zdaniem autora ich cechą charakterystyczną jest
rzadko spotykane w historii objawień prywatnych połączenie poznania pojęciowego z poznaniem obrazowym. W ramach analizy sfery znaczeniowej zostaje też podjęta próba odczytania wspólnego celu działania Osób Trójcy Świętej objawionych mistyczkom.This article confronts the private revelations of sister Faustyna Kowalska and mother Eugenia Elisabetta Ravasio. Their subject was two persons of the Holy Trinity: God the Father and Jesus Christ. The author shows the common threads of meaning contained in communications from both revelations and analyses the structure of the vision of the two nuns. According to the author, their characteristic feature is a combination of conceptual cognition and visual cognition, rarely seen in the history of private revelations. As part of the analysis of the sphere of meaning, an attempt is also made to read the common purpose of the activities of the persons of the Holy Trinity revealed to the mystics
Bifunctional copper catalysts. A one step synthesis of bicyclic ethers starting from alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones
No full textA new, one pot synthesis of bicyclic ethers starting from alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones containing an additional isolated olefinic bond is proposed. It relies on highly chemoselective hydrogenation of the enone group to the corresponding alcohol in the presence of supported copper catalysts, and on the presence of acidic sites on the catalyst support activating the double bond as a carbocation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
Prognostic potential of amniotic fluid analysis at birth on canine neonatal outcomes
No full textGlucose, lactate and cortisol concentrations in amniotic fluid were measured at birth in 95 pups and related to neonatal viability based on Apgar scoring and to neonatal mortality. Neither amniotic parameters nor neonatal mortality were associated with the Apgar score. Stillborn pups showed high lactate (P < 0.001) and cortisol (P < 0.05) but low glucose amniotic concentrations (P < 0.001). No amniotic fluid differences were observed between normal and malformed pups. Amniotic glucose (P < 0.001), lactate (P < 0.05) and cortisol (P < 0.05) concentrations were higher in pups delivered by vaginal parturition than by Caesarean section. Birth weight was higher in live pups than in pups dying within 48 h (P < 0.05). Although these are preliminary results, the analysis of amniotic fluid collected at birth could be a valuable predictor of neonatal outcomes in dogs
On the difficulty of finding walks of length k
No full textWe characterize the computational complexity of the following combinatorial problem: Given a directed graph G = (V, E) endowed with a length function w : E ⇀ N, a pair of nodes s and t in V and an integer k ≥ 0, does G contain a walk π from s to t of length exactly k? We show that the problem is NP-complete when G is a directed graph, an undirected graph, or a directed acyclic graph. The problem becomes NL-complete when w is a unary function
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