10 research outputs found
Micro reactor application for the Beckmann rearrangement to epsilon-caprolactam
No full textMass and heat transfer can put significant technological limitations to reactor and process design, which leads to far from ideal solutions for bulk processes. A discussion covers the design, construction, and testing of a single channel micro reactor integrated with a micro mixer to demonstrate the viability of a miniaturized reactor system for an industrial bulk process, based on micro reaction technological considerations; model reaction used, i.e., Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to epsilon-caprolactam with oleum as a catalyst and solvent; the reaction mixture (consisting of caprolactam and oleum) as the key step in the industrial process; window of operation; critical parameters in mass transport models; and the creation of multi micro zones of oxime and oleum rich phases. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 42nd Loss Prevention Symposium (New Orleans, LA 4/6-10/2008)
Real-time feedback control system for ADITYA-U horizontal plasma position stabilisation
No full textThe ADITYA-U tokamak (R-0 = 0.75 m, a = 0.25 m) is designed to shape plasma column in both single and double null diverter configurations. It is quite well known that sustaining a shaped plasma in tokamak requires very good plasma column position control, both horizontal and vertical. An FPGA-based proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control system has been designed and operated to achieve horizontal plasma position control in ADITYA-U tokamak. The complete system has been rigorously tested with sample signals before implementing to the ADITYA-U plasma discharges. The control system is integrated and time-synchronized with the plasma discharge operation of ADITYA -U. Furthermore, the system has been trained to take appropriate actions during the disruption or plasma failure in the tokamak operation. Detailed experimental results have been obtained by the operation of the digital PID controller. The complete design, installation, operation, tuning of the system along with all the relevant testing and operating experience of the digital PID controller for real-time horizontal plasma position control is presented in the paper.SP
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Development of prostrate cancer vaccine using PAP as target antigen
No full textTreatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) still remain limited and rarely curative. The prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is prostate specific protein over-expressed in more than 90% of prostate tumours. Although an FDA-approved vaccine for the treatment of advanced prostate disease, PROVENGE® (sipuleucel-T), has been shown to prolong survival, the precise sequence of the PAP protein responsible for the outcome remains unknown. As the PAP antigen is one of the very few prostate-specific antigens for which there is a rodent equivalent with high homology, pre-clinical studies using PAP have the potential to be directly relevant to the clinical setting. The current study identified HLA-A2 and HLA-DR1 PAP-derived peptides using the transgenic HHDII/DR1 and C57Bl/6 mice. The PAP-114-128 (15-mer) peptide was shown to elicit CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell-specific responses in C57Bl/6 mice. Furthermore, when immunised in a DNA vector format (ImmunoBody), PAP-114-128 was able to prevent and reduce the growth of TRAMP C1 prostate cancer cell-derived tumours in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings
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Overview of operation and experiments in the ADITYA-U tokamak
No full textOverview of physics results from the ADITYA-U tokamak and future experiments
No full textThe ADITYA upgrade (ADITYA-U), a medium-sized conventional tokamak facility in India, has been consistently producing experiments findings by using circular and shaped-plasmas. Recognizing the plasma parameters aligning closely with the design parameters of circular limited plasmas, ADITYA-U shifted its focus toward exploring the operational regime for experimentation on saw-tooth and MHD phenomena. Moreover, ADITYA-U has made consistent advancements toward conducting preliminary plasma shaping experiments through the activation of top and bottom divertor coils utilizing hydrogen as well as deuterium fuels. Confinement is improved by a factor of ∼1.5 in plasmas when compared to H _2 plasmas of ADITYA-U. Further, ADITYA-U operations emphasize preventing disruptions and runaway electrons (REs) to ensure safe operations for future fusion devices. Significant suppression of REs has been achieved in ADITYA-U with the application of pulsed localized vertical magnetic field (LVF) perturbation, thereby establishing the technique’s independence from the tokamak device. The successful RE mitigation requires a critical threshold of LVF pulse magnitude, which is approximately 1% of the toroidal magnetic field, and a minimum duration of ∼5 ms. Apart from this, several novel findings have been achieved in the ADITYA-U experiments, including the modification of sawtooth duration through gas-puff, the emergence of MHD-induced geodesic acoustic mode-like oscillations, the propagation of fast heat pulses induced by MHD activity, the control of RE dynamics through Gas-puffs, the propagation of pinch-driven cold-pulses, the transport and core accumulations of argon impurities, the mass dependency of plasma toroidal rotation and the detection of ‘RICE’ scaling, as well as the characterization of edge plasma using wall conditioning methods, such as glow discharge cleaning using a combination of Ar -H _2 mixture, localized wall cleaning by electron cyclotron resonant plasma, and the development of machine learning-based disruption predictions, will be discussed in this paper
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COVID-19 Disease in Children With ALL Receiving Maintenance Therapy: Do Not Discount the Risk
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