1,721,074 research outputs found
The sensitivity of trade flows to trade barriers
No full textThis study analyzes the sensitivity of trade flows to trade barriers from gravity equations, using different econometric techniques recently highlighted in the literature. Specifically, we compare a benchmark OLS fixed effects specification a la Feenstra (2002) with three emerging estimation methods: the standard Heckman correction for selection bias, to account for zero trade flows; the Eaton and Tamura (1994) Tobit estimator, to solve limited-dependent variable issues; and, finally, the Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) technique, to correct for the presence of heteroskedasticity. Our gravity model includes trade among 193 exporter and 99 importer countries, in 18 food industry sectors. The paper achieves two goals: First it provides estimates of the elasticity of substitution obtained using the four estimation techniques; Second, it gives dimension to trade flow sensitivity, simulating the effect of a full trade liberalization scenario on 18 food sectors. The estimates reveal interesting variations in the elasticity of substitution across products and procedures. The simulation indicates that trade liberalization will strongly increase food exports, especially from high income and emerging countries, while the increase in food exports from developing countries appears quite low
Elasticity of trade flows to trade barriers : A comparison among emerging estimation techniques
No full textThe objective of this study has been to analyze the sensitivity of trade flow to trade barriers from gravity equations, using different econometric techniques recently highlighted in the literature. Specifically, we compare a benchmark OLS fixed effects specification a la Feenstra (2002), with three emerging estimation methods: the standard Heckman correction for selection bias, to account for zero trade flow; its extension, recently proposed by Helpman et al. (2008), to control for firm heterogeneity; and, finally, the Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) technique to correct for the presence of heteroskedasticity, first proposed by Santos Silva and Tenreyro (2006). Our gravity model includes trade among 211 exporter and 104 importer countries, in 18 food industry sectors
Analyse de la mise en oeuvre des politiques structuralles agricoles : entre Union Européenne, Etat et Régions
No full textLinee guida per l’inserimento del prodotto alimentare ottenuto da metodi di agricoltura biologica nella ristorazione collettiva pubblica e privata – Gli strumenti per la valutazione economica della fattibilità
No full text
La rinnovata centralità del contratto collettivo nelle relazioni sindacali del settore pubblico
No full text- …
