449 research outputs found
Pediatric obesity-related asthma : The role of nutrition and nutrients in prevention and treatment
No full textChildhood obesity rates have dramatically risen in numerous countries worldwide. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already one of the most widespread chronic respiratory pathologies. The pathogenic mechanism of asthma risk has still not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of obesity-related inflammation and pulmonary overreaction to environmental triggers, which ultimately result in asthma-like symptoms, and the importance of dietary characteristics is well recognized. Diet is an important adjustable element in the asthma development. Food-specific composition of the diet, in particular fat, sugar, and low-quality nutrients, is likely to promote the chronic inflammatory state seen in asthmatic patients with obesity. An unbalanced diet or supplementation as a way to control asthma more efficiently has been described. A personalized dietary intervention may improve respiratory symptoms and signs and therapeutic response. In this narrative review, we presented and discussed more recent literature on asthma associated with obesity among children, focusing on the risk of asthma among children with obesity, asthma as a result of obesity focusing on the role of adipose tissue as a mediator of systemic and local airway inflammation implicated in asthma regulation, and the impact of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of asthma. Appropriate early nutritional intervention could possibly be critical in preventing and managing asthma associated with obesity among children
Copyright, contratto e accesso alla conoscenza: un’analisi comparata = Copyright, contract and access to knowledge: a comparative analysis.
No full textIl processo di digitalizzazione e lo sviluppo dei media, stravolgendo il paradigma tradizionale del copyright/diritto d’autore conducono a reazioni opposte. Da un lato, estendendo in vario modo l’ampiezza dell’esclusiva autorale favoriscono l’adozione di regole restrittive di accesso e uso dei contenuti; dall’altro, alimentano le logiche di condivisione, specie in alcune aree di produzione del sapere.
Il contratto, pur mutata la propria natura nella dimensione digitale, rappresenta la prima leva per l’affermazione di tali divergenti dinamiche, che, in entrambe le direzioni, riguardano anche la circolazione della conoscenza scientifica. Nel senso dell’apertura, lo strumento negoziale consente di perseguire i principi affermati dal movimento dell’Open Access (OA), abbattendo le barriere economiche e giuridiche all’accesso e utilizzo dei contenuti.
Dal deposito e pubblicazione su archivi istituzionali e disciplinari di opere transitate già attraverso i canali editoriali convenzionali, comunemente definita green road, alla pubblicazione su riviste ad accesso aperto, gold road, il fenomeno si sviluppa dal basso verso l’alto grazie alle dichiarazioni di principio e alle norme informali che hanno sin ora guidato le comunità accademiche nell’affermazione dell’OA. Di recente, tuttavia, i principi dell’OA sono oggetto di attenzione da parte del decisore pubblico che, pur timidamente, ne “impone” l’attuazione a tutte le comunità accademiche. Eppure, il diritto formale non sembra da solo sufficiente: è soltanto il primo tassello di una disciplina organica tesa a definire regole e incentivi per la produzione e la disseminazione della conoscenza scientifica, allo scopo di bilanciare la libertà “accademica” con il diritto di accesso alla conoscenza. = ENGLISH VERSION = Along with a comparative perspective that takes account of the U.S. and Italian law, this work aims to explore the interface between copyright and contract lae in publishing process.
In the current publishing environment, contracts and technology play a dominant role in the exploitation of copyrighted works. Publishers are granted by assignment of all copyright rights to reproduce and publish the work, but also to exercise control over its contents through technological protection measures. At the same time, mass digitization allows libraries and other organizations to make contents available online, which it entails a redefinition of the traditional publishing process and introduces new players to the scene (e.g., Google Books).
Hence, technology proves to be a powerful instrument for the spread of knowledge and it is on this pattern that Open Access (OA) is rapidly gaining ground.
Mostly based on a bottom-up approach that is on soft law, institutional policies and contracts, OA designs a new legal environment targeting the objectives of free accessibility, further distribution, and proper archiving of publications. These aims can be achieved through the creation of new open access business models to publish on OA journals (gold road) or to self-archive in institutional or disciplinary repositories works that have been originally published in conventional journals (green road).
However, in order for OA to be fully developed it is necessary to devise a principled and feasible approach to the dissemination of scholarly works against the current social, economic and legal background.
Indeed, the importance of OA is steadily recognized by legislators who integrate OA provisions into their legal system. This is an innovation of great significance, which was first fostered in the USA, and then extended in some European countries such as Italy and Germany in the European framework. Nevertheless, considering the different law systems, the formal law need to be combined with national strategies and institutional policies providing adequate incentives to the authors, while also promoting academic freedom and the right to knowledge access
“Adiós sui generis” : A Study of the legal Feasibility of the Sui Generis Right in the Context of Research Biobanks
No full textThe European protection of databases has been criticized for having a negative impact on the scientific development and the process of discovery. In the paper it is checked whether one of the most important research infrastructures, such as biobanks, could be entitled with the sui generis right as shaped within the current European legal system
Nutritional, gastrointestinal and endo-metabolic challenges in the management of children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1
No full textThe management of patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) is constantly evolving. In just a few decades, the medical approach has switched from an exclusively palliative therapy to a targeted therapy, transforming the natural history of the disease, improving survival time and quality of life and creating new challenges and goals. Many nutritional problems, gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic and endocrine alterations are commonly identified in patients affected by SMA1 during childhood and adolescence. For this reason, a proper pediatric multidisciplinary approach is then required in the clinical care of these patients, with a specific focus on the prevention of most common complications. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide the clinician with a practical and usable tool about SMA1 patients care, through a comprehensive insight into the nutritional, gastroenterological, metabolic and endocrine management of SMA1. Considering the possible horizons opened thanks to new therapeutic frontiers, a nutritional and endo-metabolic surveillance is a crucial element to be considered for a proper clinical care of these patients
Anthropometric parameters and body composition in children whith spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and cerebral palsy: an observational study
No full textSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and cerebral palsy (CP) are severe neurological conditions which impact profoundly on the nutritional status of children. SMA is a genetical, degenerative disease that leads to muscle atrophy. CP is an acquired condition caused by a permanent and non-progressive encephalic lesion. This observational study aimed to compare anthropometry and body composition among 3 pediatric groups SMA, CP and healthy controls (HC
Plant chromatin localization and DNA replication timing
No full textInput files and scripts for reproducing plots in Fig2.jpg"LAD_by_CRWN1_2HA.txt", Arabidopsis lamina-associated domains reported in: Hu B, Wang N, Bi X, Karaaslan ES, Weber AL, Zhu W, Berendzen KW, Liu C: Plant lamin-like proteins mediate chromatin tethering at the nuclear periphery. Genome Biol 2019, 20:87."NADs100bp_Col0WT_min1kb.csv", Arabidopsis nuleolus-associated domains, published in: Pontvianne F, Carpentier MC, Durut N, Pavlistova V, Jaske K, Schorova S, Parrinello H, Rohmer M, Pikaard CS, Fojtova M, et al.: Identification of Nucleolus-Associated Chromatin Domains Reveals a Role for the Nucleolus in 3D Organization of the A. thaliana Genome. Cell Rep 2016, 16:1574-1587."DNA_replication_time.xlsx", rep-seq dataset describing DNA replication timing, published in: Concia L, Brooks AM, Wheeler E, Zynda GJ, Wear EE, LeBlanc C, Song J, Lee TJ, Pascuzzi PE, Martienssen RA, et al.: Genome-Wide Analysis of the Arabidopsis Replication Timing Program. Plant Physiol 2018, 176:2166-2185."origin_of_duplication_PMID_30846531.xls", nascent DNA strand, published in: Sequeira-Mendes J, Vergara Z, Peiro R, Morata J, Araguez I, Costas C, Mendez-Giraldez R, Casacuberta JM, Bastolla U, Gutierrez C: Differences in firing efficiency, chromatin, and transcription underlie the developmental plasticity of the Arabidopsis DNA replication origins. Genome Res 2019, 29:784-797.</div
ABA concentration increased in <i>R</i>. <i>solanacearum</i>-infected plants, and ABA treatment reduced stomatal conductance, which correlated with reduced <i>R</i>. <i>solanacearum</i> stem colonization.
No full textA) ABA concentration in xylem sap harvested from healthy and R. solanacearum-infected Bonny Best tomato plants showing early wilt symptoms (1–25% of leaf area wilted) (T-test, *P = .03). Bars show mean and standard deviation of xylem sap ABA levels, measured by GC-MS, from six plants per treatment. B) Stomatal conductance in tomato leaves as measured with LI-COR instrument. Conductance of plants watered with 50 or 100 uM of ABA differed from that of mock-inoculated controls at all time points (2-way ANOVA Tukey’s multiple comparisons, P C) R. solanacearum population sizes as quantified in tomato plant stems five days after soil-soak inoculation with R. solanacearum strain GMI1000. R. solanacearum colonization was lower in ABA-treated plants at 5 dpi, which corresponds to 168 h of ABA treatment (Kruskal Wallis, 50 uM ABA, ***P P R. solanacearum cells (shown below X-axis labels) was also lower (Chi-square, P = .0016). Dots represent R. solanacearum population sizes in individual plants. Black bars represent the geometric mean and standard deviation of the data. Plants with undetectable R. solanacearum populations were given a value of 1 for statistical analysis. Data represent three biological replicate experiments, each with 12 plants per treatment (36 total plants/treatment).</p
Nutritional, gastrointestinal and endo-metabolic challenges in the management of children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1
No full textThe management of patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) is constantly evolving. In just a few decades, the medical approach has switched from an exclusively palliative therapy to a targeted therapy, transforming the natural history of the disease, improving survival time and quality of life and creating new challenges and goals. Many nutritional problems, gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic and endocrine alterations are commonly identified in patients affected by
SMA1 during childhood and adolescence. For this reason, a proper pediatric multidisciplinary approach is then required in the clinical care of these patients, with a specific focus on the prevention of most common complications. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide the clinician with a practical and usable tool about SMA1 patients care, through a comprehensive insight into the nutritional, gastroenterological, metabolic and endocrine management of SMA1. Considering the possible horizons opened thanks to new therapeutic frontiers, a nutritional and endo-metabolic surveillance is a crucial element to be considered for a proper clinical care of these patients
Author Correction: A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, the ATLAS Collaboration
author names, affiliations and acknowledgements were omitted and
have now been included in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
Treating plants with trehalose at the root delayed bacterial wilt symptoms and reduced <i>R</i>. <i>solanacearum</i> stem colonization, but only following soil inoculation.
No full textA) Wilt disease progress of cv. Bonny Best tomato plants treated with trehalose, then after 48 h soil soak inoculated with R. solanacearum GMI1000. Disease symptoms were rated on a 0–4 disease index scale where 0 = no wilt, and 4 = 76–100% wilted or dead. Trehalose treatment delayed appearance of wilt symptoms (P = .0082, t-test comparing areas under the curves or AUC). Data represent three replicate experiments, each with 15 plants/treatment. Bars represent standard error. B) Bacterial population sizes were smaller in stems of trehalose-treated plants at 5–7 days after inoculation (Mann-Whitney, P = .0009). Data represent three biological replicates with 15 plants/day sampled/treatment; each dot represents the R. solanacearum population size in one plant (including plants without detectable R. solanacearum). Black bars represent geometric mean and standard deviation of the data. The percentage of plants that contained any detectable R. solanacearum cells is shown below the X-axis; the limit of detection is ~102 cells. Relative to controls, fewer trehalose-treated plants contained detectable R. solanacearum populations (Chi-square, P = .0016). C) Disease progress of plants treated with trehalose (green) or water (blue), then 48 h later inoculated by introducing R. solanacearum directly into the xylem through a cut leaf petiole. Trehalose treatment did not affect wilt disease development in petiole-inoculated plants (P = .2067, T-test of AUC). Data represent three replicate experiments, each containing 15 plants/treatment. Bars represent standard error. D) Disease progress of plants treated with 30 mM trehalose or water, then 120 h later inoculated with R. solanacearum the soil drench method (P = .0003, T-test of AUC) Data represent four replicate experiments, each containing 15 plants/treatment. Bars represent standard error of the mean.</p
- …
