3 research outputs found

    The Embassy of Zemarkh to the Residence of the Great Kaghan (fragmentary translation and commentary of the work of Menander Protector)

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    The present article contains the translation and commentary to a fragment from the text of early Byzantine historian Menander Protector of the 6th century who describes the first Byzantine embassy to the Turks in 568. This source is extremely important for the study of relations between civilizations in the early medieval period. When commenting the original source, the author sought to look through the eyes of the Romans on the relationship between European Byzantine and Asian steppe civilizations. The Turks drew attention to Byzantium in order to achieve with its help the diplomatic blockade of Persia and to derive from this maximum benefit. In 568, the Turkic khagan sent to Constantinople an embassy headed by the military leader Maniah. As a result of the negotiations, both sides agreed on joint military operations, which were to be undertaken, if necessary, against Persia and Avar tribes. But more important was the fact that the Turks obtained from Byzantium the right to control over Silk Road. In August 568, there occurred a reciprocal visit to the khanate. The Byzantine embassy was headed by Zemarh, commander of the eastern cities. The Romans’ journey to Altai was interesting and exciting since they knew nothing about the customs and lifestyle of the Turks before the travel. It was the completely unknown world to the Byzantines with an absolutely different mentality, way of life and mode of thinking. Zemarh’s diplomatic mission was described by Menander Protector who was a contemporary of Zemarh, historian and politician, and who knew the Byzantine court ceremonies and all diplomatic nuances. Obviously, the historian used in his work the protocols and reports of the embassy. Description of the Zemarh’s journey to the southern Altai, preserved in fragments of the Menander’s «History», provides us with a complete picture of how the Romans perceived the Turks

    Comparison of cloud service consumption in the Czech republic,Visegrád group and European union

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    Adoption of cloud services has an increasing trend for many years already and no indication that it should change in close future has occurred. Moreover, cloud consumption has been further enhanced due to the COVID-19 situation since a great number of employees started to work from home and therefore, they need to access resources over the internet. This article describes the performed analysis of official data provided by the European Union on the consumption of cloud services in the member countries. The analysis particularly focused on comparing the cloud consumption in the Czech Republic, Visegrád Group and European Union in total. The consumption was compared based on multiple criteria – primarily on cloud service types, organization types, consumption trends. The analysis was conducted over sets of biannual data (2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020) that are available on the Eurostat site for all the European Union countries. The comparison showed that the level of cloud consumption differs across and that the average consumption for the European Union is higher than in the Czech Republic and in Visegrád Group. Besides, the comparison revealed that consumption in the Czech Republic is slightly higher than in Visegrád Group. Such pattern in the comparison between the three subjects was present in the majority of comparisons and therefore it might be stated that the Czech Republic and Visegrád Group are behind the average cloud consumption in European Union. This article is closely related to the Information Management as one of the aims of the E&M Economics and Management journal
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