73 research outputs found
Ovariectomy in Mouflons (Ovis aries) in the Field: Application of Innovative Surgical and Anaesthesiological Techniques
No full textOften the overpopulation of wild animals can cause the destruction of the environment, for which the solutions are catches, culling, or birth control. Ovariectomy is a useful intervention for birth control. This report describes an innovative technique of gonadectomy, using a suitable anesthetic/analgesic protocol and an innovative device for the surgical ovariectomy, in the field conditions. This technique is simple to use, free of side effects, and can be used in a wildlife clinic.This report describes an innovative technique of ovariectomy useful for the birth control in the mouflon population. Thirteen female mouflons in reproductive age were submitted to ovariectomy via midline and left flank, using the AESCULAP CAIMAN((R)) Seal and Cut device. The CAIMAN((R)) was useful for clamping the ovary, stapling the vessels, and cutting in one stroke, thus reducing the surgery times. The day after the gonadectomy all animals were mobilized to another enclosure. In this study, no intraoperative and post-operative complications were observed, and all animals were gonadectomized without side effects. This study sets the guidelines for the surgical sterilization of mouflons in the field using anesthetic protocols and high-quality surgical procedures
Case of Anorchia in a Mixed-Breed Dog
No full textAnorchia is a rare and often poorly understood disorder of sexual development. In the present case report, we
used a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose a case of anorchia in a 30-month old dog. The diagnostic process
began with gathering the dog medical history followed by a clinical visit with the patient, which
included a general wellness examination as well as an examination of the genital system. As suggested in the
relevant literature, the dog underwent an ultrasound and then computed tomography (CT) of the genital system,
which confirmed the diagnosis of testicular agenesis. Genetic testing confirmed the male XY karyotype.
Hormone testing also supported the diagnosis: testosterone and anti-M€ullerian hormone levels were below
their reference ranges, and luteinizing hormone (LH) was above 1 ng/mL. Following the diagnostic procedures
suggested in the relevant literature, the present study confirms anorchia in the dog and describes a
case of testicular agenesis in the canine species
Repeat Breeder Syndrome Therapies in Dairy Cows: A Review
No full textRepeat breeder (RB) cows are clinically healthy animals with regular oestrous cycles that do not become pregnant after three or more services. This syndrome has an incidence ranging between 10.1% and 24%. Repeat breeder syndrome (RBS) in dairy cows leads to economic losses to dairy farmers by increasing the calving interval and consequently reducing milk and calf production. RBS has a complex oetiopathogenesis as many factors are involved in its onset. The causes can be grouped into two categories: causes leading to fertilisation failure and factors leading to early embryonic death. Accurate identification of the cause and early diagnosis of RBS is essential to minimise the problems that this issue brings to the farm, but is not always possible. Hypothesising the underlying aetiology of the syndrome is also crucial for targeted therapy, whether pharmacological or managerial. The aim of this review is to report the different therapies, proposed in the literature, for the treatment of RBS in cattle, based on the knowledge of possible aetiological causes
Unsual giant cyst as a consequence of the ovarian remnant syndrome in a bitch
No full textThe canine ovary is a common place for the development of cystic structures with an incidence of80% of all canine ovaries diseases (Dow, 1960). In the bitch, the cystic pathology of the ovary includes ovarian, epithelial and stromal cysts, and paraovaric cysts (McEntee et al., 1990). Those cysts are stromal, classically distinct in follicular and luteinic. Parovarian cysts originating from remnants of mesonephric or paramesonephric tubules and ducts can also occur adjacent to the ovaries (Johnston et al. 2001 )
Extracutaneous melanogenetic system in Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758): a preliminary study.
No full textMelanogenesis has been mainly studied in mammalian melanocytes and melanoma cells. In heterothermic vertebrates, melanin-containing cells, named melano-macrophages, occur in visceral organs (1). In Teleosts, these cells are copious and dispersed in the stroma of haemopoietic tissues in kidney and spleen. In these organs, pigment content increases in particular states such as pathological and inflammatory conditions (1).
To gain a more extensive knowledge of the extracutaneous melanin-containg cell system, we investigated for the enzymes responsible of melanogenesis in two fish species: sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.). We looked for DOPA oxidase (DO) and peroxidase (POD) activity in kidney and spleen of breeding specimens caught in spring and winter.
Kidney melanosomal protein fractions revealed a very high DO activity in both species. A seasonal variation of the enzymatic activity (higher in winter and lower in spring) was found. Kidney melano-macrophages also showed a POD activity with seasonal variations similar to those observed in DO activity. Assays on spleen tissue extract revealed only a POD activity in spring, whereas in winter both activities were detected.
In conclusion we demonstrate, in these two fish species, that the melano-macrophages from kidney and spleen possess a melanogenetic capability that share common features with the melano-macrophages studied in other low vertebrate species.
The extracutaneous melanogenetic system could be used as a biomarker for the health status of farmed fishes. Great interest is directed to human diet because of the close relationship between nutrition and health.
References
1)Agius C., Roberts R. J., Journal of Fish Diseases, 200326, 499-509
Effects of intratesticular vs intraepididymal calcium chloride sterilant on testicular morphology and fertility in dogs
No full textBackground: Both stray and free-roaming owned dogs contribute to the serious global dog overpopulation problem. Many dog owners are unwilling to have their pet castrated for various reasons, including a reluctance to have their dog's behavior changed. A non-surgical method of sterilizing both stray and owned dogs would help to prevent unwanted litters. Previous studies have shown that intratesticular injection of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 ) in alcohol is a promising and cost-effective alternative to surgery for stray dogs, with testosterone significantly decreased and sexual activity eliminated. The aim of this study was to compare the use of a solution of 20% CaCl 2 in 95% ethanol injected into the testicles or into the head of the epididymis. Methods: A total of 148 dogs divided into 4 groups (2 experimental and 2 control) were respectively injected with CaCl 2 or saline solution into the testicle or epididymal head (ultrasound-guided). The animals were examined at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months for sperm quality, concentration of testosterone in serum, and side effects; at 0 and 5 months with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to enhance the morphological aspects/alteration of the testicular parenchyma or epididymis; and at 9 months when all were castrated for histological examination. Results: All dogs treated with CaCl 2 became sterile with azoospermia achieved over the 9-month study. The concentration of testosterone in serum significantly decreased following intratesticular treatment with CaCl 2 . No adverse effects were noted. Conclusions: A single, bilateral intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl 2 in 95% ethanol was confirmed to be a reliable method for induction of sterilization in male dogs. The approach showed long-term efficacy and may reduce sexual behavior, with the additional benefits of low-cost and ease of use, making this nonsurgical method appropriate for use in stray dogs. Sterility was also achieved if injected in the head of the epididymis but no significant decrease in serum concentration of testosterone occurred. Moreover, performing the intraepididymal injection into the epididymal head was as time consuming as orchiectomy. This approach may be optimal for use in owned dogs where anatomical integrity and testosterone maintenance is preferred by the owner
Oxytocin, prostaglandin F2α, and scopolamine for uterine involution of dairy cows
No full textThe aim of the study was to compare the effect of three substances with ecbolic activity, Oxytocin, Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and Scopolamine, on the uterine involution process in dairy cows and on the resumption of ovarian activity. Eighty bovine were randomly divided in four groups: GROUP C: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 5 mL/head of saline solution; GROUP PG: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 150 μg/head of d-cloprostenol; GROUP OX: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 50 IU/head of oxytocin acetate; GROUP S: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 40 mg/q Scopolamine Butylbromide. Each cow was subjected to blood samples to evaluate the Hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, at T0, within 24 h after calving, and T7, T14, T28, 7, 14, and 28 days after calving, respectively. At T14 and T28, an ultrasound examination was performed to measure the diameter of ex-pregnant horn. In all cows, the reproductive indices (days to first service and number of artificial insemination for conception) were evaluated. In all groups, the HYP concentrations have been rising from T0 to T28, with the maximum levels obtained at T28 in the groups PG and S. As regard the diameter of uterine horn, the comparison among the groups showed significant differences only at T28, with lower values in the group PG and S. In group S and PG, the days to first service were less than other groups. Treatment with Scopolamine and PGF2α resulted in better outcomes, evidenced clinically by more efficient uterine involution and faster ovarian recovery
Surgical, histological, and immunohistochemical approach to spontaneous malignant mammary tumor in a fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica): a case report
No full textA domestic rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Bari “Aldo Moro” (Bari, Italy) for the presence of a progressive growing unilateral mass. The mass was completely surgically removed, and then histologically and immohistochemically evaluated. The lesion was diagnosed as mammary ductal carcinoma based on histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry staining for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and proliferation marker Ki-67 were found to be positive. The rat was rechecked 3 months thereafter, with total body radiographs taken for metastatic assessment, and no macroscopic evidence of tumor recurrence was observed at the surgical site. Thus, the most effective weapon remains prevention, so owners should be advised to timely spay their pets to reduce the probability of mammary tumor appearance
Use of spinal anaesthesia with anaesthetic block of intercostal nerves compared to a continuous infusion of sufentanyl to improve analgesia in cats undergoing unilateral mastectomy
No full textUnilateral mastectomy is a common surgical procedure in feline species and requires postoperative pain management. Our study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of subarachnoid anaesthesia combined with an intercostal nerve block, in comparison with the use of sufentanyl citrate administered as a constant-rate infusion (CRI). Twenty cats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group) based on the analgesic protocol used: the first received loco-regional anaesthesia with levobupivacaine (LR group), and the second received a CRI of sufentanyl (SUF group). The evaluation criteria during surgery were the need for a bolus of fentanyl in the event of an increased heart rate or increased blood pressure. In the postoperative period, the levels of comfort/discomfort and pain were used to obtain a score according to the UNESP-Botucatu multimodal scale. Subjects who scored above seven received analgesic drug supplementation. Intraoperative analgesia was satisfactory, with good haemodynamic stability in both groups. Four patients in the LR group required an extra dose of methadone after they achieved the sternal decubitus position, whereas those in the SUF group required many more doses. The analgesia achieved in the LR group was more satisfactory than that in the SUF group
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