844 research outputs found
Religious doctrine in the works of Mikhail Bulgakov (with special reference to Belaia Gvardiia, Beg and master I Margarita)
Get PDFThis thesis will examine the works of Mikhail Afanasevich Bulgakov with special reference to Belaia gvardiia. Beg, and Master i Margarita. It shall be shown that Russian Orthodox Doctrine can provide a cohesive whole for his works, uniting them on a 'spiritual' level. At first an assessment will be made of the extent to which Bulgakov was a believing Christian, then the following examination of his works will be divided into the Divine and the Human, beginning with an examination of the Devil. The nature of Christ and God will then be considered and be shown to correspond on may levels with the tenets of Doctrine. In the second half, man and his relationship to God will be discussed, showing that the mortal condition of man and his attempts to come close to God are of importance to Bulgakov. Finally, his portrayal of man’s progression through judgement to the attainment of Salvation will be considered, showing that, despite some deviations, Bulgakov's artistic ideas are founded in Doctrine
Experimental study of the implement-and-tractor aggregate used for laying tracks of permanent traffic lanes inside controlled traffic farming systems
No full textTraffic-induced soil compaction is a serious drawback of modern agriculture. However, controlled traffic farming (CTF) systems, which have been adopted worldwide, are useful strategies of lessening this problem. In CTF systems, the crop zone is clearly separated from the permanent traffic lanes (PTL), which are used exclusively for the movement of the machine-and-tractor aggregates. The CTF systems are implemented both with and without the use of the GPS systems. When navigation-aid is not used, the first positioning of the PTL tracks is an essential operation, in which the aggregate intended for this task must perform a sufficiently straight movement. This paper reports the assessments concerning the PTL tracks laid by an experimental aggregate, which consisted of a four-wheel drive tractor and a tillage implement operating in the “push” mode. This aggregate formed tracks with a sufficiently small dispersion (10.30 cm2) and a fairly low (not more than 0.09 Hz) frequency of their fluctuations in a horizontal plane. Furthermore, during the tests, a rather close positive correlation between the bearing angle φ of the tractor and the turning angle α of its driven wheels was registered and the maximum value of the related correlation function was 0.9. Moreover, the phase (time) shift between the disturbing torque and the response to it by the tractor operator did not exceed 0.75 s. The use of the proposed aggregate allowed laying tracks with a depth of 21.2 ± 0.3 cm and vibrations in a longitudinal vertical plane, whose dispersion was not more than 2 cm2 and was concentrated in a fairly narrow frequency range from 0 to 1.78 Hz
Theoretical Study of Transverse Offsets of Wide Span Tractor Working Implements and Their Influence on Damage to Row Crops
Get PDFWide span tractors have a wide transversal bar, on which different implements can be mounted, while the supporting wheels follow the set trac-lanes. The stability of wide span tractor movement is influenced by unbroken small angular deviations and transversal displacements of the machine due to several factors. These deflections from the set trajectories affect the working implements, especially the peripheral ones, which can cut the plants if wide span tractors are used to manage row crops. In this context, it needs to consider a safeguard zone that allows to reduce the probability of contact between working implements and plants. The aim of this paper was to determine the quantitative effect of transverse displacements of the working implements and the suitable size of the aforesaid safeguard zone. The magnitude of the inner and outer displacements of the working implements depends significantly on their location in relation to the center of the wide span tractor. For working implements located outside the center of the tractor, the outer safeguard zone should be larger than the inner zone. The probability of crop damage by working implements can be reduced by automated control of wide span tractor movement
GEORGES V. FLOROVSKY AND VLADIMIR N. LOSSKY: AN EXPLORATION, COMPARISON AND DEMONSTRATION OF THEIR UNIQUE APPROACHES TO THE NEOPATRISTIC SYNTHESIS
Get PDFThe main purpose of this thesis is to explore and compare the unique approaches to the neopatristic synthesis of Georges V. Florovsky and Vladimir N. Lossky. I will also demonstrate how these differences are manifested in their doctrine of creation. But first, to place their works in context, I consider their respective histories, views of Tradition, and methodologies. As a minor theme, I will show that both men were influenced by the Sophiological controversy: Fr. Sergius Bulgakov and Fr. Pavel Florensky are unseen interlocutors, to very different effects, in both Florovsky and Lossky. One main concern that arises is what truly determines Orthodox theology.
Florovsky’s method is very historical, and his view of Tradition follows the neopatristic synthesis quite closely, even programmatically. His premise that God created freely, coupled with the absolute ontological distinction between creature and Creator, leads him to the conclusion that man is absolutely free and undetermined. This is the foundation of his personalist theology. Yet most of his work on creation is in hidden contradistinction to Russian religious philosophy, specifically the Sophiology of Bulgakov.
Lossky’s work is also based on the Fathers, but he adds much that is his own creative theological work. He does not follow the neopatristic synthesis as programmatically as Florovsky. The basis of Lossky’s entire anthropology is found, by way of analogy, in his Trinitarian theology. But the major difference between his work and Florovsky’s is that Lossky is indebted to Russian religious philosophy: he shares much with the work of Florensky, as well as some of the intuitions of Bulgakov. This is particularly apparent in his concepts of the image of God in man and of the person. But he also arrives at his personalism through his apophatic method, applied in a universal manner, and his true synthesis of the Fathers with contemporary thought
Mathematical model of the movement of a potato body along the surface of a spiral separator
Get PDFThe potato is grown in over one hundred countries spread over all latitudes, with the most diverse climatic conditions, from the areas near the Arctic Circle to the southern end of the South American continent. The potato is an irreplaceable component of the food tradition of many countries and is the most cultivated species after cereals (wheat, rice and corn). The authors set up and developed a new clod and rubbish spiral separator for potatoes, which is protected by the patent of Ukraine. The operation modalities of this machine are briefly described in the paper. The aim of this study is the development of a mathematical model concerning the movement of a potato body along the surface the spiral separator. In particular, equations are found for determining the coordinates of the position of a potato tuber on the surface of a spiral separator depending on the parameters of the spiral (spiral line) and the size of the tuber. Furthermore, the velocity of tuber movement in the stream formed by the surfaces of two neighboring spirals in the direction of the horizontal, vertical and longitudinal axis are determined. The results of this study will be used in the future to analytically considering the dynamics of movement of a potato tuber on the surface of a spiral separator, taking into account the conditions that exclude its damage
The theory of sifting the soil mass when cleaning potatoes on a spiral separator
Get PDFThe removal of soil and impurities is an important problem when harvesting potatoes. and the main reason for this problem is due to the modalities employed to carry out the potatoes mechanical harvesting. The equipments currently implemented on potato harvesters do not always allow to obtain high levels of soil and impurities separation, mainly due to the gluing of the moist soil to the surfaces of the separating organs. The authors have developed a spiral separator of soil clods from potatoes heaps, patented in Ukraine. The purpose of this paper has been to analyze the theory of sifting the soil mass when a spiral separator is used. A mathematical model of the motion of an elementary body along the spiral surface of a potato heap separator has been built. The numerical solution of the model has highlighted that the lowest angular speed (10 rad s-1) of the cleaning rollers allows the greatest amount of sifted soil mass. Field tests carried out confirmed that the developed spiral separator is able to perform the task achieving meaningful values of the efficiency of separation and heap purity. Further field and laboratory tests will be executed in order to improve the set up mathematical model
Reduction in Energy Consumption by Mitigation of Cultivation Resistance Due to the New Fallow Harrow Concept
No full textOne of the best precursors for winter wheat is fallow. Its application aims to solve two important tasks: preserving and accumulating soil moisture and weed control. The authors of this paper have designed a new modular harrow for fallow tillage, which can work stably at a depth of 5–6 cm tillage while maintaining and even accumulating soil moisture. This article describes a method designed by the authors for a reasonable selection of the design parameters concerning the working devices mounted inside the new harrow, such as their length and working width, as well as the angles of vertical inclination ((Formula presented.)) and horizontal deviation ((Formula presented.)) of blades, depending on the accepted depth of the upper soil layer loosening. To reduce the soil tillage resistance of the harrowing unit resulting in a reduction in the tractor fuel consumption, the value of the inclination angle (ε) of its vertical blade should be chosen so that the corresponding change in the value of the deflection angle of the horizontal blade (γ) complies with the constrain of the product of tangents of these angles. Moreover, preference should be given to choosing the value of the angle ε with the subsequent determination of the angle γ value. It is demonstrated that proper use of the new type of harrow assures fuel savings and decreases carbon dioxide emissions even if fossil fuel alone is used. Additional reduction of CO2 emission can be achieved when biofuels are used as a replacement for fossil ones
Experimental investigations in draft resistance of spherical working tool of disk harrow
Get PDFSpherical working tools find wide application in soil tillage, particularly in various designs of harrows. Despite the many advantages and many years' practical use, there is a need for a detailed assessment of the power characteristics of spherical disks when interacting with different types of soil in order to improve labour efficiency and reduce the specific energy costs. Experimental investigations were carried out under the field conditions using an experimental installation and specimens of tillage tools. In order to study the draft resistance of the working tool, the tensometry method was used. The obtained data were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics, as well as the dispersion and regression analysis using a PC and the corresponding software. According to the results of the research a special methodology was proposed for the determination of the power characteristics of a spherical disk working tool depending on the conditions of its operation, provided that the technological process is ensured. Using the results of the experimental studies, regression equations were obtained and the dependences of energy consumption upon the operating conditions of the spherical disk working tool were constructed. The tractive force of the spherical disk varies within the range from 88.2 N (at the depth of 6 cm) to 1985.0 N (at the depth of h = 18 cm)
Kinematic discrepancy between driving wheels evaluated for a modular traction device
No full textOne of the options for increasing the versatility of tractors is to use them as a part of a modular traction device (MTD). The model MTD-100 consists of a power-generator module and a technical module. The power-generator module is a tractor with a nominal traction force of 14–16 kN. The technical module is an additional axle with wheels driven by the power-generator module ground speed power take-off. For agricultural implements whose traction resistance does not exceed 16 kN, only the tractor is used. When the technical module is attached to it, the traction force of the entire MTD-100 increases. The MTD-100 makes it possible to tow implements with a traction resistance of up to 30 kN. Since the rear wheels of the power-generator module are connected by a locked drive to the wheels of the technical module, there is a kinematic discrepancy Kv between them. Our studies have established that the greater the Kv value, the greater is the inflation pressure of the tyres on the wheels of the MTD-100 power-generator and technical modules. If it is necessary to ballast the MTD-100 technical module, the inflation pressure of its tyres should be increased. This makes it possible to maintain the value of the kinematic discrepancy coefficient Kv unchanged. Replacement of the standard 16.9R38 tyres with15.5R38 tyres on the rear wheels of the power-generator module and the wheels of the technical module of the MTD-100 requires practically no adjustment to their inflation pressure
A mathematical model of the plane-parallel movement of an asymmetric machine-and-tractor aggregate
Get PDFTechnological peculiarities of cultivation and harvesting of some agricultural crops make it necessary to use asymmetric machine-and-tractor aggregates. However, for the time being there is no sufficiently complete, analytical study of the steady movement of such machine-and-tractor aggregates. This necessitates the development of a theory of stable movement of the aggregates which would allow choosing their optimal kinematic and design parameters. On the basis of the results of mathematical simulation, a system of linear differential equations of the second order is obtained describing transverse displacement of the center of masses of the aggregating wheeled tractor and turning of its longitudinal axis of symmetry by some angle around the indicated center of mass, as well as the deviation angle of the rear-trailed harvester from the longitudinal axis of the tractor at any arbitrary moment of time. This system of differential equations can be applied for numerical calculations on the PC, which will make it possible to evaluate the stability of the movement of the asymmetric machine-and-tractor aggregate when it performs the technological process
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