1,721,184 research outputs found
Recenti sviluppi tecnologici dei sistemi che utilizzano la conducibilità elettrica del latte per il monitoraggio dello stato di salute delle capre=Recent technological developments of systems that use the electrical conductivity of milk to monitor the health status of goats
No full textIn ruminants, infections by pathogenic microorganisms can be the origin of mastitis and they can affect both yields and quality of milk. The health status of mammary glands can be investigated through standardized laboratory analyses such as bacteriological analyses and the somatic cells count. These analyses need their relative times to be performed. For this reason, researchers have studied new markers and indexes able to detect, early and directly at the farm, the presence of udder pathologies with a specific focus on sub-clinical cases. In dairy cows, the electrical conductivity of milk has been the most studied parameter. In dairy goats, only recently the same trend has been observed although similar advantages, in terms of udder health, could be reached when the monitoring of the herd is performed. In this review, we present a detailed description of which is the current knowledge of this parameter and which is its detection characteristic when applied to milk from dairy goats in order to identify mastitis cases. The results of this review show that significant correlations between the mean values of electrical conductivity and the health status of mammary glands have been reported by many authors. Furthermore, different algorithms based on univariate or multivariate models have been tested with useful sensitivities and specificities. Therefore, this parameter can be considered as a tool to improve the monitoring of the mammary health status, also for dairy goats. However, the knowledge of the relationship between this parameter and the presence of mammary gland' pathologies should be improved. Furthermore, technological aspects related to the milking systems should be taken into account. In fact new sensors, able to measure this data on-line and for single gland, are necessary if the target is to use this technology in milking machines with performances comparable with those obtained with dairy cows
Investigation on a bio-hygienizing additive for oral use in dairy cows : effect on milk somatic cell count
No full text
Induction of general anaesthesia by rapid injection of propofol and dexmedetomidine or propofol and buthorphanol: cardiopulmonary and echocardiographic parameters in unpremedicated dogs
No full text2011 The Authors. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
20 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists, 38, 1–35 Induction of general anaesthesia by rapid
injection of propofol and dexmedetomidine
or propofol and butorphanol:
cardiopulmonary and echocardiographic
parameters in unpremedicated dogs
G Ravasio, L Borghi, D Fonda, P Brambilla, V Bronzo,
J Cincotti & C Locatelli
Universita` degli Studi di Milano, Facolta` di Medicina
Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 (MI) Italy
The aim was to compare quality of induction,
echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary effects of
two different general anaesthesia induction protocols.
Twelve dogs (ASA I-II) were assigned randomly
into two groups. Both groups received a rapid bolus
of propofol (2.2 mg kg)1 IV) immediately followed
by a rapid bolus of dexmedetomidine 3 lg kg)1 IV
(group A) or butorphanol 0MAP, SAP (NIBP) were recorded and 2, 5, 10, 15,
20 minutes after drug administration. Induction
quality, intubation time, additional propofol dose to
achieve intubation, sedation score (Fernandez et al.
2005) and adverse effects were recorded. Echocardiogram
was performed at baseline and immediately
after tracheal intubation. Data were analyzed using
repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon test
(p < 0.05).
Induction quality, intubation time (A: 75 ± 25,
B: 145 ± 66.8 seconds) were statistically different
between groups, HR was statistically lower in group
A compared to baseline (62 ± 23; 101 ± 23), fR
was not statistically different between groups but
lower than baseline in group A, NIBP was statistically
higher in group A and lower in group B
compared to baseline. Body temperature, SpO2,
PE¢CO2 were not statistically different. No apnoea
(>30 seconds) or emesis were recorded. Five group
B dogs required additional propofol (1.1 ± 0.7
mg kg)1 IV) to achieve tracheal intubation. Left
ventricular end-diastolic diameter was statistically
lower in group B and statistically higher in group A
compared to baseline. Cardiac output decrease was
18.5% in group A and 24.4% in group B.
Quality of induction was better in group A.
Echocardiographic parameters varied compared to
baseline in both groups but remained within normal
ranges for adult dogs (Cornell et al. 2004).
References: Fernandez JG, Parodi E, Garcia P et al.
(2005) Clinical action of subarachnoid sevoflurane
in vivo: a study in dogs. Brit J Anaesth 95(4), 530–
534.
Cornell CC, Kittleson MD, Della Torre P et al.
(2004) Allometric scaling of M-Mode cardiac measurements
in normal adult dogs. J Vet Intern med
18(3), 311–321..4 mg kg)1 IV (group B)
administered by a blinded operator. Baseline HR
Follow up study on PMNs and cytokine activities in cows infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus
No full textBreed-specific fetal biometry and factors affecting the prediction of whelping date in the German shepherd dog
Full text linkTo date many studies have been published about predicting parturition by ultrasonographic fetal measurements in the bitch. Given that accuracy in such prediction is a key point for clinicians and breeders, formulas to calculate the whelping date were mainly obtained from small and medium sized dogs, which means poor accuracy when applied to large or giant breeds.
Based on the evidence that ethnicity significantly affects fetal biometry in humans, this study aimed at developing a breed-specific linear regression model for estimating parturition date in the German shepherd dog. For this purpose, serial ultrasonographic measurements of the inner chorionic cavity diameter (ICC) and the fetal bi parietal diameter (BP) were collected in 40 pregnant German shepherd bitches. The quality of the regression models for estimating parturition date was further verified in 22 other pregnant German shepherd bitches. Accuracy related to the prediction of parturition date was higher than previously reported: 94.5% and 91.7% within +/- 2 days interval based on ICC and BP measurements, respectively. Additional investigation was performed on the effects of maternal weight, age and litter size in relation to fetal biometry and to accuracy of parturition estimation. Moreover, the study included a comparison between hormonal and fetal ultrasound (ICC and BP) measurements connected to the estimation of whelping date.
We suggest that specific equations from a single breed are likely to offer excellent accuracy, comparable to that of periovulatory progesteronemia, in parturition prediction and to avoid morphological variables present in dogs of different breeds even with the same size/weight
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