374 research outputs found
Interview with Vladimir B. Braginsky
No full textInterview, January 15, 1997, with Vladimir B. Braginsky, experimental physicist, Moscow State University.
Recalls family background and childhood in the USSR during World War II. Matriculates at Moscow State University 1955, PhD 1959, joins faculty 1969. Work with Y. B. Zel'dovich on search for quarks and detection of gravitational radiation; work with Vitaly Ginzburg on detecting time dependence of gravitational constant. Comments on Andrei Sakharov. Joins Communist Party in Khrushchev era. Science hierarchy in the USSR. Constraints on foreign travel. Meets John A. Wheeler in 1968 at international conference; gives a talk on quantum measurement; invited to visit Princeton, Harvard, University of Maryland, and Caltech, 1970. Discusses Joseph Weber's gravitational-wave experiment. Admiration for Kip S. Thorne. Early impressions of LIGO project on visits to Caltech in 1981 and 1984. His group at Moscow State University becomes LIGO collaborator. Comments on 1962 work of M. E. Gerzenstein and V. I. Pustovoit in gravitational-wave detection. Visit from Thorne in Moscow, 1977, with invitation to join LIGO. Comments on R. W. P. Drever and Rainer Weiss; on disagreements between Drever and Rochus (Robbie) Vogt, LIGO director 1987-1994. Fairchild Scholar at Caltech, 1990; LIGO's technical difficulties; project's disarray. Expresses optimism re LIGO directorship of Barry Barish and potential improvements in LIGO sensitivity. His laboratory's work on mirror suspension
Zürich, Braginsky Collection, B115 : <i>Sefer Mitzvot Katan</i> (Small Book of Commandments)
No full textIsaac of Corbeil († 1280) is the author of this halakhic Small Book of Commandments also known as Sefer Mitzvot Katan (abbreviated SeMaK). This abridged version of the 613 positive and negative biblical commandments, and a few additional rabbinic ones, has been divided into seven daily sections to be read sequentially and completed once a week. After becoming popular in France, the SeMaK quickly reached Germany, where it was recognized as an authoritative halakhic work. This manuscript, B115, is the latest of the three manuscripts in the Braginsky Collection (also B240 and B182), exemplifying the complex diffusion of the SeMaK in Germany. The glosses are the work of Moses of Zurich, who lived in Zurich in the middle of the fourteenth century. Consequently, manuscripts containing Moses\u27 glosses are called the Zürcher. Often comments and glosses in the form of rectangular shaped “windows” were added in the margins or in the text itself, producing aesthetically pleasing and imaginative page layouts. By not identifying the sources of these glosses, scribes frequently created difficulties in determining authorship of the commentaries.Online Since: 2016-10-1
(First published in Moscow in 1981 as ‘‘Sistemis Maloi Dissipatsiei’’) by V. B. Braginsky, V. P. Mitrofanov, and V. I. Panov (Translated by Erast Gliner)
No full text
Thermoelastic-Damping Noise from Sapphire Mirrors in a Fundamental-Noise-Limited Interferometer
No full textWe report the first high-precision interferometer using large sapphire mirrors, and we present the first direct, broadband measurements of the fundamental thermal noise in these mirrors. Our results agree well with the thermoelastic-damping noise predictions of Braginsky, et al. [V. B. Braginsky, M. L. Gorodetsky, and S. P. Vyatchanin, Phys. Lett. A 264, 1 (1999)] and Cerdonio et al. [M. Cerdonio, L. Conti, A. Heidmann, and M. Pinard, Phys. Rev. D 63, 082003 (2001)], which have been used to predict the astrophysical reach of advanced interferometric gravitational wave detectors
Zürich, Braginsky Collection, B133 : <i>Tefillah le-Moshe</i> (Moses\u27 Prayers; mystical intentions)
No full textThe author of the text of this manuscript, Moses ben Jacob Cordovero (1522-1570), was considered one of the leading figures of the kabbalistic movement in the city of Safed (Upper Galilee), which became the new center of the kabbalistic movement after the expulsion of the Jews from the Iberian Peninsula. One of the most important concepts among the kabbalists of Safed was that of mystical prayer, whilst the central concept in this doctrine was that of kavvanah (mystical intention; plural, kavvanot). The Tefillah le-Moshe (Moses\u27 Prayers) contains kavvanot for weekdays and the Shabbat. The round Hebrew cursive, semi-cursive, and square scripts used in the manuscript are enhanced by a variety of pen-work foliage designs. On the title page the scribe referred to himself as “young and insignificant, worm and not a man, AR”I in the city of Modena.” Ari is the Hebrew word for “lion”, but should be understood here as an abbreviation of the copyist’s name, perhaps the well-known writer Juday Aryeh (Leone) Modena (1571-1648).Online Since: 2016-10-1
Characterization of a home-built low temperature scanning probe microscopy system
No full textThe continuing advancement of technology is the driving force behind science and fundamental research.
Scanning probe instruments still have a major impact in nanoscience and technology, because they provide
a link between the macroscopic world and the atomic scale. The key to a reliable performance of
experiments at the nanometer scale is the instrumentation, that allows probe positioning ranging from
micrometers to Ångstroms with sub atomic precisions.
A new type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) system operating in ultra high vacuum (UHV) and at liquid
Helium (LHe) temperature was developed. This offers the advantages that even reactive surfaces remain
clean over time periods of several days, permitting long time experiments. Moreover, these experiments
this low temperature scanning probe microscopy (LTSPM) system is the implementation of a focussing Fabry
Perot interferometer (fFPi) that allows the following features:
- Small amplitude operations and stiff cantilevers require sensors with high deflection sensitivity.
With the fFPi in this low temperature SPM system, a deflection sensitivity of 4fm/ sqrt(Hz) at 1MHz can
be obtained.
- Wide detection bandwidth (DC-10MHz) enables the operation of higher flexural oscillation modes as
well as the torsional modes of the cantilever.
- A laser spot size of 3µm allows the use of ultra small cantilevers with the dimensions 1/10 of
conventional cantilevers.
- Photothermal excitation of cantilevers avoids undesirable mechanical vibrations near the cantilever
resonance frequency.
- Simultaneous flexural and torsional force detection provides quantitative studies of frictions and
thus, atom manipulations by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
- The combination of both types of microscopes (simultaneous AFM/STM) reveals more information than a
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) or AFM alone.
A series of measurements on Si(111)7x7, herringbone superstructure of Au(111) and highly oriented pyrolytic
graphite (HOPG) provides information regarding imaging performance of the system. Among these performance
tests are atomically resolved scans at three different operating temperatures in STM mode. In non-contact
atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) mode, imaging was performed with the cantilever driven at the fundamental
and 2nd oscillation mode. Additional measurements were performed with the fFPi in order to quantify the
impact of the laser cooling effects (radiation pressure and photothermal effects) on the oscillating cantilever
at three different operating temperatures.
The aim of this work is the development, implementation and characterization of a new low temperature scanning
probe microscope with an ultra sensitive and high bandwidth fFPi deflection sensor, suitable for nc-AFM
operations with small, simultaneous flexural and torsional cantilever oscillation modes. Furthermore, expected
upgrades will allow simultaneous nc-AFM/STM operations.
Keywords: low temperature home-built simultaneous STM/ nc-AFM, tip-sample gap stability, PLL and self-excitation,
highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), reconstructed Si(111)7x7, herringbone superstructure, focussing
Fabry-Perot interferometer, cantilever cooling, radiation pressure and photothermal effects.
Der kontinuierliche, technologische Fortschritt ist die treibende Kraft hinter Wissenschaft und Grundlagenforschung.
Rasterkraft und -tunnel Instrumente haben immer noch einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Nanotechnologie und -wissenschaft,
weil sie eine Verbindung zwischen der makroskopischen Welt und den atomaren Massstäben darstellen. Der Schlüssel für
eine zuverlässige Ausführung von Experimenten mit Nanometer Massstäben ist die Instrumentierung, die eine
Spitzenpositionierung von Mikrometer bis Ångstroms mit subatomarer Präzision erlaubt.
Ein neuartiges Rasterspitzen Mikroskop (SPM) System wurde entwickelt, das im Ultra Hoch Vakuum (UHV) und bei flüssig
Helium Temperaturen arbeitet. Dies bietet Vorteile weil sogar reaktive Oberflächen über eine Dauer von einigen Tagen
sauber bleiben, was eine längere Experimentierphase zulässt. Zusätzlich zeigen diese Experimente bei tiefen Temperaturen
weitere Vorteile wie kleine Driftwerte und tiefe Piezo Kriechraten. Der Ansatz bei diesem Tieftemperatur Rasterspitzen
Mikroskop System ist die Implementierung eines fokussierenden Fabry Perot Interferometers das die folgenden Eigenschaften
vorweist:
- Der Betrieb bei kleinen Amplituden und mit steifen Cantilever setzt Sensoren mit einer hohen Ablenkempfindlichkeit
voraus. Mit diesem fokussierenden Fabry Perot Interferometer (fFPi) kann eine Ablenkempfindlichkeit von 4fm/ sqrt(Hz)
bei 1MHz erreicht werden.
- Detektion mit einer grossen Bandbreite (DC-10MHz) erlauben einen Betrieb von Cantilever mit flexuralen und
torsionalen Oszillation Modi.
- Ein Laser mit einem Brennpunkt von 3µm lässt einen Betrieb mit einem ultra kleinen Cantilever zu, der 1/10 so gross
ist wie ein konventioneller Cantilever.
- Photothermische Anregung eines Cantilevers vermeidet unerwünschte mechanische Vibrationen rund um die Resonanzfrequenz.
- Gleichzeitige flexural und torsional Kraftdetektion erlauben quantitative Untersuchungen von Reibungen und daher
atomare Manipulationen mit Rasterkraft Mikroskopie (AFM).
- Die Kombination und simultanen Betrieb von beiden Rasterspitzen Mikroskopen (AFM/STM) zeigen mehr Information als ein
Raster Tunnel Mikroskop (STM) alleine.
Eine Serie von Messungen mit Si(111)7x7, Herringbone Superstrukturen auf Au(111) und Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG)
geben Information bezüglich der Leistungen des Systems preis. Einige dieser Leistungstests sind atomar aufgelöste Abbildungen
bei drei unterschiedlichen Betriebstemperaturen im STM Betriebsart. Im nicht-Kontakt AFM (nc-AFM) Betriebsart, Abbildungen sind
ausgeführt worden auf der Grundschwingung und der zweiten Oberschwingung. Zusätzliche Messungen wurden mit dem fFPi ausgeführt
um den Einfluss der Laserkühlung auf den oszillierenden Cantilever bei drei unterschiedlichen Betriebstemperaturen zu quantifizieren.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung, Implementation und Charakterisierung eines neuen Tieftemperatur Rasterspitzen Mikroskops
mit einem ultra-empfindlichen und Breitband fokussierenden Fabry Perot Interferometer Ablenk Sensor, geeignet für den nicht-Kontakt
AFM Betrieb mit kleinen, simultanen flexural und torsional Cantilever Schwingungsmodi. Naheliegende Erweiterungen des Systems
gewährleisten einen simultan nc-AFM/STM Betrieb.
Schlüsselwörter: Tieftemperatur simultan nc-AFM/STM aus Eigenbau, Spitzen-Probe Spalt Stabilität, PLL und Eigenanregungsbetrieb,
Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG), reconstrukturiertes Si(111)7x7, Herringbone Superstruktur, fokussierenden Fabry Perot
Interferometer, Cantilever Kühlung, Strahlendruck und photothermische Effekte
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics V. 97, I. 01
No full textJournal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics -- July 2003
Volume 97, Issue 1, pp. 1-215
GRAVITATION, ASTROPHYSICS
A Multidimensional Global Monopole and Nonsingular Cosmology
K. A. Bronnikov and B. E. Meierovich
pp. 1-9 Full Text: PDF (112 kB)
NUCLEI, PARTICLES, AND THEIR INTERACTION
The Symmetry, Inferable from Bogoliubov Transformation, between Processes Induced by a Mirror in Two-Dimensional and a Charge in Four-Dimensional Space–time
V. I. Ritus
pp. 10-23 Full Text: PDF (159 kB)
Measurement of the Relative Probability of the Decay phi --> eta[prime]gamma in the Channel eta[prime] --> etapi0pi0, eta --> gammagamma
V. M. Aulchenko, M. N. Achasov, S. E. Baru, K. I. Beloborodov, A. V. Berdyugin, A. G. Bogdanchikov, A. V. Bozhenok, A. D. Bukin, D. A. Bukin, A. V. Vasilev, V. B. Golubev, T. V. Dimova, V. P. Druzhinin, V. N. Ivanchenko, I. A. Koop, A. A. Korol, S. V. Koshuba, A. P. Lysenko, A. V. Otboev, E. V. Pakhtusova, A. A. Salnikov, S. I. Serednyakov, V. A. Sidorov, Z. K. Silagadze, V. V. Shary, and Yu. M. Shatunov
pp. 24-33 Full Text: PDF (133 kB)
ATOMS, SPECTRA, RADIATION
Elastic Scattering of Slow Positrons on Atoms
M. Ya. Amusia, N. A. Cherepkov, and L. V. Chernysheva
pp. 34-41 Full Text: PDF (110 kB)
PLASMA, GASES
Distribution and Evolution of Electrons in a Cluster Plasma Created by a Laser Pulse
M. B. Smirnov
pp. 42-48 Full Text: PDF (75 kB)
The Synthesis of Organic Molecules in a Laser Plasma Similar to the Plasma That Emerges in Hypervelocity Collisions of Matter at the Early Evolutionary Stage of the Earth and in Interstellar Clouds
G. G. Managadze
pp. 49-60 Full Text: PDF (136 kB)
Relaxation of a 2D MHD Flow across a Magnetic Field (2D Hydrodynamic Flow) in a Bounded Region
S. F. Garanin, O. A. Amelicheva, O. M. Burenkov, G. G. Ivanova, and V. N. Sofronov
pp. 61-69 Full Text: PDF (120 kB)
SOLIDS
Structure
Anomalous Low-Temperature Behavior of the Thermal Characteristics of MgB2
N. V. Anshukova, B. M. Bulychev, A. I. Golovashkin, L. I. Ivanova, I. B. Krynetskii, A. A. Minakov, and A. P. Rusakov
pp. 70-77 Full Text: PDF (106 kB)
On the Coordinate of a Singular Point of Time Correlation Functions for the System of Nuclear Magnetic Moments of a Crystal
V. E. Zobov and M. A. Popov
pp. 78-84 Full Text: PDF (77 kB)
Nonlinear Dynamics of Semiclassical Spin in a Time-dependent Magnetic Field
A. K. Zvezdin and D. I. Plokhov
pp. 85-92 Full Text: PDF (105 kB)
Heat Capacity Anomaly in the Vicinity of the Tricritical and Upper Critical Points
V. P. Voronov, E. E. Gorodetskii, and A. T. Berestov
pp. 93-100 Full Text: PDF (101 kB)
On the Accuracy of Various Statistical Methods for Describing Ordering Phase Transitions in BCC Alloys
V. G. Vaks and I. R. Pankratov
pp. 101-115 Full Text: PDF (185 kB)
Electronic Properties
Magnetic Field Effects on the Phonon Thermal Electromotive Force in n-Bi–Sb Semiconducting Alloys
N. A. Red'ko, V. D. Kagan, N. A. Rodionov, and V. I. Pol'shin
pp. 116-126 Full Text: PDF (147 kB)
Terahertz Radiation of Bloch Oscillators Excited by an Electromagnetic Field in Lateral Semiconductor Superlattices
E. P. Dodin and A. A. Zharov
pp. 127-137 Full Text: PDF (158 kB)
The Distribution of Equilibrium Magnetization Currents in Systems with Dimensional Quantization in a Finite Magnetic Field
L. I. Magarill, M. M. Makhmudian, and M. V. Éntin
pp. 138-143 Full Text: PDF (112 kB)
Collapse of Static Magnetization of Type II Anisotropic Superconductors
I. F. Voloshin, A. V. Kalinov, L. M. Fisher, A. A. Levchenko, and V. A. Yampol'skii
pp. 144-153 Full Text: PDF (126 kB)
Phase Diagram of Surface Superconductivity
V. I. Marchenko and E. R. Podolyak
pp. 154-161 Full Text: PDF (103 kB)
High-Field Autosolitons in an Electron–Hole Plasma in p-Ge
M. N. Vinoslavskii and A. V. Kravchenko
pp. 162-173 Full Text: PDF (256 kB)
The Surface Energy of an Electron Gas in Model Crystals
M. V. Éntin and L. S. Braginsky
pp. 174-179 Full Text: PDF (74 kB)
NONLINEAR PHYSICS
The Fourth-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation for the Envelope of Stokes Waves on the Surface of a Finite-Depth Fluid
Yu. V. Sedletsky
pp. 180-193 Full Text: PDF (159 kB)
Multiparameter Family of Collapsing Solutions to the Critical Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in Dimension D = 2
Yu. N. Ovchinnikov and I. M. Sigal
pp. 194-203 Full Text: PDF (119 kB)
MISCELLANEOUS
An Exact Theory of Imaging with a Parabolic Continuously Refractive X-ray Lens
V. G. Kohn
pp. 204-215 Full Text: PDF (143 kB)Archived web conten
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