2,349 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X231180651 – Supplemental material for Effective method for upcycling construction and demolition waste into concrete: A life cycle approach
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X231180651 for Effective method for upcycling construction and demolition waste into concrete: A life cycle approach by Abhijit Mistri, Venkata Ravi Sankar Cheela, Brajesh Kumar Dubey, Navdeep Dhami, Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya, Abhijit Mukherjee and Sudhirkumar V Barai in Waste Management & Research</p
On the power laws of language: word frequency distributions
Get PDFAbout eight decades ago, Zipf postulated that the word frequency distribution of languages is a power law, i.e., it is a straight line on a log-log plot. Over the years, this phenomenon has been documented and studied extensively. For many corpora, however, the empirical distribution barely resembles a power law: when plotted on a loglog scale, the distribution is concave and appears to be composed of two differently sloped straight lines joined by a smooth curve. A simple generative model is proposed to capture this phenomenon. Theword frequency distributions produced by this model are shown to match the observations both analytically and empirically. © 2017 Copyright held by the owner/author(s)
Synthesis, degradation and nanoparticulate applications of carboxylated (ABA)n type block copolymers of lactic acid (A) and ethylene glycol (B) for drug delivery
No full textOziotelphusa ravi Raj & Kumar & Ng 2017, new species
No full textOziotelphusa ravi, new species (Figs. 1–5, 6A, 7A, B, 8A, B, 9A, B) Material examined. Holotype: male (41.5 × 30.4 mm) (ZSI), in ditches and rice field near Nagercoil, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, 8°18’51.792”N, 77°25’20.111”E, coll. R. Ravineesh & R. S. Albert, 22 March 2017. Paratypes: 1 male (45.4 × 33.5 mm), 2 females (45.0 × 34.0 mm, 44.5 × 32.8 mm) (ZRC 2017.158), 2 females (54.3 × 42.8 mm, 49.6 × 35.7 mm) (DABFUK), same data as holotype. Comparative material. Oziotelphusa biloba Bahir & Yeo, 2005: holotype male (41.8 × 29.8 mm) (ZRC 2003.0246), Kodagara Village on Trissur-Chalakudy road, Kerala, India, 10°21’30.7"N, 076°08’45.0"E, 6 m, coll. 2005. Oziotelphusa kerala Bahir & Yeo, 2005: holotype male (38.3 × 27.8 mm) (ZRC 2003.0244), Kolaththuppuzha-Tenmalai Road, Kerala, India, 08°54’12.7”N, 077°32’7.2”E, 120 m, coll. 2005. Diagnosis. Carapace dorsal surface strongly convex (Figs. 1A, 2E, F, 3A, B, 5A, 6A); cristate margins of median tooth of posterior margin of epistome fused distally, forming distinct bilobed tip in anterior view, more prominent in males (Fig. 3C, 7A, 8A, B); frontal margin straight in dorsal view; epibranchial tooth small, above lateral edge of postorbital crista, level with supraorbital margin (Figs. 1A, 2E, F, 3A, B, 5A, 6A); postorbital region moderately narrow, concave (Figs. 1A, 3A, B, 5A, 6A, 7A); postorbital cristae entire, sharp, gently sinuous (Figs. 3B); branchial region highly inflated (Figs. 1A, 3A, B, 5A, 6A, 7A); frontal median triangle as broad as frontal margin, dorsal margin not fused with lateral margins (Figs. 3C, 7A). Suture between anterior thoracic sternites 2 and 3 visible as a deep, narrow groove barely reaching lateral margins; suture between sternites 3 and 4 distinct as a moderately broad, deep groove reaching lateral borders as barely discernible depression (Figs. 3D, 7B). Male pleon broadly triangular, somite 6 narrowly trapezoidal, slightly wider than long with concave lateral margins (Fig. 3D, E). G1 terminal segment ca. 0.3 × length of subterminal segment, sharply bent outwards at angle of about 45° (along longitudinal axis), conical, tapering gradually to truncate tip, proximal part of outer margin of subterminal segment with prominent deep concavity (Figs. 3G, 4A–E). G2 ca. 1.2 times length of G1, distal segment ca. 0.5 × length of basal segment (Fig. 4F, G). Description of male. Carapace broader than long; dorsal surface strongly convex (Figs. 1A, 2E, F, 3A, B, 6A, 7A; frontal margin straight in dorsal view, frontal median triangle as broad as frontal margin, dorsal margin not fused with lateral margins (Figs. 1A, 2E, F, 3A–C, 6A, 7A); suborbital regions rugose, glabrous; pterygostomial region smooth, glabrous (Fig. 3C, 7A); epigastric cristae distinct, slightly anterior of postorbital cristae; epigastric groove Y-shaped (Fig. 3B); cervical groove deep, narrow; H-shaped groove distinct; external orbital tooth prominent, broadly triangular, tip almost in line with frontal margin, clearly demarcated from epibranchial teeth by a V-shaped notch, outer margin concave, inner margin gently curved, joins supraorbital margin; epibranchial tooth distinct, small, blunt, above lateral edge of postorbital crista, level with supraorbital margin; anterolateral margin strongly convex, smooth (Figs. 1A, 2E, F, 3A, B, 6A). Subhepatic region rugose (Fig. 3C, 7A). Postorbital region moderately narrow, concave; postorbital cristae entire, sharp, gently sinuous; anterior part of branchial regions distinctly inflated (Fig. 7B). Posterolateral margin gently concave, joins straight posterior carapace margin (Figs. 1A, 2E, F, 3A, B, 6A); orbits relatively rounded, infra- and supraorbital margins with short setae; eyes filling up most of orbital space; eye stalk moderately long, stout; cornea moderately large, pigmented (Figs. 3C, 7A). Supraorbital margin gently concave at edges (Figs. 3C, 7A). Suborbital margin concave, complete, lined with very low, rounded granules (Figs. 3C, 7A). Antennae long, reaching cornea of eyes; antennules long folded in narrow fossae (Figs. 3C, 7A). Posterior margin of epistome with median tooth, lateral cristate margins of tooth fused at tip to form distinct bilobed structure with distinct median notch when viewed frontally, bifurcation extending towards posterior surface of tooth as 2 cristae (Figs. 3C, 7A, 8A, B). Third maxillipeds covering most of buccal cavity when closed; ischium subrectangular, surface pitted, with distinct submedian oblique groove; merus subovate; exopod relatively slender, reaching lower third of merus, with distinct long flagellum reaching almost entire width of merus (Fig. 3F). Chelipeds asymmetrical (Figs. 1, 3A, H, I, 6A); dorsal, ventral and lateral margins of merus lined with low granules, appears weakly serrated. Outer surface of carpus rugose; inner distal angle with prominent sharp tooth (Figs. 1A, 3A, 6A). Major chela stouter than minor chela (Fig. 3I); cutting edges of both fingers with variously sized teeth, median tooth largest; fingers of minor chela similar to that of major chela but palm more slender, other teeth on cutting edges relatively smaller (Fig. 3H). Ambulatory legs slender; second pair longest, last pair shortest (Figs. 3A, 6A). Outer surface of merus slightly rugose, dorsal margin weakly serrated to entire without obvious subdistal spine; outer surface of carpus with submedian cristae on first to third legs, that on fourth leg almost smooth; lateral margins of dactylus with short, sharp chitinous spines (Figs. 3A, 6A). Suture between thoracic sternites 2 and 3 distinct, barely reaching lateral margins; suture between thoracic sternites 3 and 4 deep, lateral parts very shallow, barely discernible (Figs. 3D, G, 7B). Sutures between sternites 4/ 5, 5/6, 6/7 medially interrupted; suture between sternites 7/8 complete (Fig. 3D). Pleonal locking mechanism with prominent but low, anteriorly directed tubercle on submedian part of sternite 5 (Fig. 3D). Sternopleonal cavity deep, reaching imaginary line connecting submedian part of coxae of chelipeds (Figs. 3D, 7A). Pleon broadly T-shaped; somites 1, 2 broadly rectangular, reaching to bases of coxae of last ambulatory legs; somites 3–5 trapezoidal, lateral margins of somites 3–5 strongly convex, convex and gently concave, respectively; somite 6 narrowly trapezoidal, proximal part of outer margin wider than distal margin, lateral margins concave (Figs. 3D, E, 7A). G1 with terminal and subterminal segments clearly demarcated by distinct membranous suture; terminal segment ca. 0.3 times length of subterminal segment, sharply bent outwards at angle of about 45° (along longitudinal axis), conical, tapering gradually to truncate tip, distal surface with numerous very small squamiform spines; subterminal segment moderately stout, broad basally, gently tapering distally, proximal part of outer margin with prominent deep concavity (Figs. 3G, 4A–E). G2 ca. 1.2 × length of G1, with long distal segment, ca. 0.5 × length of basal segment (Fig. 4F, G). Females. The largest paratype female specimen (54.3 × 42.8 mm, DABFUK) resembles the holotype in most non-sexual characters. Its pleon is ovate, covering all the surfaces of the thoracic sternites (Fig. 5B). The vulvae on somite 6 are moderately large, ovate and positioned near the posterior margin of sternite 5 (Fig. 5C). Variation. The form of the median tooth on the posterior margin of the epistome varies slightly between sexes. In males, the cristate lateral margins fused at the tip to form a distinct bilobed structure with a clear median notch when viewed frontally (Fig. 8A), but in female specimens, the notch is relatively less distinct. Colour in life. In males, the dorsal carapace surface is brown with distinct patches of pale orange on the various regions; chelipeds and ambulatory legs light brown with ventral surfaces yellowish-white to white (Fig. 1). Females generally have a similar colour and pattern (Fig. 2C, E) although in one specimen (49.6 × 35.7 mm, DABFUK) the orange patches are almost undiscernible with the carapace appearing a more uniform pale brown (Fig. 2F). Distribution. The species is known only from type locality Keeriparai, near Nagercoil, in Tamil Nadu state, southern India (Fig. 10). Etymology. The species is named after our colleague R. Ravineesh who told us about the rice field crabs in his home village and arranged for family members to help collect material. The name is used as a noun in apposition. Remarks. Oziotelphusa ravi, new species, most closely resembles O. kerala and O. biloba in carapace morphology but can easily be distinguished by its male pleonal and G1 characters. The G1 terminal segment of O. ravi, new species, is relatively stout, cylindrical, gently tapered distally and is distinctly bent laterally outwards at an angle of about 45° along the longitudinal axis, like in O. kerala (Fig. 9F). In O. kerala, however, the G1 terminal segment is relatively longer (Fig. 9F; Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 39B–D); and the G1 subterminal segment is broad with the proximal part of the outer margin gently concave (Fig. 9F; Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 39 B, C), while in O. ravi, new species, the terminal segment is relatively shorter and the subterminal segment is proportionately broader and the proximal part of the outer margin is deeply concave (Figs. 5A, B, 9B). In addition, the male pleonal somite 6 of O. kerala is also proportionately longitudinally more slender than that of O. ravi, new species (Fig. 9E versus Figs. 3E, 9A). The form of the median tooth of the posterior epistomal margin is superficially similar in these two species but in O. kerala, the cristate lateral margins fuse seamlessly at the tip, not forming an bifurcated structure in frontal view, although the inner surface of the tooth does bifurcate (Fig. 8E, F). In O ravi, new species, the tip of the median tooth is distinctly bilobed even in frontal view (Fig. 8A, B). The structure of the median tooth of the posterior epistomal margin in O. biloba and O. ravi, new species, are similar (Fig. 8A–D), but the male pleonal somite 6 of O. biloba is proportionately very slender longitudinally, with the lateral margins prominently concave (Fig. 9C) whereas in O. ravi, new species, it is proportionately broader with less concave margins (Fig. 9A). The G1 structures of O. biloba and O. ravi, new species, are quite different, even though both possess a prominent concavity on the proximal part of the outer margin (Fig. 9B, D). In O. biloba, the G1 terminal segment is more sharply tapering and is prominently bent outwards at almost 90° (Fig. 9D; Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 30 C–H) (G1 terminal segment stouter and bent at only about 45° along the longitudinal axis in O. ravi, new species; Fig. 9B). Oziotelphusa aurantia (Herbst, 1799) and O. bouvieri (Rathbun, 1904) are the other species found in the state of Tamil Nadu and superficially resemble O. ravi, new species, in general carapace features; and both occur in the southeastern part of the state (Bahir & Yeo 2005). Oziotelphusa aurantia can easily be separated from O ravi, new species, in having the tip of the median triangle of the posterior epistomal margin not bilobed (Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 9B) (versus tip distinctly bilobed; Fig. 8A); the male pleonal somite 6 is more trapezoidal in shape with barely concave lateral margins (Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 9A) (versus male pleonal somite 6 narrowly trapezoidal with lateral margins concave; Figs. 3E, 7B); and the G1 subterminal segment is proportionately much stouter with a smaller concavity on the proximal part of the outer margin with the terminal segment less distinctly bent (Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 9C–E, 10A, B) (versus G1 subterminal segment more slender, the proximal part of the outer margin has a prominent deep concavity and the terminal segment is strongly bent 45° along the longitudinal axis; Figs. 4A–E, 9B). Oziotelphusa bouvieri is easily distinguished from O. ravi, new species, in having the epibranchial tooth more prominent and sharper (Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 17A) (versus epibranchial tooth low; Figs. 3A, B, 6A); the tip of the median triangle of the posterior epistomal margin is not bilobed (Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 17B) (versus tip distinctly bilobed; Fig. 8A); the male pleonal somite 6 is proportionately broader (Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 17C) (versus male pleonal somite 6 narrowly trapezoidal with lateral margins concave; Figs. 3E, 7B); and the G1 subterminal proportionately stouter, the proximal part of the outer margin is sinuous without a deep concavity and the terminal segment is relatively shorter and less distinctly bent (Bahir & Yeo 2005: fig. 16A–E) (versus G1 subterminal segment more slender, the proximal part of the outer margin has a prominent deep concavity, and the terminal segment is strongly bent at 45° along the longitudinal axis; Figs. 4A–E, 9B). Ecology. Oziotelphusa ravi, new species, lives in ditches and drainage channels in banana plantations, as well as ponds and rice fields in Tamil Nadu; where the water is slow flowing or stationary (Fig. 2A). The crabs dig relatively deep burrows just above the water level (Fig. 2B), coming out at night to forage on the vegetation in and around the water (Fig. 2C). Many of the adult females collected in the period of study were carrying juvenile crabs underneath their pleon (Fig. 2D). The species faces no immediate threats to its survival as its closely associated with rice fields and other manmade aquatic habitats.Published as part of Raj, Smrithy, Kumar, Appukuttannair Biju & Ng, Peter K. L., 2017, A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Oziotelphusa Müller, 1887 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Tamil Nadu, southern India, pp. 225-236 in Zootaxa 4363 (2) on pages 226-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/109869
Structural and optical studies of rare earth-free bismuth silicate glasses for white light generation
No full textWe report here rare-earth free bismuth silicate based oxyfluoride glasses (70-x) Bi2O3 30SiO(2) xMF (where M = Li, Na & K) with x = 5, 20 & 30 mol% that realizes white light. Bismuth silicate glasses are prepared by melt quenching method and characterized by Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-VIS absorption and emission techniques. From the structural analysis, Raman and FTIR, we are able to find presence of BiO6 structural unit in the samples. Optical band gap values of present glass systems that are obtained from absorption spectra vary from 2.91 eV to 3.21 eV. Optical band gap values shows a correlation with theoretically calculated optical basicity values. Urbach energy calculated from absorption spectra gives a measure of disorder of present glass system. Quantitative description of Bi3+ ion interaction with silicate host lattice has been explored through Huang Rhys factor(S). The quality of white light emission is evaluated by CIE color matching function, color purity (CP) and correlated color temperature (CCT)
Architecture and security issues in fog computing applications Advances in computer and electrical engineering (ACEE) book series./ [edited by] Sam Goundar, S. Bharath Bhushan, Praveen Kumar Rayani.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.As the progression of the internet continues, society is finding easier, quicker ways of simplifying their needs with the use of technology. With the growth of lightweight devices, such as smart phones and wearable devices, highly configured hardware is in heightened demand in order to process the large amounts of raw data that are acquired. Connecting these devices to fog computing can reduce bandwidth and latency for data transmission when associated with centralized cloud solutions and uses machine learning algorithms to handle large amounts of raw data. The risks that accompany this advancing technology, however, have yet to be explored. Architecture and Security Issues in Fog Computing Applications is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the architectural complications of fog processing and focuses on security and privacy issues in intelligent fog applications. While highlighting topics such as machine learning, cyber-physical systems, and security applications, this publication explores the architecture of intelligent fog applications enabled with machine learning. This book is ideally designed for IT specialists, software developers, security analysts, software engineers, academicians, students, and researchers seeking current research on network security and wireless systems.1. Fog resource allocation through machine learning algorithm / Gowri A. S., Shanthi Bala P. -- 2. A novel resource management framework for fog computing by using machine learning algorithm / Shanthi Thangam Manukumar, Vijayalakshmi Muthuswamy -- 3. [Retracted] Security issues in fog computing for Internet of Things / D.N. Kartheek, Bharath Bhushan -- 4. Analysis of identity-based cryptography in Internet of Things (IoT) / Aravind Karrothu, Jasmine Norman -- 5. Cloud security architecture based on fully homomorphic encryption / Vaishali Ravindra Thakare, K. John Singh -- 6. Object detection in fog computing using machine learning algorithms / Peyakunta Bhargavi, Singaraju Jyothi -- 7. Distributed intelligence platform to the edge computing / Xalphonse Inbaraj -- 8. Internet of Things and fog computing applications in intelligent transportation systems / Korupalli V. Rajesh Kumar, K. Dinesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar Poluru, Syed Muzamil Basha, M. Praveen Kumar Reddy -- 9. Agribot / Ravi Kumar Poluru, M. Praveen Kumar Reddy, Rajesh Kaluri, Kuruva Lakshmanna, G. Thippa Reddy -- 10. Towards efficient resource management in fog computing : a survey and future directions / M. Sudhakara, K. Dinesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar Poluru, R. Lokesh Kumar, S. Bharath Bhushan.1 online resource (205 pages)
New candidate for red phosphor applications
No full textIn this paper red luminescence from BaBi(BO3)Ois reported and its origin is discussed with correlation to structure. Sample was prepared through solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction were recorded to confirm the formation of BaBi(BO3)O. Diffused reflectance and Photoluminescence spectra were recorded to understand optical properties of the material. Raman spectroscopy were used to excavate the structural features of the material. Prepared sample exhibited luminescence in red region which will be useful towards white light emitting diode applications
Effect of Zinc Fluoride addition on structure of barium Borate glasses for nonlinear optical applications
No full textA series of Zinc Barium Borate Oxyfluoride glasses with composition 60B 2 O 3-(40-x)BaO-xZnF 2 , where x = 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mol% are prepared using the conventional melt quench method. Density and molar volume was found to decrease with the increase in ZnF 2 content. The optical band gap was found to vary between 5.76 and 5.14 eV. Such a wide bandgap of the prepared samples makes them a potential candidate as Supercontinuum sources. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were used together to see the structural changes incurred in the material. Raman spectroscopy confirms the Non-bridging Oxygen variation while FTIR gives insights into borate structural units’ changes, including the Boron coordination. Non-bridging Oxygen species were found to decrease initially with the addition of ZnF 2 and thereby cause network loosening. FTIR studies indicate a nonlinear variation in the coordination of Boron with the addition of ZnF . Nonlinear absorption and refraction have been measured to establish the potential of the prepared samples as supercontinuum sources. The origin of nonlinearity in the samples is explained from the insights obtained using structural investigations
Nanoparticles made of multi-block copolymer of lactic acid and ethylene glycol containing periodic side-chain carboxyl groups for oral delivery of cyclosporine A
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of new carboxylated multi-block copolymer of lactic acid and ethylene glycol (EL14) for nanoparticle (NP) formation and their ability to deliver high molecular weight hydrophobic drug-cyclosporine A (CsA). CsA-loaded EL14 NPs were compared with traditional poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs, both prepared by emulsion-diffusion-evaporation process. On the one hand, the increase in drug payload from 10 to 30 per cent for EL14 NPs showed no difference in particle size, however the entrapment efficiency tends to decrease from 50 to 43 per cent; on the other hand, the more hydrophobic PLGA showed an increasing trend in entrapment efficiency from 20 to 62 per cent with increasing particle size. Over 90 per cent of CsA was released in vitro from both the nanoparticulates; however, the release was much slower in the case of more hydrophobic PLGA. On in vivo evaluation in rats, the NPs made of EL14 showed a higher C-max, a faster T-max and enhanced tissue levels to that of PLGA that are crucial for CsA's activity and toxicity; however, the overall bioavailability of the nanoparticulates was similar and higher than Neoral. Together these data demonstrate the feasibility of NPs made of low molecular weight, hydrophilic polymer EL14 for efficient delivery of CsA
Anomalous magnetic hysteresis loops and small H<SUB>c1</SUB> values in high T<SUB>c</SUB> superconductors
No full textWe have studied the hysteresis loops of RBa2Cu3O7 (R=Gd, Ho and Y) and detected anomalies in some of them. The observed anomalies support a recent prediction by Ravi Kumar and Chaddah based on an extension of Bean's model. The anomalies indicate low Hc1 values and we have confirmed this by studying the onset of low-field hysteresis in less than 10 Oe at 77 K for these high Tc, superconductors
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