1,721,010 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characterizing the B cell response and understanding the mechanism of action of vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis and chronic HIV-1 infection
No full textLa rectocolite hémorragique (RCH) est une maladie inflammatoire chronique intestinale (MICI) qui est caractérisée par l’inflammation chronique du rectum et/ou du côlon. Bien que l’idée qu’il existe une réponse immunitaire exagérée contre le microbiote intestinal soit communément acceptée, la physiopathologie est encore insuffisamment connue. Parmi les dysfonctions immunitaires, il existe des arguments en faveur d’un dérèglement de la biologie des lymphocytes B. A l’aide de plusieurs techniques (dont la cytométrie en flux, le single-cell RNA sequencing et le single-cell BCR sequencing), nous avons mis en évidence des modifications marquées des populations plasmocytaires coliques chez des patients avec RCH, dont une augmentation de l’expression des IgG et IgA1 et une diminution en IgA2 associées à l’accroissement de la proportion des plasmocytes à durée de vie courte. Ce turnover accru se reflétait dans la circulation sanguine par l’élévation des plasmablastes ?7+ à tropisme intestinal, associé à l’activité de la maladie et à la survenue de complications. Notre second travail s’intéressait au mécanisme d’action du vedolizumab (anti-?4?7), traitement couramment utilisé dans les MICI et prometteur pour le VIH. Dans une cohorte de patients atteints à la fois de MICI et du VIH, mous avons mis en évidence un impact majeur sur les follicules lymphoïdes intestinaux avec une absence d’effet significatif sur la fréquence des lymphocytes T effecteurs de la lamina propria. Cette découverte, décrite pour la première fois chez l’homme, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives quant au mécanisme d’action du vedolizumab dans les MICI et le VIH.Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that leads to chronic inflammation of the rectum and the colon. Even though it is commonly accepted that it results from an exaggerated immune response toward the gut microbiota, the pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Among immune defects, many evidences exist supporting a disturbed B cell system, including the presence of (auto-)antibodies and the infiltration of the lamina propria by plasma cells. Using multiple advanced techniques including single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell BCR sequencing we extensively characterized the B cell compartment in the blood and the intestinal mucosa of UC patients. We found that the colonic plasma cells phenotype was skewed toward an increased expression of IgG and IgA1 and an increased proportion of short-lived plasma cells. This increased turnover was reflected in the blood by the expansion of ?7+ plasmablasts, which correlated with disease activity and predicted disease course. Our second work focused on the mechanism of action of vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the ?4?7 integrin, for both IBD and HIV. In a unique cohort of patients with concomitant IBD and HIV, we unexpectedly found that memory T cells within the lamina propria were not significantly affected. Conversely, lymphoid aggregates, mostly in the terminal ileum were massively impacted. These findings are being further explored and may change the paradigm regarding the mechanism of action of vedolizumab
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Etude de la biologie des lymphocytes B et du mécanisme d'action du vedolizumab dans la rectocolite hémorragique et au cours de l'infection chronique à VIH
No full textUlcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that leads to chronic inflammation of the rectum and the colon. Even though it is commonly accepted that it results from an exaggerated immune response toward the gut microbiota, the pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Among immune defects, many evidences exist supporting a disturbed B cell system, including the presence of (auto-)antibodies and the infiltration of the lamina propria by plasma cells. Using multiple advanced techniques including single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell BCR sequencing we extensively characterized the B cell compartment in the blood and the intestinal mucosa of UC patients. We found that the colonic plasma cells phenotype was skewed toward an increased expression of IgG and IgA1 and an increased proportion of short-lived plasma cells. This increased turnover was reflected in the blood by the expansion of ?7+ plasmablasts, which correlated with disease activity and predicted disease course. Our second work focused on the mechanism of action of vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the ?4?7 integrin, for both IBD and HIV. In a unique cohort of patients with concomitant IBD and HIV, we unexpectedly found that memory T cells within the lamina propria were not significantly affected. Conversely, lymphoid aggregates, mostly in the terminal ileum were massively impacted. These findings are being further explored and may change the paradigm regarding the mechanism of action of vedolizumab.La rectocolite hémorragique (RCH) est une maladie inflammatoire chronique intestinale (MICI) qui est caractérisée par l’inflammation chronique du rectum et/ou du côlon. Bien que l’idée qu’il existe une réponse immunitaire exagérée contre le microbiote intestinal soit communément acceptée, la physiopathologie est encore insuffisamment connue. Parmi les dysfonctions immunitaires, il existe des arguments en faveur d’un dérèglement de la biologie des lymphocytes B. A l’aide de plusieurs techniques (dont la cytométrie en flux, le single-cell RNA sequencing et le single-cell BCR sequencing), nous avons mis en évidence des modifications marquées des populations plasmocytaires coliques chez des patients avec RCH, dont une augmentation de l’expression des IgG et IgA1 et une diminution en IgA2 associées à l’accroissement de la proportion des plasmocytes à durée de vie courte. Ce turnover accru se reflétait dans la circulation sanguine par l’élévation des plasmablastes ?7+ à tropisme intestinal, associé à l’activité de la maladie et à la survenue de complications. Notre second travail s’intéressait au mécanisme d’action du vedolizumab (anti-?4?7), traitement couramment utilisé dans les MICI et prometteur pour le VIH. Dans une cohorte de patients atteints à la fois de MICI et du VIH, mous avons mis en évidence un impact majeur sur les follicules lymphoïdes intestinaux avec une absence d’effet significatif sur la fréquence des lymphocytes T effecteurs de la lamina propria. Cette découverte, décrite pour la première fois chez l’homme, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives quant au mécanisme d’action du vedolizumab dans les MICI et le VIH
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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