24 research outputs found
Comment on ''Correlation between endometriosis and migraine features: Results from a prospective case-control study''.
No full textReview of the literature on combined oral contraceptives and cancer
No full textMillions of women have given preference to the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) since its introduction in the 1960s. Both oestrogens and progestogens can regulate proliferation and it is plausible these effects may contribute to carcinogenesis. We aimed to review the accumulated knowledge to date to appreciate the modifying effects combined oral contraceptives may have on carcinogenesis. Our methodology involved a review of the current published literature, paying attention to studies published in the last 20 years. It has been noted that the overall cancer odds do not change with the use of COCs. Increased risk for breast cancer with COC use is not consistently backed in the literature; the results range from no increase in risk to a 20%–30% elevation in risk, and the risk seems to be temporary, limited to recent or current regular COC use. Also, diagnosed breast cancer cases seem to be clinically advanced in ever-users compared to never-users. Data show that the ongoing and prolonged use of COCs may provide diminished risk for endometrial, colorectal and ovarian cancers. Although studies do not clearly support increased risk with COC use in high-risk groups, such as women with family history of cancer or BRCA carriers, local and international guidelines are available for clinical decision-making. For cervical cancer, COCs seem to enhance the risk with more than 5 years of use, and in many studies, this enhanced risk diminishes after discontinuation and restores to those of never-users within 10 years. The relationship between COC use and liver malignancy risk assessments has provided conflicting findings. Some studies have suggested that hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of not only hepatocellular carcinoma but also intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Combined oral contraceptives are safe and effective and the effects are reversible. Patients who pursue family planning should be warned of possible carcinogenic outcomes, but it should also be explained that—in addition to sexual health advantages—preferring COCs may also decrease the risks of endometrial, colorectal and ovarian cancers
Huge immature teratoma of the ovary with gliomatosis peritonei in childhood
No full textGerm cell tumors account for less than 3% of all ovarian cancers. These tumors generally appear in childhood or in those under 30 years of age. Immature ovarian teratoma is the third most frequent germ cell tumor after dysgerminoma and endodermal sinus tumors. These tumors should be distinguished from mature teratomas. Discrimination of malignant and benign tumors depends on the presence of the neuroectodermal components, made up of neural and glial cells. Gliomatosis peritonei is the intraabdominal and particularly peritoneal and omental distribution of the neuroectodermal components, observed very rarely with immature teratoma. Mature teratoma, on the other hand, is even rarer. This report aims to discuss a case of immature teratoma completely filling the abdomen and concomitant omental distribution related gliomatosis peritonei in a 7-year-old child
Expression levels of maternal plasma microRNAs in preeclamptic pregnancies
No full textThe present study aimed to identify the differential expression profiles of microRNAs in the plasma between patients with preeclampsia (PE) and healthy pregnancies using quantitative real-time PCR. The expression profiles of 32 miRNAs in maternal plasma from 31 patients with PE and 32 healthy pregnancies were evaluated. The expression levels of eight miRNAs including miR-210, miR-375, miR-197-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-328, miR-24-3p, and miR-218-5p were significantly upregulated and the expression levels of three miRNAs, including miR-302b-3p, miR-191-5p, and miR-17-5p, were significantly downregulated in patients with preeclampsia when compared to healthy pregnant women. In conclusion, we identified 11 miRNAs that may be potential biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis and a pivotal role in the prediction of PE. Considering the small cohort of patients, further studies with larger samples from different gestational stages are necessary to confirm our findings.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? The alterations in the release pattern of placenta-specific miRNAs detected in maternal serum have been found to be associated with pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia (PE). What do the results of this study add? In the present study, the release pattern of seven miRNAs had consistency and two of them had inconsistency with previous researches. Moreover, two novel miRNAs were also defined to demonstrate the interrelationship between PE and miRNAs. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or future research? The identification of 11 miRNAs that may be potential biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis and a pivotal role in the prediction of PE. Considering the small cohort of patients, further studies with larger samples from different gestational stages are necessary to confirm our findings
Primitive forcible contraception in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textA 33-year-old multiparous patient was admitted to our gynecology outpatient service with complaints of severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, malodorous vaginal discharge, difficulty in sexual intercourse and difficulty in urination for the last one month. Hereby, we aimed to show this creative, brutal and primitive way of contraception in a local tribe in the Darfur region of sub-Saharan Africa
Local contraceptive practice in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textAlthough modern contraceptive options are becoming more widely available, even in the developing world, women still use traditional contraceptive methods. Other reports of the use of non-medical devices for contraception and abortion are available. With this report, we discuss a patient seeking treatment for the removal of a traditional contraceptive intrauterine device
Renal failure secondary to uterine prolapse
No full textPelvic organ prolapse is a common problem in female population, and it may cause minor urological problems such as recurrent urinary system infection and voiding difficulty, as well as serious clinical problems such as advanced bilateral hydronephrosis and acute renal failure. Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and acute renal failure secondary to pelvic organ prolapse are rarely seen. In our paper, we present the case of a 69 year old woman that developed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, anuria and acute renal failure secondary to pelvic organ prolapse with a review of the literature
370 Safety of oncologic surgery without preoperative covid-19 testing in asymptomatic patients
No full textEarly Diagnosing of Urinary Tract Anomalies
No full textNowadays, with advanced diagnostic technology and accessibility of patients to qualified physician, many anatomical anomalies are diagnosed in uterine life, including urinary tract anomalies in prenatal period, however, even with advanced of technology, many of such anomalies continue to be diagnosed later on, in early stage of life or even later when a medical problem arise as a consequence of these anomalies. In Albania, nowadays, high technology and high definition diagnostic imaging machines are available; however, we do face lack of qualified and experienced medical specialist, especially in peripheral regions - city hospitals throughout Albania. Early diagnosing of anomalies like urinary tract ones, are possible to be diagnosed since the end of first trimester of pregnancy by 14 weeks, and later on during the anatomic ultrasound examination or otherwise called morphologic fetal ultrasound at 18 – 22 weeks of pregnancy, if examination carried out by a qualified medical specialist, should clearly visualize fetal urinary tract. However, this fetal problems undiagnosed during pregnancy, there are often diagnosed in postnatal period. In some countries, many ultrasound examinations during pregnancy are performed by ultrasound technicians and interpreted by radiologist or perinatologist, however, generally these examination are performed by fetal medicine specialist, or obstetrician and gynecologists. In Albania these examination are performed only by obstetrician and gynecologist, since qe do not have a fetal medicine center. Any urinary problem during early age, it is appropriate to perform a general abdominal ultrasound examination as fast, reliable and cost-effective examination tool with no side effect. Keywords: Diagnostic, early, urinary, anomalies, medical specialist DOI: 10.7176/ALST/87-02 Publication date: April 30th 202
