57 research outputs found
Estimation of Distribution of Income in Pakistan, Using Micro Data
No full textIncome distribution entered the post war discussion of economic development fairly late. Until the 1960s much of the focus was on industrialisation and the need for capital accumulation. Pakistan was no exception as in the early 60s economic expansion became the main target and means to political identity. Rapid population growth associated with steep decline in mortality demanded acceleration of production to keep pace. Overall aggregate expansion was much faster than before but without benefit for the poor. In that context emerged a new professional interest in income distribution. Haq’s (1964) study was one of the oldest studies conducted to measure inequality in personal income distribution in the high income brackets in the urban areas of Pakistan. The main objective of the author was to present the income distribution pattern in terms of the relative shares of different income groups as well as in terms of Pareto coefficients and concentration ratio during the period 1948-49 to 1957-58 for which published tax data was available. While recognising the limitations of the data used, the author went on to calculate various measures of income inequality including Pareto coefficient and Lorenz curve. The author also made comparison of Pakistan’s income distribution with U.S.A. and U.K.
Population Policy Shifts and Their Implications for Population Stabilisation in Pakistan
No full textThe visible fast increase in the growth rate of world population occurred during the second half of the twentieth century due to the faster declines in mortality following the medical and public health advances made around the time of World War II. The global population growth rate after peaking of at around 1.7 to 1.9 percent per annum in the 1970s and 1980s has since started declining and is currently around 1.4 percent per annum. The world population more than doubled, recording 142 percent increase, from 2.51 billion in 1950 to around 6.07 billion in 2000 [Hakim (2000)]. Most of the increase has been in less developed countries, from 1.68 billion in 1950 to 4.88 billion in 2000, recording 190 percent. Compared to this, the more developed countries witnessed only a marginal increase of 43 percent from 0.83 billion in 1950 to 1.19 billion population in 2000.
Perception of Neurosurgical Residents about Learning in Operation Theatre in Tertiary Care Hospitals
No full textOBJECTIVES
To explore Neurosurgical postgraduate residents perceptions of their learning environment in operating rooms.METHODOLOGY
From March 2022 to August 2022, this cross-sectional study will be carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, and Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. The STEEM survey examined how surgical theatres were perceived as educational environments. After receiving informed consent, a printed questionnaire was provided to 32 surgical residents. SPSS 24 was used to conduct descriptive and inferential data analyses.
RESULTS
Thirty-one (31) of the 32 surgical residents that were surveyed (or 98.3%) answered. Residents' average age was 29.27 years (2.37); 27 were male, and 05 were female. Most residents were in their third (34.4%) and fourth (21.3%) years of residency. 147.66 (18.57) was the overall mean score. Participants' age and gender did not affect the mean scores; nevertheless, responses were statistically more favorable for residents in their first or fifth year of residency. Fifty-three locals responded favorably or positively overall.
CONCLUSION
Overall, residents had positive opinions of their training, their supervisors, the opportunities for learning in the operating room, the environment, and the monitoring they received
Generation and transmission of fractional‐order optical bright solitons in single mode fiber
No full textComparing AI and Specialist for Clinical Reasoning in Dentistry - A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
No full textThis Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is aimed to compare effectiveness of ChatGPT Plus and Specialist in enhancing clinical reasoning skills of dental house officers.
The improvement in clinical reasoning skills will be the primary outcome in this research
Citizen's Assessment of Parliaments Performance
No full textThe author reports about the activities of PILDAT, an independent non-profit think tank dedicated to strengthening democracy and democratic institutions in Pakistan. There are three key areas of PILDAT activities. One is Parliamentary Strengthening, which is an area in which we have worked since 2001 in Pakistan, from which we have organised briefings and over 85 courses. Secondly, the organisation has also moved into the area of Parliamentary Performance Assessment and thirdly, since 2003, when democracy was restored in Pakistan, it has produced the Annual State of Democracy Report, which covers how democracy is progressing - or not progressing
Pattern of Publications in the Journal of Management and Research: A Bibliometric Study From 2014 to 2020
No full textIntroduction. This study examined the pattern of publications in the Journal of Management and Research, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, from 2014 to 2020.
Objectives. The study was carried out to know the year-wise distribution of publications, citations per year, most cited papers, gender-wise distribution, authorship Pattern, length of articles, number of references, geographical affiliation, and institution-wise contribution of publications.
Design/Methodology. The quantitative research design was used, and the bibliometric method was adopted to conduct the study. The data was retrieved from the journal\u27s website, then analyzed through MS Excel, MS Access, and calculator.
Findings. A total number of 79 articles were published in seven volumes (14 issues), 113 citations were received by the articles, Effects of online shopping trends on consumer-buying behavior: An empirical study of Pakistan written by Dr. Rizwana Bashir, Isra Mehboob and Waqas Khaliq Bhatti was the most cited paper. The number of individual authors was 44 males and 31 females; three personal authors pattern was dominant with 33 publications. Most of the papers were published in length 26-30 pages and 4369 sources were cited by the authors. Punjab was the most contributed province regarding the number of publications and the University of Management and Technology Lahore, Pakistan, was the most productive institute with 25 papers
On Implicit Coupled Hadamard Fractional Differential Equations with Generalized Hadamard Fractional Integro-Differential Boundary Conditions
No full textThis study is devoted to studying the existence and uniqueness of solutions for Hadamard implicit fractional differential equations with generalized Hadamard fractional integro-differential boundary conditions by utilizing the contraction principle of the Banach and Leray–Schauder fixed point theorems. Moreover, with two different approaches, the Hyers–Ulam stabilities are also discussed. Different ordinary differential equations of the third order with different boundary conditions (e.g., initial, anti periodic and integro-differential) can be obtained as a special case for our proposed model. Finally, for verification, an example is presented, and some graphs for the particular variables and particular functions are drawn using MATLAB
Existence and Stability of Implicit Fractional Differential Equations with Stieltjes Boundary Conditions Involving Hadamard Derivatives
No full textIn this article, we make analysis of the implicit fractional differential equations involving integral boundary conditions associated with Stieltjes integral and its corresponding coupled system. We use some sufficient conditions to achieve the existence and uniqueness results for the given problems by applying the Banach contraction principle, Schaefer’s fixed point theorem, and Leray–Schauder result of the cone type. Moreover, we present different kinds of stability such as Hyers–Ulam stability, generalized Hyers–Ulam stability, Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability, and generalized Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability by using the classical technique of functional analysis. At the end, the results are verified with the help of examples
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