648 research outputs found
Translating Metonymy in the Holy Qur'an: Surat an-Nisa as a Case Study
No full textA Master of Arts thesis in Translation and Interpreting MATI (English/Arabic/English) by Alaa Gamal Abdelhakim Muhammad entitled, "Translating Metonymy in the Holy Qur'an: Surat an-Nisa as a Case Study," submitted in February 2017. Thesis advisor is Dr. Usman Ghani. Soft and hard copy available.This thesis, as its title suggests, is mainly concerned with exploring the linguistically beautiful and rhetorically instrumental role played by metonymy throughout the Holy Qur'an, with special emphasis on Surat an-Nisa, the fourth surah (chapter) of the Holy Qur'an. This particular surah has been chosen due to its strikingly impressive metonymic examples and rich dialogues about women, orphans, inheritance, marriage laws, and even tayammum (using the earth for the performance of ablution when water resources are not obtainable), etc. This thesis also attempts to emphasize the distinctive character of metonymy as a fully independent figure of speech and explore how different strategies are utilized in the selected translations to overcome linguistic obstacles when translating metonymic expressions from Arabic into English. Four examples from the Holy Qur'an in general, and nine examples from Surat an-Nisa in particular, will be selected based on their exceptionally clear metonymic usages. Their general meanings will be introduced using some leading Books of Tafseer (Exegesis/Commentaries), including those of al-Qurtubi, Ibn Kathir, and Tantawy, among other Arabic and Islamic resources. Furthermore, two well-known English translations authored by notable translators from different ideological, educational, and cultural backgrounds will be compared and evaluated in terms of equivalence, translation strategies used, and contexts. These two translations are The Koran Interpreted by the British orientalist Arthur John Arberry (1955) and The Noble Qur'an by Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan (1997). The key focus will be on investigating how metonymic expressions are communicated to English readers and reflected linguistically in the translation. Results of the thesis outline how the Holy Qur'an employed the figurative power of metonymic language to convey specific messages and address certain topics by using expressions that give both common literal meanings and nonliteral allegorical meanings.College of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Arabic and Translation StudiesMaster of Arts in English/Arabic/English Translation and Interpreting (MATI
Non-Linear Adapted Spatio-Temporal Filter for Single-Trial Identification of Movement-Related Cortical Potential
No full textThe execution or imagination of a movement is reflected by a cortical potential that can be recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) as Movement-Related Cortical Potentials (MRCPs). The identification of MRCP from a single trial is a challenging possibility to get a natural control of a Brain–Computer Interface (BCI). We propose a novel method for MRCP detection based on optimal non-linear filters, processing different channels of EEG including delayed samples (getting a spatio-temporal filter). Different outputs can be obtained by changing the order of the temporal filter and of the non-linear processing of the input data. The classification performances of these filters are assessed by cross-validation on a training set, selecting the best ones (adapted to the user) and performing a majority voting from the best three to get an output using test data. The method is compared to another state-of-the-art filter recently introduced by our group when applied to EEG data recorded from 16 healthy subjects either executing or imagining 50 self-paced upper-limb palmar grasps. The new approach has a median accuracy on the overall dataset of 80%, which is significantly better than that of the previous filter (i.e., 63%). It is feasible for online BCI system design with asynchronous, self-paced applications
Technologies and policies for the integration of financial services industry across the European communities
No full textThesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 341-347).by Usman A. Ghani.M.S
Improvement Of Pavement Monitoring For More Sustainable Management Of Road Pavements
No full textThe sustainable management of road pavements is a global priority, given their essential role in supportingeconomic growth and societal connectivity. However, deterioration caused by heavy traffic loads, environmentalfactors, and inadequate maintenance underscores the critical need for effective pavement monitoring. This researchinvestigates and enhances existing monitoring approaches, with a focus on laboratory testing methodologies usedby Italian road authorities.It identifies limitations in the current practices—specifically, the inability of existing methodologies todistinguish between conventional bituminous and Alternative Paving Materials (APMs). To address these gaps, thisstudy introduces both basic and advanced testing techniques aimed at improving pavement monitoring, enhancingperformance prediction, and promoting more sustainable road infrastructure.A pragmatic approach, incorporating both basic and advanced damage-related characterization methods, wasemployed to evaluate and enhance pavement monitoring. Basic-level tests include the Indirect Tensile AsphaltCracking Test (Ideal-CT) for cracking resistance, the Indirect Tensile Strength Ratio (ITSR) for moisture sensitivity,and High Temperature Indirect Tensile Testing (HT-IDT) for rutting evaluation. Advanced-level methods basedon Simplified Visco-Elastic Continuum Damage Model (SVECD) involve the Asphalt Mixture PerformanceTester (AMPT), used to assess dynamic modulus, cyclic fatigue, and stress sweep rutting performance.In addition, damage models such as the model for stiffness evaluation Model for Stiffness Evaluation (2s2p1D),SVECD, Model to Evaluate the Viscoplastic Behavior of the Asphalt Mixtures (shift), and the Coefficient ofThermal Contraction (CTC) model were applied to evaluate material behavior under realistic service conditions.The findings demonstrate significant improvements in the ability to monitor and predict the performance ofalternative paving materials, including rubberized and reclaimed asphalt mixtures. A comprehensive database ofthe tested materials was also developed to serve as a reference for quality assurance, future pavement managementsystems, and optimized maintenance strategies.Ultimately, this study contributes to the advancement of reliable and sustainable road infrastructure
Investigating the Ability of Road Specifications to Discriminate the Rutting Behavior of Rubberized Asphalt Mixtures in Italy
No full textDespite its worldwide adoption in many countries, rubberized asphalt mixtures are not fully incorporated as an alternative paving material in current Italian road specifications. This reluctance stems from a lack of experience, resistance to change in established work practices, and, sometimes, insufficient evidence demonstrating tangible benefits with local specifications. Furthermore, conventional characterization methods such as void checks and indirect tensile strength testing by means of IDT may not accurately capture the true benefits of using alternative paving materials. This study introduces performance-driven characterization approaches with the final aim of evaluating whether more advanced procedures may provide additional information compared to current practices and, in turn, promote the use of alternative paving materials. Hence, an investigation has been conducted to compare the rutting behavior of conventional asphalt mixtures with those modified with engineered crumb rubber (ECR). This comparison utilized performance-driven characterization approaches, including a basic IDT-based methodology at higher temperatures (HT-IDT), as well as two more sophisticated approaches, the Stress Sweep Rutting (SSR) and Flow Number (FN) tests, using the asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). Finally, the results were compared with those obtained using the IDT, a conventional method as specified by the major Italian road authority. As a result, the addition of ECR proves beneficial in enhancing the qualities of dense mixtures tailored for use on urban and secondary roads; however, only performance-driven characterization, with both basic and advanced methodologies, can clearly describe the pivotal role of ECR in achieving discernible enhancements in the rutting behavior of asphalt mixtures
Un’applicazione del Sustainability Assessment Framework per le pavimentazioni stradali in Europa
No full textLa sostenibilità è una delle maggiori sfide del nostro secolo ed è
necessario che diventi una pratica corrente per tutti gli operatori coinvolti.
Standardizzare le procedure per ogni settore è il passo fondamentale per facilitarne
la sua implementazione. Nel campo dell’ingegneria civile, il processo è
ancora in corso. Questa ricerca mostra i primi passi verso la definizione di un
Sustainability Assessment (SA) Framework, basato sul Life Cycle approach,
per le pavimentazioni stradali e la sua conseguente applicazione in un caso
studio reale. Il SA Framework distingue due sistemi (pavement materials e
pavement activities) e diversi esercizi correlati, suggerendo come valutarne
la sostenibilità
Life Cycle Management delle pavimentazioni stradali
No full textOrmai parola chiave della nostra società, la sostenibilità è al centro
di ricerche e dibattiti. La comunità scientifica si impegna da anni nella definizione
di strumenti e metodologie comuni per riuscire a quantificarla, proponendo
standard e linee guida basate sull’analisi del ciclo di vita, come il Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA), di prodotti e processi. Nell’ambito dell’ingegneria
civile esistono procedure standardizzate a livello internazionale per svolgere
esercizi di Sustainability Assessment; queste risultano ben strutturate per
gli edifici, meno dettagliate invece per altre opere, come le pavimentazioni
stradali. Questo lavoro presenta il risultato principale del progetto “PavementLCM”,
nato con l’obiettivo di condurre i principali gestori delle strade
europee a fornirsi di specifiche linee guida per l’utilizzazione dei risultati
del Sustainability Assessment, basato sulle Life Cycle-based techniques, e
di analisi multi-criterio, per la valutazione della sostenibilità di materiali,
tecnologie e strategie manutentive delle pavimentazioni stradali
Unveiling the Benefits of Engineered Crumb Rubber for Asphalt Mixtures via Performance-Related Characterization: Rutting Behavior
No full textEven though alternative paving materials, like rubberized asphalt, are sometimes present in specifications, these are still not widely adopted from road agencies mainly due to a lack of experience, reticence in changing work habits and, often, a lack of evidence of real gains in the change. Authors believe that performance-based laboratory characterization is a solution to highlight differences with conventional asphalt mixtures. Hence, this research wants to highlight the differences between designing asphalt mixtures modified with engineered crumb rubber (ECR) on the basis of conventional indirect tensile testing (ITS), as prescribed by Italian specifications, and by means of performance-related characterization. ECR allows to asphalt mixtures to be modified through a dry process without inconveniences such as uncontrolled swelling and the generation of fumes; on the other hand, performance-related characterization focuses on highlighting rutting behavior by using a basic approach, still based on ITS, and a more advanced viscoplastic methodology using the asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). As a result, performance-related characterization is necessary to highlight clear gains in the rutting behavior of the asphalt mixtures modified with ECR. Advanced methodology by means of AMPT provides a fine-tuned characterization; however, the basic approach by means of ITS already highlights the differences in performance. ECR could be widely used to improve the properties of dense mixtures for roads with low traffic; in fact, it solves many of the practical issues of adding crumb rubber through a dry process and greatly improves paving material properties compared to conventional asphalt mixtures, with an increase in cost of only 10%
Comprehensive Study on the Performance of Waste HDPE and LDPE Modified Asphalt Binders for Construction of Asphalt Pavements Application
No full textThis research is aimed at investigating the mechanical behavior of the bitumen by the addition of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) obtained from waste plastic bottles and bags. Polymers (HDPE and LDPE) with percentages of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% in shredded form by weight of bitumen were used to evaluate the spectroscopic, structural, morphological, and rheological properties of polymer-modified binders. The rheological properties for different factors; viscosity (ἠ) from Rotational Viscometer (RV), rutting factor G*/Sin (δ), fatigue characteristics G*. Sin (δ), for the modified binder from dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), Short and long-term aging from rolling thin film oven (RTFO), and pressure aging vessel (PAV) was determined. The thermal characteristics, grain size, and texture of polymers for both LDPE and HDPE were found using bending beam rheometer (BBR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of polymer contents in the modified binder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed the presence of HDPE and LDPE particles on the surface of the binder. Creep Rate (m) and Stiffness (S) analysis in relationship with temperature showed a deduction in stress rate relaxation. Results have revealed the best rutting resistance for 6% HDPE. It also showed an improvement of 95.27% in G*/Sin (δ) which increased the performance of the bituminous mix. Similarly, the addition of 4% LDPE resulted in maximum dynamic viscosity irrespective of the temperatures. Moreover, fatigue resistance has shown a significant change with the HDPE and LDPE. The festinating features of waste plastic modified binder make it important to be used in the new construction of roads to address the high viscosity and mixing problems produced by plastic waste and to improve the performance of flexible pavements all over the world
Corrigendum to Practices of Law Number 6292 and Evaluation of Lands Taken Out of Forest Boundary: The Case of Finike District Year 2020, Volume 22, Issue 1, 222 - 231, https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.659281
No full textThe authors regret there was an error in the author line related to a forgotten author and the corrected author Line is provided below. Mohammad CHEHREH GHANI 1,*, Nimet VELİOĞLU 2 1İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, , İSTANBUL 2 *Sorumlu Yazar (Corresponding Author): İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, , İSTANBUL These changes would not affect the results and conclusion of the whole manuscript. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.*The authors regret there was an error in the author line related to a forgotten author and the corrected author Line is provided below. Mohammad CHEHREH GHANI 1,*, Nimet VELİOĞLU 2 1İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, , İSTANBUL 2 *Sorumlu Yazar (Corresponding Author): İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, , İSTANBUL These changes would not affect the results and conclusion of the whole manuscript. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused
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