125,203 research outputs found
Entoloma punjabensis N. Fatima, Usman & Khalid 2023, sp. nov.
No full textEntoloma punjabensis N. Fatima, Usman & Khalid sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) MycoBank: MB845490 Etymology:—specific epithet “ punjabensis ” (Latin) refers to the type locality of the taxon. Diagnosis:— Entoloma punjabensis differs from its closely related species E. griseofibrillosum by having pileus subumbilicate at maturity with reddish to brown central depression, larger globose to subglobose basidiospores 8.5– 13.4 × 7.2–11.5 µm and hyaline hyphae of pileipellis. Holotype:— PAKISTAN. Punjab: Sahiwal, Chichawatni Forest 30° 32’ 16”N, 72° 40’ 4”E, elev. 163 m, on soil rich in organic matter, 9 July 2019, Nadia Fatima, N-101(LAH37544), GenBank OP 315658 (ITS); OP315660 (LSU). Description:— Basidiomata small, scattered. Pileus 9–15 mm in diam., convex to plano-convex, subumbilicate at maturity, non-hygrophanous, dry, smooth surface, crenate and deflexed margin, slightly striate up to center, light gray at young age (10YR 8/1), dark brown (5YR 3/6) at maturity, central depression brownish gray (5YR 6/1) changing reddish brown (5YR 4/8) from center towards margin with age. Lamellae decurrent, pale reddish (2.5YR 7/3), slightly crisped and wavy, thick, broad and subdistant, with 1–2 tiers of lamellulae. Stipe 7–10 × 1–3 mm, short, central, solid, grayish brown (5YR 5/2) straight but slightly compressed and bent at base, almost smooth, base whitish and slightly pruinose at young stage. Taste and smell not observed. Basidiospores [100/2/2] (8.08–) 8.45–13.24 (–13.51) × (6.44–) 7.2–11.45 (–12.05) µm, (av. L × av. W = 10.8 × 9.32 µm) Q = 1.1–1.3, Qav. = 1.2 globose to sub globose, rarely with very weak angles, thick-walled, guttulate, hyaline in 5% KOH, smooth with prominent apiculus. Basidia clavate to sub-cylindrical 31.84–43.47 × 9.29–18.64 µm, mostly tetra-sporic, sometimes bi- or tri-sporic, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline. Cheilocystidia rare, 27.66–38.16 × 9.54–14.05 µm, clavate to cylindrical. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis composed of thin-walled, smooth, hyaline hyphae, 6.66–16.63 µm wide, av. W =9.2 µm, constricted at the septa, terminal cells 8.2–10.02 µm wide and modified to clavate ends. Stipitipellis hyphae 3.81–13.49 µm wide, av. W = 7.72 µm, regular, thin-walled, hyaline, septate. Clamp connections are absent in all tissues. Habit and habitat:—Solitary and scattered on soil rich in organic matter. Additional specimen examined:— PAKISTAN. Punjab: Sahiwal, Chichawatni Forest 30°32’15.82”N, 72°39’24.30”E, elev. 163 m, on soil mixed with plant debris, 2 August 2020, Nadia Fatima N-001, LAH! LAH37545. GenBank OP 315659 (ITS); OP315661 (28S).Published as part of Usman, Nadia Fatima Muhammad & Khalid, Abdul Nasir, 2023, Entoloma punjabensis sp. nov. of Rusticoides group from Chichawatni Forest, Pakistan, pp. 217-228 in Phytotaxa 612 (2) on pages 222-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/832349
Entoloma kumraticus A. Izhar, Kiran, Usman & Khalid, sp. nov.
No full textEntoloma kumraticus A. Izhar, Kiran, Usman & Khalid sp. nov. (Figs. 2 & 3) MycoBank:— MB843782 Etymology:—The specific epithet kumraticus refers to the type locality “Kumrat”. Diagnosis:— Entoloma kumraticus closely resembles E. porphyrogriseum described from Austria but differs by having white to pallid purplish gray lamellae, significantly smaller cheilocystidia and the presence of caulocystidia. “ Type:— PAKISTAN. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province: Dir Upper District, Kumrat, among grass, on soil under Cedrus deodara, 35.5369˚ N, 72.2193˚ E, 2232 m, 25 July 2019, A. N. Khalid K -218, (LAH 36945!; ITS: MZ 157265; LSU: MZ 157269).” Description:— Pileus 1.8–2.5 cm in diam., hemispherical, convex to plano-convex, deeply depressed at disc, deflexed towards margin, margin entire to sulcate-striate, dark aniline blue (X55) at center changing to prout`s brown (XV15’) to mummy brown (XV17’) towards margin, pileal surface radially fibrillose, dry, velutinous, shiny when moist, slightly hygrophanous. Lamellae adnate, slightly adnexed, sub-distant, white (LIII) to pallid purplish gray (LIII 67’””), regular, some crisped, edges serrulate, lamellulae abundant, present in 2–3 tiers. Stipe 3.2–5 × 0.3–0.6 cm, cylindrical with slightly tapered base, hollow, pale neutral gray (LIII d) to purplish gray (LIII 67””) at apex, pallid bluish violet (X 57f) towards base, fibrillose, minutely pubescent all over, dry, some with white (LIII) tomentose base. Odor mild. Basidiospores [40/2/2], (8–)9–11(–12) × (6.1–)6.4–8 µm, (avL × avW= 9.7 × 7.3 µm), Q = 1.25–1.38, avQ = 1.32, heterodiametrical with 4–6 weak angles, thin-walled, olive yellow (XXX 23”) in KOH, inamyloid, mono-guttulate. Basidia (29–)33–44(47–) × (9–) 10–11(12) µm, (avL × avW = 38 × 10.5 µm), broadly clavate, hyaline in KOH, mostly 4-spored, occasionally 2-spored, guttulate, clamp connections absent. Lamella edge sterile, cheilocystidia abundant, 12–34 × 4.9–8.4 µm, cylindroclavate, some flexuous, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, with 2-3 basal cells, nonguttulate. Hymenophoral trama regular, composed of cylindrical hyphae with inflated cells, 80 – 125 × 4 – 9 µm, brilliant granules abundant. Pileipellis a cutis of loose cylindrical hyphae, in transition to a trichoderm towards the pileal center where the hyphae are repent, with inflated, clavate terminal elements, 30–93 × 15–25 µm, cells of suprapellis 22–80 × 9–11 µm, a subpellis of relatively narrow, septate, cylindrical hyphae, 3–7 µm wide, (avW = 5 µm), pigments intracellular in terminal cells, grayish brown in water, relatively dark brown in KOH, clamp connections absent. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical hyphae, with cylindrical to clavate terminal elements, 19–33 × 1.6–5.8 µm, mostly hyaline in KOH, some terminal elements with dark brown brilliant granules, strongly refracting, hyphae regular, septate, rarely branched, clamp connections absent. Caulocystidia clavate to narrowly clavate, versiform, 24 – 64 × 7 – 15 μm, scattered. Additional material examined: PAKISTAN. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province: Dir Upper District, Kumrat, mostly solitary on moss covered soil under Cedrus deodara, 35.5369˚ N, 72.2193˚ E, 2232 m, 15 August 2018, M. Usman & A. N. Khalid K - 219, (LAH 36946!; ITS: MZ 157266; LSU: MZ 157270).Published as part of Izhar, Aiman, Usman, Muhammad, Kiran, Munazza & Khalid, Abdul Nasir, 2022, Two new species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, pp. 226-240 in Phytotaxa 574 (3) on pages 231-233, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/738095
An Effect of Chronic Negative Stress on Hippocampal Structures and Functional Connectivity in Patients with Depressive Disorder [Letter]
No full textNorma Safitri,1,* Andi Nilawati Usman,2,* Andi Ariyandy3,* 1Department of Midwifery, Postgraduate School Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; 2Department of Midwifery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; 3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Andi Nilawati Usman, Department of Midwifery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Email [email protected]
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Aspek-Aspek Kemasyarakatan dalam Sajak-Sajak Usman Awang Tahun 1940-an dan 1950-an
No full textLatihan ilmiah ini cuba meneliti beberapa aspek kemasyarakatan dalam sajak-sajak S. N. Dr. Usman Awang yang ditulis pada dekad 40-an dan 50-an. Sajak-sajak itu telah ditulisnya dan diterbitkan oleh surat khabar Utusan Zaman dan Majalah Mastika. Kebanyakan sajak yang ditulisnya pada dekad tersebut bersifat asli dan diantologikan dalam antologi Gelombang dan antologi Puisi Melayu Baru yang disusun oleh Ali Haji Ahmad pada tahun 1964. Sajak-sajaknya
yang ditulis pada dekad tersebut amat penting untuk diteliti dan dikaji kerana Usman Awang banyak mengungkapkan aspek kemasyarakatan di dalamnya. Usman Awang merupakan seorang penyair yang amat penting dalam perkembangan penulisan puisi di Malaysia sejak dekad 40-an hingga kini. Beliau seorang penyair yang prolifik dan kebanyakan puisinya telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris, Perancis, Mandarin dan Rusia. Pada dekad 50-an, Usman Awang merupakan tokoh penting dalam ASAS 50. Beliau bertanggungjawab menulis puisi sejajar dengan aspirasi dan
ideologi ASAS 50 yang memperjuangkan 'Seni untuk Masyarakat'. Kebanyakan sajak beliau membawa persoalan menentang penjajahan, mengkritik golongan feudal dan kapitalis. ASAS 50 berpendapat bahawa penjajahan, kapitalisme dan feudalisme melambatkan perjuangan kemerdekaan dan hanya melahirkan masyarakat berkelas dan
menindas masyarakat bawahan. Oleh sebab itu, kebanyakan sajaknya mengandungi persoalan menentang penjajah seperti dalam sajak-sajak "Tanah Air", dan "Zaman Merdeka". Manakala sajaknya yang berjudul "Pak Utih" membawa persoalan mengenai kemiskinan dalam masyarakat. Kekuatan sajak Usman Awang terletak pada tema dan persoalan yang dibawanya termasuk pemikirannya yang universal. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti berpendapat bahawa sajak-sajak beliau amat penting untuk dikaji dan dianalisis seperti yang dilakukan dalam latihan ilmiah ini
Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGMGTs) in a Holocene sediment core (NGHP-01-16A) in front of the Godavari River in the Bay of Bengal (India)
No full textBranched Glycerol Monoalkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (GMGTs) in a Holocene marine sediment core (NGHP-01-16A) in front of the Godavari River in the Bay of Bengal (16.59331°N, 82.68345°E, 1268m m water depth). BrGMGT fractional abundances and concentrations were analysed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The age model, %TOC and Mineral Surface Area (to calculate brGMGT loadings) are from Usman et al. (2018)
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Crepidotus iqbalii A. Izhar, Usman & Khalid 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Crepidotus iqbalii</i> A. Izhar, Usman & Khalid <i>sp. nov.</i> Figs. 2–4 <p>MycoBank:—MB838246</p> <p> Holotype:— PAKISTAN. Punjab, Sheikhupura, on muddy soil of graveyard, (31°43’3.71”N, 73°57’19.73”E), 236 m a.s.l., 18 August 2018, <i>Aiman Izhar</i>, <i>Skp003</i> (LAH 36654).</p> <p>Diagnosis:—Pileus brown to yellow, hygrophanous. Stipe central to slightly eccentric. Basidiospores 8.7–10 × 4.9–6.3 μm, ellipsoid-amygdaliform, almost smooth to finely verruculose. Cheilocystidia clavate to subcylindric. Pleurocystidia absent. Both pileipellis and the stipitipellis a trichoderm with many cystidia. Clamp connections present.</p> <p>Etymology:—In honor of Prof. Dr. S. H. Iqbal (Late) Mycologist, for his contributions to fungal taxonomy in Pakistan.</p> <p>Gene sequence ex-holotype:—GenBank MT 97348 (ITS) and MW 888515 (LSU).</p> <p> Description:— <i>Pileus</i> 15–30 mm diam, reniform when seen from above, hemispherical to convex, a few almost circular, some later becoming flabelliform, bright brown (7.5 YR 5/6) when immature, pale yellow (5 Y 8/4) to yellow (10 YR 8/8) at maturity, umbilicate at disc with dull brown color (7.5 YR 5/4), flabby, hygrophanous, surface smooth to velvety, minutely tomentose near disc, margin straight, later inflexed, tuberculate-striate to rimose. <i>Lamellae</i> 2–4 mm broad, adnate, some emarginate with a decurrent tooth, yellow (10 YR 8/8) when young, later fading to pale yellow (5 Y 8/4), moderately crowded, furcate, edges entire to undulate. <i>Stipe</i> 10–17 × 3–6 mm, central to slightly eccentric, cylindrical, forked near the cap, base broad, pale yellow (5 Y 8/4) near pileus, white to dull orange (7.6 YR 6/4) towards base, turning dark brown (10 YR 3/4) on handling, rubbery, hollow, minutely pruinose, mycelial pad at base. <i>Annulus</i> absent. <i>Odor</i> not characteristic. <i>Taste</i> not checked.</p> <p> <i>Basidiospores</i> 8.7–10 × 4.9–6.3 μm, Lm × Wm = 9.6 ± 0.7 × 5.4 ± 0.4 μm, Q = 1.7–1.6 μm, avQ = 1.8, ellipsoidamygdaliform, almost smooth to very finely verruculose, thick-walled, with a large and many little brownish gray (10 YR 6/1) guttules. <i>Basidia</i> 22–34 × 7–9 μm, cylindrical to clavate, clamped, mostly 4-spored, few 2-spored, hyaline, thin-walled, granulate, a few large oil drops present. <i>Cheilocystidia</i> 14–28 × 3.6–6.8 μm, mostly clavate or flexuous less cylindric, mostly often septate, clamped. <i>Pleurocystidia</i> absent. <i>Pileipellis</i> a trichoderm, with hyaline, cylindrical hyphae, 4–8 μm, avw = 6 μm, septate, branched, gelatinization present in some of the hyphae, frequently clamped, terminal cells cylindrical or clavate (5–9 μm), occasionally branched. <i>Pileocystidia</i> 19.8–38 × 6.3–7.8 μm, clavate to cylindrical, at times narrowly clavate, lageniform, narrowly utriform, mostly flexuous, clamped. <i>Stipitipellis</i> an intricate trichoderm, with interwoven hyphae 7–5 μm (avw = 4.1 μm), thin to slightly thick-walled, hyaline, septate, some hyphae with gelatinization terminal cells cylindric, clamped. <i>Caulocystidia</i> 10–17 × 3.8–7.6 μm, mostly lageniform to utriform, few lecythiform, clavate, flexuous, grouped, basal cells slightly inflated, hyaline, clamped.</p> <p> Habitat and distribution:—Pleurotoid, solitary, on muddy soil of a burial ground which adjoins a church, under <i>Ficus benghalensis.</i></p> <p> Additional material examined:— PAKISTAN. Punjab, Sheikhupura, on muddy nutrient rich soil of graveyard, (31°43’3.71”N, 73°57’19.73”E), 236 m a.s.l., 4 August 2019, <i>Aiman Izhar</i>, <i>Skp1b</i> (LAH 36655), GenBank MT 973499 (ITS) and MZ 081842 (LSU); <i>ibid</i>. (31°42′40″ N, 73°59′16″ E, 236 m a.s.l., 6 September 2020, <i>Aiman Izhar</i>, <i>Skp2 B</i> (LAH 36656).</p>Published as part of <i>Izhar, Aiman, Usman, Muhammad & Khalid, Abdul Nasir, 2021, Crepidotus iqbalii (Crepidotaceae, Agaricales) a new stipitate species, from Pakistan, pp. 95-107 in Phytotaxa 500 (2)</i> on pages 100-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.500.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5424475">http://zenodo.org/record/5424475</a>
Are Capitalists Green? Firm Ownership and Provincial CO2 emissions in China
No full textIn China, a large private sector has evolved alongside a still sizeable state-owned sector that is subject to government control. Several studies have found that in this mixed economy, the private sector is economically more efficient than the state-owned sector. In this paper, we investigate whether private firms are also more carbon efficient than state-owned firms. Using a macroeconomic panel data model with provincial data from 1992 to 2010, we confirm that private firms emit less carbon dioxide than state-owned firms. Our results imply that future reforms, such as ongoing privatization, introduced to increase the economic efficiency of state-owned companies will also mitigate emissions growth. The policy lesson, not only for China but for developing countries maintaining a large state-owned sector, is that economic efficiency and energy efficiency are conjoined mutual benefits
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