1,720,985 research outputs found
Working postures of employees and its ergonomic implications in a University setting
No full textThis study assessed the risk of back and neck pain and its ergonomic implications on workers in a
University setting in South Africa. The designs for this study were both cross-sectional descriptive survey and observational study. A total of 53 academic and administrative employees participated in this study. The mean age ± SD of participants was 46.45±8.31. The minimum age was 32 and maximum was 64 years old. About 71% of the female participants were at a high risk of sustaining back injuries. There was however no significant association between gender of participant and risk of sustaining back injury (p= 0.87). Administrators recorded the highest level of high risk of sustaining back injury, while lectures reported the highest level of medium risk of sustaining back pain at work. About 53% of respondent fall within the medium level of risk, another 26% were within the high level of risk. Administrators presented within the highest risk level of 41.2% in sustaining back injury. There was also no significant relationship between jobs and risk of sustaining back injuries (p=0.382). More females presented with medium to high risk of sustaining back injuries. Overall, the risk of sustaining back and neck pain amongst university employees was found to be medium to high. Gender was found to have no significant influence on the risk of sustaining back and neck injuries. Low back pain was also found to be common across the jobs, with adminstrators presenting higher risk by disciplines
Interprofessional care for chronic diseases of lifestyle
Full text linkPublic health and other healthcare practitioners are facing the challenges that arise from chronic diseases of lifestyle.
Astronomical increase in the prevalence and burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in the high and low/medium income
countries has been reported in literatures. Reducing the burden of chronic diseases of lifestyles requires steps that will be all
encompassing. Though, a variety of effective lifestyle modifications/interventions for chronic diseases of lifestyles exist, the
primary aim of each of them is to reduce the burden of chronic diseases of lifestyle, which can be achieved through different
ways. This review was carried out to highlight the common inter-professional ground in the prevention and management of
chronic diseases of lifestyle with special focus on physiotherapy. There have been little or no studies on joint efforts of healthcare
providers in preventing and managing chronic diseases of lifestyle. Also, there is a need to take into consideration social and
cultural values and differences of persons that might affect chronic diseases of lifestyle while planning the intervention
Mechanisms of sports injuries among professional footballers: a review
No full textFootball is an impact collision sport, with injuries occurring in both contact and non-contact situations. Injuries may be caused by complex interactions between internal and external risk factors. The internal factors such as age, sex, and body compositions may influence the risk of sustaining injuries, predisposing the player to injury, and are therefore by definitions risk factors. The main purpose of this study was to review articles and draw attention to the prevalence, severity and mechanism of football injuries. A review of 22 published articles was done using the Health internetwork access to Research (HINARI) Database. Search terms were sport injuries, injuries among Professional footballers, severity of football injuries, and prevalence of football injuries. Only articles in English literature were retrieved. No other search limit was set. prospective cohort, retrospective, cross sectional studies were chosen and in-depth interviews for review. Eleven articles were of prospective cohort study design; seven were retrospective studies, two cross sectional and two in- depth interview method. The articles revealed that the risk of injury in professional football is substantial; its prevalence astronomical and extremely severe. Injuries also affect performance in a negative way and teams that can avoid injuries have greater success as evaluated by their position in the league system. Prevention of injury in football is of utmost importance, and conducting an injury surveillance study is fundamental and first step in the sequence of prevention. On the mechanism of the injuries, their result showed that tackling/being tackled, jumping, landing, turning and twisting; running, shooting and collisions are the mechanism of football injuries. Most sprains occurred either after a tackling situation or after a change in direction It can be concluded from the review that the major mechanisms of traumatic football injuries were tackling/being tackled, jumping, landing, turning, falling and collisions with other players/opponents. Players' age, role/position of play, history of previous injuries, and psychological factors (like self-confidence, fear, somatic trait anxiety, aggression, poor stress coping ability) were identified as predictors of sports injuries in most of the literatures that the researchers reviewed
Concept analysis of collaboration in implementing problem-based learning in nursing education
Full text linkObjectives: The purpose of this concept analysis was to better understand and define collaboration as it relates to the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL).
Methods: The process of concept analysis was conducted in three phases; namely, theoretical or literature review, empirical or fieldwork; and analysis phases. Rodgers’ evolutionary approach was used to clarify the attributes, antecedents, surrogate, related terms and consequences of collaboration in implementing PBL. The search key terms were ‘collaboration’, ‘problem-based learning’, ‘nursing’ and ‘nursing education’. The search was performed in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline and PsycINFO databases. The articles were reviewed for trends that would reflect the current knowledge for collaboration as a concept. Descriptive qualitative study was used to collect data purposively from participants of three universities offering PBL in Republic of South Africa and three hospitals where PBL students are placed.
Results: Collaboration in implementing PBL is described as using the following terms: interpersonal, interactive and personal process, shared goal and governance. The antecedents of collaboration include commitment and support; common goal; formal agreement; training and development; and monitoring and evaluation of tools and mechanisms. Consequences of collaboration in implementing PBL are as follows: information, resource and expertise sharing; personal development and mentoring; creation of supportive and nurturing environment; professional socialisation; improved students’ outcomes; and effective utilisation of resources.
Conclusion: Effective collaboration within nursing education and with other healthcare professionals to achieve quality outcomes in an increasingly interdependent higher education system continues to grow in importance
Factors contributing to non-communicable diseases amongst nurses in a rural community of the North West Province of South Africa
Full text linkMNSc, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015Background: There is an increased contribution on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) to the burden of diseases, which are a growing cause of death and disability. The impact of obesity has become a seminal public health issue, especially diabetes and hypertension. Purpose: The study aimed at investigating the factors contributing to NCDs amongst nurses in a rural community of the North-West Province of South Africa. Methods: The design for this study was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Participants were 150 nurses. The instrument for data collection was a self-administered questionnaire. Permission to conduct this study was sought from DoH and hospital management. The Government Employee Medical Scheme (GEMS) assisted
with collecting data on blood pressure, blood glucose, BMI, weight, and other anthropometric measurements. Chi square and the generalized linear model were used to determine the possible relationship between and effects of demographic features, dietary and drinking patterns as well as anthropometric features on obesity.
Results and conclusions: The results of this study showed that marital status, physical activity, increased intake of chicken , fried foods, fruit juice, alcohol , as well as less intake of water had an impact on NCDs, especially obesity among professional and enrolled nurses. The study also found out that waist-to-hip ratio as well as body weight are predictors of obesity among nurses. It is important therefore that the awareness of the risk of NCDs such as obesity be emphasized among nurses of all categories. Recommendation: The participation of nurses in the wellness programme should be encouraged and possibly made compulsory in order to reduce the risk of NCDs among nurses in the North-West Province.Master
Investigation of inter-professional collaboration between traditional health practitioner sand community nurses at primary health care in the Ngaka Modiri Molema district in the North West Province(NWP)
Full text linkM (Comunity Nursing), North-West University, Mafikeng CampusThis study investigated and described the nature and extent of inter-professional
collaboration between the Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) and Community
Nurses (CNs) in Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Ngaka Modiri Molema (NMM) district
of North West Province of South Africa.
Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used in this study.
Data was collected with a self constructed questionnaire from 264 CNs and 217 THPs
in the five sub districts of NMM. Descriptive data was analyzed using Statistical
Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.
Findings: Majority (76%) of healthcare professionals were females. There was no
significant relationship between the respondents' age, gender and educational level
towards inter-professional collaboration (p>0.05). A total of 162 (82, 2%) of CNs and
205 (95, 8%) of THPs indicated that they respect each other as healthcare
professionals in their own right. The high percentage of respect was an expectation of
positive inter-professional collaboration. Mutual respect is key element to success
between and among the professionals. A total of 69, 6% of CNs would not advise
patients to consult THPs whereas (97, 2%) of THPs would advice patients to consult
CNs. A total of 191 (95 %) of CNs have never referred patients to THPs. The study
revealed that 204 (95, 3 %) of the THPs indicated that they will refer patients to the CNs
without fear, guilt or insecurity. Majority of healthcare professionals, that is 177 (68, 8%)
of CNs and 148 (92, 1 %) of THPs support working together.
Conclusion
This study revealed that the there was no significant association between inter-professional
collaboration between the THPs and CNs at PHC in Ngaka Modiri Molema;
however, there was willingness by healthcare professionals to collaborate.Master
Clinical Supervision and Support: Exploring Pre-registration Nursing Students’ Clinical Practice in Malawi
Full text linkBackground: Supervised clinical practice plays a significant role in the nursing profession, as it has an influence on the students’ clinical learning. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore how the pre-registration nursing students find their experience on clinical supervision in the clinical placements. Methods: The study used both quantitative and qualitative approach to collect data through focus groups (n = 144) and self-administered questionnaires (n = 590) from nursing students of various programmes in selected colleges in Malawi. Results: About 75% (n = 443) of the participants indicated that they received supervision from both clinical staff and Nurse Educator. However, qualitative results indicated that students received inadequate clinical supervision. Themes that emerged from the discussion included lack of human resources, learning support, availability of instructors yet not supporting learning, job insecurity and lack of remuneration as reasons for lack of supervision, role models and student guidance despite pressure and self-directed. Conclusion: There is a need for clear policies regarding clinical supervision as well as a structured and well monitored process.<p
The UEFA model in identification of types, severity and mechanism of injuries among professional footballers in the Nigerian Premier League
No full textBackground. Association football, otherwise known as soccer, is the most popular sport in the world. The increase in the popularity of the
game and the expectations from players make injury risk in football high.
Objective. To describe the types, severity, prevalence and mechanism of injuries among professional footballers in the Nigeria Premier
League (NPL).
Methods. The Union of European Football Association (UEFA) Injury Study Questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of
240 footballers from 11 clubs, who participated in the 2011/2012 NPL premiership season, was selected through proportionate stratified
random sampling technique, and the participants were studied using a prospective cohort study design for 6 months. Descriptive statistics
of means, percentages and frequency distributions were used to answer the research questions.
Results. The mean (standard deviation) age, height and weight of the injured footballers was 22.9 (3.4) years, 1.69 (0.05) m and 71.3 (3.9) kg,
respectively. There was a high injury prevalence (78%) associated with actual league games, whereas the incidence rate per 1 000-hour
exposure was 300.2 exposure-hours from 19 games within 6 months. Sprain (32%) was the predominant type of injury recorded. The tackle
event (34%) was the predominant mechanism of injury recorded, and 63% of the injuries led to 1 - 3 days of player absence from football
activities. Most of the injuries were recurrent injuries (63%).
Conclusion. This study showed a high occurrence of injuries in the NPL, in particular associated with league (competitive) games. The findings
of this study will serve to guide the development and implementation of injury prevention strategies in the NPL
Nursing students clinical learning experiences in selected Colleges in Malawi : a model to facilitate clinical learning
Full text linkPhD (Nursing Education), North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2015This study examined nursing students‟ clinical learning experiences in selected nursing colleges in Malawi. The importance of clinical practice cannot be overemphasized in nursing education, as nursing is a practice based profession. The quality of nurse education largely depends on clinical experience that nursing students receive in their operating clinical environment which can have a profound impact on their learning either positively or negatively.
The objectives were to investigate i) the effectiveness of clinical learning across different levels, within and between training institutions. ii) the challenges experienced by nursing students in clinical practice.
Concurrent triangulation design was used to explore nursing students‟ clinical experiences from eight (8) selected nursing education institutions from first, second and third year students pursing Bachelor‟s degree, Diploma and Nurse Midwife Technicians (NMT) nursing education programmes selected purposively. Quantitative data was collected using self-administered questionnaires from 590 participants recruited through simple random sampling. Through purposive sampling, 144 students were involved in sixteen focus groups of nine participants in each group. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software (version 22.0). Data were analysed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Univariate analysis was used to measure socio-demographic characteristics of participants and independent variables. Bivariate analysis (One-way ANOVA) was performed to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. Binary logistic regression was used to develop logistic model showing the odds of independent variables having the probability effect on the dependent variables. Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS; Atlas ti (version 7) was used to analyse data collected from focus groups discussions.
Results showed that about 73% of the students in this study indicated that there was no integration of theory and practice. The odds of Integrating theory and practice was less likely in almost all variables, including programme p < 0.010, institution p < 0.001 and level of study p < 0.001, hospital and duration of study p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively and number of times students met with the NE p < 0.001. RN diploma ( ̅x) -0.1810, p < 0.03 was less likely to integrate theory and practice compared to those in the BSc programme. Students in third year ( ̅x) 0.1518, p < 0.005 were less likely to integrate theory and practice compared to those in their first year. About 75% of students were not given feedback on their performance in the clinical setting. These variables contributed significantly; institution of study p < 0.005, level of study p < 0.001, duration of placement p < 0.009 and number of times students met the NE p < 0.016.
The results from the qualitative data showed that students were not adequately supervised as they learned on their own. The study also found from the discussions that there were poor student-staff relationships.
In conclusion, in spite of the importance of clinical practice in preparing the nursing students for the work they do as practicing nurses after graduation, this study has shown that clinical practice had inadequately prepared students for the nursing profession in selected institutions in Malawi. These findings may have implications on the policies and practice of nursing education in Malawi.
Further research would be recommended to analyze the curricula in relation to the quality of clinical learning.Doctora
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