8 research outputs found
Peace-Building in Pakistan: Khwaja Sira Activism
Full text linkThe Pakistani khwaja sira community have faced significant oppression and structural violence throughout much of history. Khwaja sira is an umbrella term used for the trans, intersex and gender non-conforming people in South-East Asia; it is being used to replace the word hijra because many people in the community feel as though it has a negative connotation. Historically, they were given honourable and valued social positions, however through colonization they were labelled with a subordinate social class. Until 2009, this community did not have access to civil rights. This essay discusses the activism that resulted in the reversal of the structurally violent policies that oppressed the khwaja sira community.Peer reviewedstudent peer-reviewed journal articlefinal article publishe
Empowering Growth: Implementation of Sustainable Software Requirement Engineering Practices in Pakistan
Full text linkIntroduction/Importance of Study: Sustainability must be integrated into Software Requirements Engineering due to the environmental implications of software systems.Novelty Statement: This research addresses the current gap in sustainable Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) by providing guidelines for integrating sustainable practices into software development.Material and Method: An online survey was conducted using self-developed questionnaires designed to gather information on current sustainability practices in Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) among software professionals. The questionnaires, distributed via Google Forms, aimed to capture respondents\u27 perspectives on the relevance of sustainable practices in the field.Result and Discussion: The findings indicate that active stakeholder engagement, the use of energy-efficient algorithms, and the establishment of continuous improvement procedures are crucial for sustainable Software Requirements Engineering (SRE). Additionally, financial incentives and well-defined criteria for evaluating environmental impact emerged as significant factors. Among the successful practices recommended for integration into software development are audits, training programs, and the adoption of renewable energy practices.Concluding Remarks: Incorporating sustainability into Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) enhances environmental sustainability and supports organizations\u27 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) objectives, positioning them as key contributors to sustainable software engineering
Empowering Growth: Implementation of Sustainable Software Requirement Engineering Practices in Pakistan
Full text linkIntroduction/Importance of Study: Sustainability must be integrated into Software Requirements Engineering due to the environmental implications of software systems.Novelty Statement: This research addresses the current gap in sustainable Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) by providing guidelines for integrating sustainable practices into software development.Material and Method: An online survey was conducted using self-developed questionnaires designed to gather information on current sustainability practices in Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) among software professionals. The questionnaires, distributed via Google Forms, aimed to capture respondents\u27 perspectives on the relevance of sustainable practices in the field.Result and Discussion: The findings indicate that active stakeholder engagement, the use of energy-efficient algorithms, and the establishment of continuous improvement procedures are crucial for sustainable Software Requirements Engineering (SRE). Additionally, financial incentives and well-defined criteria for evaluating environmental impact emerged as significant factors. Among the successful practices recommended for integration into software development are audits, training programs, and the adoption of renewable energy practices.Concluding Remarks: Incorporating sustainability into Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) enhances environmental sustainability and supports organizations\u27 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) objectives, positioning them as key contributors to sustainable software engineering
Identification of key issues and challenges in mobile app development: An insight in to Pakistan industry
Full text linkWith the rapid growth in usage of mobile phones specifically the smart phones, there is an ever increasing demand for latest mobile apps. With this demand, comes the challenge for developers to build apps in such a way as to provide security, easy navigation, efficient memory utilization and reliability to the end users. To find out these and other challenges that are commonly faced by developers, a survey was conducted specifically for the Pakistan industry. It was found that time and budget constraints play vital role in delivering apps to customers at right time. As far as features are concerned security and integration with third party API provide a challenge to the developers
Phytoremediation of atmospheric pollutants in the era of climate change
No full textIt is now widely recognized that natural vegetation and many economically important crop species are significantly harmed by a variety of compounds that are found in the atmosphere in the form of pollutants. These pollutants are the result of anthropomorphic actions, which lead to increasing concentrations of harmful chemicals in the atmosphere. These include oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, ozone (O 3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide, fluorides, and organic particulate matter (PM). With regard to the effect of these chemicals on crops and other vegetable species, the amount and type of damage depend on the concentration of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere, the duration of the exposure time for the crops, and the nature of the growing season. Furthermore, the genotype of the plant governs the extent of damage caused by these atmospheric pollutants and can result in either acute or chronic damage. Polluting chemical contaminants have a variety of direct impacts on vegetation, which can include the plants' heat exchange parameters, together with their biological properties, antimicrobial activities, gene functions, and yielding characteristics. In addition, they frequently show modifications to the foliar structure and photosynthetic processes, which can cause an increase in the emission of reactive oxygen species, which are harmful to the plants' biological, physiological, and biochemical processes. These species can include hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide, and, consequently, the health of crops, for example, will require remedial action, such as the neutralization of free radicals by the formation and coordinated action of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. In order to contribute to such remediation processes, this chapter has focused on these air pollutants and their impact on vital physiological functions such as photosynthesis, respiration, carbon allocation, and the stomatal function of plants. © The Author(s). All rights reserved
Prevalence of Anal Fistulas in Europe: Systematic Literature Reviews and Population-Based Database Analysis
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Particulate Matter 2.5 Pollution Impact on Comorbid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the U.S.
No full textBackground: Evidence regarding the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and comorbid cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is limited. Objectives: In this study, the author report the association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and CVD mortality, cancer mortality and comorbid cancer and CVD mortality in the U.S. population. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER (Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) multiple-cause-of-death database was used to obtain U.S. county-level mortality and population estimates from 2016 to 2020. Data on average daily density of PM 2.5 were abstracted from the 2018 CDC’s National Environmental Public Health Tracking system. Counties were divided into quartiles with Q1 representing counties with least average daily density and Q4 representing counties with maximum average daily density of PM 2.5. Age-adjusted mortality rates were abstracted for each quartile, for the overall population and subgroups of population. Results: The age-adjusted mortality rates for CVD, cancer, and comorbid cancer and CVD mortality were 505.3 (range: 505.0-505.7), 210.7 (range: 210.5-210.9), and 62.0 (range: 61.8-62.1) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. CVD mortality had the highest percentage excess mortality in Q4 compared with Q1, followed by comorbid cancer and CVD. Cancer had the least percentage excess mortality. A disproportionate effect of PM 2.5 exposure was noted on vulnerable and minority groups, based on Social Vulnerability Index and race stratification, respectively. Conclusions: Higher levels of long-term PM 2.5 exposure reported increased CVD mortality, cancer mortality and comorbid cancer and CVD disease mortality, with a pronounced detrimental effect in vulnerable and minority population
