100 research outputs found
Psychological analysis of Younis Al-Khattat, the novel Honaa Al-Warda According to Freud's theory
No full textSigmund Freud provided the basis for analyzing literary works using psychoanalytic methods. The novel Honaa Al-warda, by the Jordanian writer Amjad Nasser, is one of the political novels in which the author paid special attention to psychological issues and the hidden struggle of the inner forces of the novel’s hero, Younis Al-Khattat, in dealing with its subject. Therefore, the current research attempts to study the internal conflict of Yunus Al-Khattat, the hero of this novel, based on Freud’s theory, and to analyze the outcome of the battle between the id, the ego, and the superego over his individual and social life. The results of the research indicate that heredity, family environment, relationships with peers, the tense political and social atmosphere, and the propaganda of intellectual and political organizations play a major role in shaping Yunus’s acute internal conflict. His comprehensive internal anxiety is caused by the establishment’s pressures on himself and his logical ability and its insistence on quickly meeting its irrational, material and emotional demands, as well as the destructive and false ideals of the superego that lead him to many adventures and ambitions, and work that leads to the assassination of the president and exposes his life, his fate, and the fate of his family to danger.Keywords: psychoanalysis, Freud's theory, Amjad Nasser, Honaa Al-Warda's novel, Younis Al-Khattat. Extended Summary IntroductionPsychoanalysis is a literary criticism method that studies psychological novels and, through exploring the characters in the novel, explains how their personality is constructed. Systematic and scientific criticism of psychology began concurrently with the beginning of psychology and the publication of Sigmund Freud's works at the end of the nineteenth century. Since Freud was the first to subject literature to psychological interpretation, he had a great interest in reading literary works, as literature had a profound impact on his personal and scientific life, and he used it to expand the horizons of his work in psychoanalysis as well as to expand the scope of his psychological discourse. His views on the personal characteristics of writers and artists are not merely psychoanalytic, but rather a combination of psychological theories and his literary taste. Amjad Nasser is a well-known Jordanian creative writer who has paid special attention to psychological issues in writing his novels. Honaa Al-Warda is Nasser's second novel nominated for the International Booker Prize in 2018. It narrates the life events of a leftist activist named "Younis Al-Khattat" and expresses all the traits of his personality in the form of behaviors, actions, and political adventures. Honaa Al-Warda is a political novel that shows the developments in the Arab world in the seventies. Therefore, the psychological analysis of the main character in this novel can express the influence of individuals in society in Arab countries from political, social, cultural, and intellectual circumstances and represents many historical unknowns. Therefore, the current study, based on Freud's theory on the three levels of personality, attempts to study the role of the internal conflict of Younis, the hero of the novel, in shaping his personality type. First, Freud's theory and the tripartite structure of personality are analyzed from his point of view, then Younis's internal developments are analyzed according to Freud's theories and the impact of his internal conflict on his personal and social life is expressed. This research aims to answer these questions:1- What are Nasser's goals in creating the character of Younis?2- How does the battle between the id and the ego occur in the character of Younis and what is the result of the subconscious's dominance over his consciousness?3- How does the Oedipus complex affect the creation of the superego of Younis and what is the result of the conflict of the ego with the superego?4- How does the conflict of the three forces in the character of Younis affect his personal and social life?MethodologyFreud is considered the first psychologist to assign a specific structure to the human personality in which the internal actions of the human being are formed under the influence of instincts and conflicting forces. From the beginning of his life until its end, the human being constantly fights and quarrels with various forces and people, but this battle is not limited to the outside world. "Freud searches for this conflict in the depths of human existence, which causes the formation of the human personality and intellectual development"; the human world is an arena of confrontation between different forces that interact automatically with each other, which leads to the health of the human soul and spirit, and the absence of this interaction causes anxiety and insecurity in the human personality. Freud sees that the structure of the human personality includes three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. "These three parts of the personality interact at three levels of psychological life with each other, and the ego passes through different spatial levels and has conscious, semi-conscious, and unconscious elements. While the superego is semi-conscious and unconscious, the id is completely unconscious"; these levels are completely intertwined and cannot be separated, and the ego exists at all these levels under different conditions.DiscussionBy describing the whispers of Younis Al-Khattat and his tense inner life from childhood to youth, Amjad Nasser depicts the role of the authoritarian atmosphere, suffocation, lack of freedom and social justice, and the violation of the principle of democracy that govern some Arab countries in shaping the internal conflict of individuals in Arab societies and the desire for violent actions. He also criticizes the exploitation of authoritarian individuals like Younis by political organizations that push them, by stimulating their internal forces, to violence and terrorism in order to achieve their goals. In reality, the dreams of such a generation of young people turn into a pile of ashes. The id's insistence on satisfying his material, immoral and irrational needs leads to the formation of his aggressive, hasty and reckless personality that exhausts his rationality and ego with repeated demands. The id of Yunus, by its rebellion against the ego, passes from the unconscious and semi-conscious area and enters the conscious level, and the ego weakens and is unable to provide Yunus with the appropriate ideas and solutions to overcome problems, and great anxiety and confusion dominate his existence.ConclusionThe superego of Younis, due to the failure to resolve the Oedipus complex in his childhood and his failure to undergo the process of understanding his parents’ behavior and not following their orders and what should and should not be done, takes on an abnormal, unnatural, and neurotic state. Younis thinks that his father is his competitor in winning his mother’s love, and he constantly tries to rescue himself from his father’s control. The desire for superiority and authority becomes entrenched in him, and the false ideal ego is formed in him, far from external reality, leading to walking in a world of fantasy and dreams, and causing the superego and its unreasonable ideals to turn against the ego and blame it for following the principle of reality. It is stubborn like the id and insists on achieving its demands in an irrational way, which makes Younis justify terrorism and violence and consider it a value and a custom, regardless of his responsibilities towards his wife and family. The Sources and References:A: Books Abbas, Faisal, Psychoanalysis and Freudian Tendencies, Clinical Comparison, I1, Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1996. ]In Arabic[A group of authors, References Personality, Id, Ego and Superego, translated by: Wajih Asaad, Damascus: Publications of the Ministry of Culture of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2002. ]In Arabic[Engler, Barbara, Introduction to Personality Theories, translated by: Fahd bin Abdullah bin Dulaim, Mecca, Taif Literary Club Publications,1411. ]In Arabic[Feist, Jess, Feist, Gregory J, Personality Theories, translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi, I5, Tehran: Nash Ravan, 1389. ]In Persian[Freud, Sigmund, The Ego and the Id, translated by Muhammad Othman Najati, I4, Beirut: Dar Al-Shorouk, 1982. ]In Arabic[Freud, Sigmund, Instinct and culture, studies in psychology, translated by Hussein Al-Mawazni, I1, Baghdad-Beirut: Al-Jamal Publications, 2017. ]In Arabic[Freud, Sigmund, Al-Kaf, Affection, and Anxiety, translated by Muhammad Othman Najati, I4, Beirut-Cairo: Dar Al-Shorouk, 1989. ]In Arabic[Freud, Sigmund, New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, translated by Izzat Rajeh, Misr Printing House. ]In Arabic[Freud, Sigmund, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, translated by Ishaq Ramzi, I5, Dar Al-Maaref. ]In Arabic[Freud, Sigmund, Summary of Psychoanalysis, translated by George Tarabishi, I2, Beirut: Dar Al-Tali’ah, 1986. ]In Arabic[11.Freud, Sigmund, Ego and Id, translated by Amin Pasha Samadian, Tehran: Pandar Taban, 2014. ]In Persian[Freud, Sigmund, Heads of psychoanalytic theory, translated by Hossein Payandeh, Arghonun magazine, number 22, 2001. ]In Persian[Nasser, Amjad, Hona Al-warda, Beirut: Dar Al-Adab, 2017. ]In Arabic[Shultz, Dovan, Theories of Personality, translated by Yusuf Karimi and colleagues, I10, Tehran: Arsbaran, 2012. ]In Persian[B: University ThesesDimesh, Hanan and Laila Boudiar, “Application of the Psychological Method according to Ahmed Haydouche,” a thesis for obtaining a master’s degree in Arabic language and literature, supervised by: Nabila Aabash, Muhammad Al-Sadiq Ben Yahia University, Jijel, 2014 AD. ]In Arabic[ C: MagazinesAl-Khaironi, Halima and Abdul-Ghani bin Muhammad, “The Psychological Method in Literary Analysis: The Novel as a Model,” Scientific Journal of Language and Culture, Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’azzam Shah International Islamic University, Malaysia, 2022 AD, Volume 7, Issue 2, pp. 21-/34. ]In Arabic[Hosseini, Seyyed Sajid and Bakhtiar Sajjadi, Representation of the semi-conscious in the narrative from a psychoanalytic perspective: Examining the flow of the mind in the short story "Tomorrow" by Sadegh Hedayat", Contemporary Persian Literature, Year 8, Number 2, 2017, pp. 35-62. ]In Persian[Maarouf, Yahya and Muslim Khezeli, "Criticism of the psychology of personality in Motanbi's poems", Arabic Literature, Issue 2, 1392, pp. 193-216. ]In Persian[Maarouf, Yahya and Muslim Khazli, "Psychological analysis of the novel Zaqaq al-Mudaq by Najib Mahfouz", Critic of Contemporary Arabic Literature, Volume 6, Number 11, 1395, pp. 211-235. ]In Persian[.20.Yohnai, Massoud Reza, review of conscious and unconscious from Sartre and Freud's point of view, Afaq Humanities Monthly, year 4, number 38, 2019, pp. 81-/96. ]In Persian
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Red Herring for Primary Appendiceal Carcinoma
Get PDFRecurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common issue in females owing mostly to the anatomy of their urinary tract. It can also hint at a pathology pertaining to the pelvic organs like tumors or infections that infiltrate the urinary bladder. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who initially presented to her GP with recurrent UTI’s worsening after the insertion of a Mirena coil for contraception. Primary appendiceal carcinomas invading the urinary bladder are very infrequent presentations in general practice. A low threshold for diagnosis should be kept in individuals with chronic symptoms pertaining to the urinary tract and adequate treatment started early to prevent spread
Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Marginal Ulcer After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Report and Review of Literature
No full textA critical Hadith study of the Tablighi Nisab and its intellectual impact on the Jama at Al-Tabligh.
Get PDFIt is common knowledge that movements are based on ideologies that are considered to be the foundation of their methodologies and policies. Often, these ideologies are disseminated in letters, books or other publications that present them in the form of texts that are available to the public and become sources of information about these movements. The Jamā‘at Al-Tablīgh is one of the movements that plays an important role in the sphere of Islamic Da‘wah (mission). This movement adopts some techniques of Da‘wah; one of the most important among them being Targhīb, which expounds the merits and benefits of virtuous deeds. This research studies one of the most popular books of the movement, titled in Urdu Tablīghī Nisāb, which uses this sort of technique. It was written by the famous H adīth scholar and the general supervisor of the movement, Shaykh Muhammad Zakariyyā Kāndahlawī. The first publication of the book in Urdu was in (1374 H./1955 CE.). It has been translated into several different languages, and this reflects the importance of the book. The thesis falls into six chapters, including the introduction as chapter one and the conclusion as chapter six. Chapter two talks about the definition of weak Ahadīth and its different types, criteria used to determine weak Ahādīth, different trends among the scholars regarding weak Ahādīth, the consequences of using and publicizing weak and fabricated Ahādīth. Chapter three deals with the biography of the author of the Tablīghī Nisāb, while chapter four focuses on the book itself, by specifying the original name of it and looking at the different editions and translations, and compares the original Urdu with the Arabic and English versions. The chapter also discusses the methodology of the author in his book. Chapter five is a critical study of the Ahādīth of the Tablīghī Nisāb, whether found in the main text of the book or in the commentary to verify the Ahādīth in terms of their authenticity or weakness
A Cutting-Edge Hybrid Approach for Precise COVID-19 Detection using Deep Learning
No full textThe early detection of COVID-19 is essential for decision-makers to develop effective containment and treatment plans. Traditionally, researchers interpret computer tomography (CT) scans or X-ray images in order to diagnose this disease. This study aims to demonstrate that deep learning models can be applied to three common medical imaging modes: X-rays, ultrasounds, and CT scans. This study employs and enhances four convolutional neural networks for coronavirus detection, including DenseNet121, ResNet101V2, NASNetMobile, and MobileNetV2. In this study, two main experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, a model was developed by combining imagery data to detect this virus. In order to determine which model performed the best, separate models were trained using different datasets in the second experiment. Because there were only so many photos accessible, data augmentation techniques were used to enhance the amount artificially. The results indicate that the proposed models effectively accomplished the task of classifying COVID-19. The accuracy rates achieved by the combined model, utilizing DenseNet121, ResNet101V2, NASNetMobile, and MobileNetV2, were 88.21%, 93.02%, and 88.89% respectively. When using the combined imaging dataset, the CNN model employing ResNet101v2 exhibited superior accuracy compared to NASNetMobile, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV2 models
A Cutting-Edge Hybrid Approach for Precise COVID-19 Detection using Deep Learning
No full textThe early detection of COVID-19 is essential for decision-makers to develop effective containment and treatment plans. Traditionally, researchers interpret computer tomography (CT) scans or X-ray images in order to diagnose this disease. This study aims to demonstrate that deep learning models can be applied to three common medical imaging modes: X-rays, ultrasounds, and CT scans. This study employs and enhances four convolutional neural networks for coronavirus detection, including DenseNet121, ResNet101V2, NASNetMobile, and MobileNetV2. In this study, two main experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, a model was developed by combining imagery data to detect this virus. In order to determine which model performed the best, separate models were trained using different datasets in the second experiment. Because there were only so many photos accessible, data augmentation techniques were used to enhance the amount artificially. The results indicate that the proposed models effectively accomplished the task of classifying COVID-19. The accuracy rates achieved by the combined model, utilizing DenseNet121, ResNet101V2, NASNetMobile, and MobileNetV2, were 88.21%, 93.02%, and 88.89% respectively. When using the combined imaging dataset, the CNN model employing ResNet101v2 exhibited superior accuracy compared to NASNetMobile, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV2 models.
Manuscript received: 23 Jan 2024 | Revised: 26 Feb 2024 | Accepted: 25 Mar 2024 | Published: : 30 Apr 202
The study of light nuclei production in different interactions at 4.2 AGeV/c
Get PDFAverage multiplicity of light nuclei, produced in different interactions at 4.2A GeV/c is studied as a function of centrality. A change in multiplicity is observed with increase in the mass of projectile. In 12CC-interactions an unexpected increase in the multiplicity is seen in the most central events. These measurements are compared with the predictions of Cascade and Fritiof models, which fail to account for the experimentally observed effects. In case of 12CC, it is suggested that the inclusion of nuclear coalescence effect can be an explanatory reason for the deviation of experimental measurements from the models’ predictions.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
CROSS CULTURAL ADAPTION, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF URDU VERSIONS OF WOMAC INDEX FOR KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS INDEX
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to translate and cross culturally adapt Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) from source language, English to target language, Urdu. Moreover, to establish its internal consistency, test-retest reliability and validity among knee osteoarthritis patients.
Methods: WOMAC was first translated from English to Urdu as per international standardized guidelines. The synthesized version of WOMAC Urdu was initially tested in 12 patients. Final established WOMAC Urdu was administered to 120 knee osteoarthritis patients two times with a 48-hour gap between. IBM Statistics Software SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze scores.
Results: Results showed an excellent internal consistency Cronbach’s Alpha ranging from 0.816 to 0.920 for subscales of pain, stiffness and physical function. Intraclass coefficient was ranging from 0.769 to 0.945, Spearman Correlation 0.841 to 0.844 with significant correlation 0.027. There was no ceiling or floor effect with 100% kappa agreement. An excellent content validity was exhibited by significant difference of score with changing severity of knee osteoarthritis.
Conclusion: The findings conclude that WOMAC Urdu cross culturally adapted and found to be valid and reliable outcome measure for knee osteoarthritis in Urdu speaking patients.
Keywords: WOMAC Urdu, Knee Osteoarthritis, Cross Cultural Adaptation, Health Status, Reliabilit
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