1,721,463 research outputs found
The classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast and its clinical relevance
No full textNeuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast (Br-NENs) are rare tumors of the mammary gland. Their definition and classification have been a matter of discussion for more than half a century, as they present some degree of overlap with other malignancies in the mammary gland. The recent evolutions in the understanding of the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) as well as the novel tools in the diagnostic arsenal of the pathologists, and a better correlation with clinical data, have led to improved classification schemes for these entities, beginning from those arising in digestive and thoracic organs. These new classification concepts have been recently expanded to NENs arising in every anatomical site, with the proposal of a common classification framework that has been applied in the 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumors. These concepts include the recognition of two distinct families of NENs (neuroendocrine tumors, NETs, and neuroendocrine carcinomas, NECs), the identification of mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms, and the application of definite morphological and immunohistochemical criteria for the diagnosis of NENs. The last WHO classification of Br-NENs, however, still seems to leave several unanswered questions and unmet needs in the understanding of diagnostic and clinical features of these entities. This review will critically revise the current classification of Br-NENs, underlining its lights and shadows and focusing on the identification of diagnostic histopathological criteria that can help the univocal recognition of Br-NET, Br-NEC, and Br-MiNEN
Looking into digestive mixed neuroendocrine – nonneuroendocrine neoplasms: subtypes, prognosis, and predictive factors
No full textMixed neuroendocrine – nonneuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) of the digestive system represent a challenge for both pathologists and clinicians. Their nomenclature has changed several times, and their diagnostic criteria, classification and clinical behaviour have been matter of debate over the years. Although several attempts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis and biology of MiNENs, some issues remain open. This review will provide: a historical background that helps in understanding the evolution of the concept and nomenclature of mixed neoplasms; a revision of the knowledge on this topic, including molecular aspects, to give the reader a comprehensive and practical overview on this challenging field of pathology; a focus on the diagnostic criteria and on the determination of prognostic and predictive factors; and a description of the different tumour types in the different sites of origin
First trimester maternal serum markers of aneuploidy and the risk of intrapartum fetal compromise
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach. Update on diagnostic criteria, classification, and prognostic markers
Full text linkGastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs) encompass all the spectrum of NENs including neuroendocrine carcinomas (gNECs), mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (gMiNENs) and neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs). Differently from other digestive sites, gNETs are subclassified according to the clinicopathologic setting in which they arise, with important prognostic implications. Since gastric endoscopic biopsies represent a high-volume daily activity in both referral and community hospitals, pathologists should be increasingly aware of this disease. This will allow to correctly identify the different entities and, when present, their precursor lesions, giving useful information to clinicians for the best patient management. This review paper aims to provide morphologic, immunophenotypic, and, when necessary, molecular criteria for the correct diagnosis and subtyping of gNENs. In addition, a simplified prognostic classification schema of enterochromaffin-like (ECL)-cell NETs is proposed, based on gastrin serum levels and the status of gastric acid secretion
Mini-laparoscopic Sentinel Node Detection in Endometrial Cancer: Further Reducing Invasiveness for Patients with Early-Stage Disease
Full text linkLymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have been proposed as a safer and less morbid approach than full lymphadenectomy for patients with early endometrial cancer (EC), through either cervical or corporeal dye injection.1 (-) 4 The advantage of mini-laparoscopy is a further reduction in the overall surgical trauma for the patient. This video aims to show the feasibility of SLN biopsy using a 3-mm mini-laparoscopic approach
Reducing the Rate of Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy for Fibroids in Favor of Abdominal Surgery - There Is Always Something Evil in Good Intentions
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