1,721,008 research outputs found
Raman characterisation of powder of cubic RE2O3 (RE = Nd, Gd, Dy, Tm, and Lu), Sc2O3 and Y2O3
No full textRaman spectra of cubic Sc2O3, Y2O3 and C-type rare earth oxides are presented. Cubic Nd2O3 is prepared by thermal decomposition of its hydroxide. The decomposition mechanism happens in two steps. At the end of this process cubic Nd2O3 form. All Raman spectra are characterised by the presence of a very strong band in the range 320–420 cm−1, depending on the lattice parameter of each oxide. Frequency of this line decreases increasing the cell constant, meaning that the structure becomes less rigid. A simply approach is used in order to give a consistent evaluation of the force constant of each oxide. The position of the low wave number bands depends mainly on the cationic mass, meaning that these bands are not due to stretching vibrations, but rather to bending vibrations
Radiopharmaceuticals for Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Current Approaches and Future Directions
Full text linkThe poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer requires novel treatment options. This review examines the evolution of radiopharmaceuticals in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Established strategies such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) offer targeted and effective treatment, compared to conventional treatments. However, there are currently no radiopharmaceuticals approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in Europe, which requires further research and novel approaches. New radiopharmaceuticals including radiolabeled antibodies, peptides, and nanotechnological approaches are promising in addressing the challenges of pancreatic cancer therapy. These new agents may offer more specific targeting and potentially improve efficacy compared to traditional therapies. Further research is needed to optimize efficacy, address limitations, and explore the overall potential of these new strategies in the treatment of this aggressive and harmful pathology
Future development of global molybdenum-99 production and saving of atmospheric radioxenon emissions by using nuclear fusion-based approaches
No full textTechnetium-99m, the decay product of molybdenum-99, is the most used medical isotope in diagnostic imaging. The future disruptions of molybdenum-99 supply, due to the final shut down of some old producing reactors, has led some current global supplies to plan the expansion of their production capacity. While other countries are developing own production facilities to supply their domestic demand. The global increase of molybdenum-99 production in the coming years could increase by about five times the current demand, with about the 50 percent of additional production in North America. Xenon radionuclides are an inevitable by-product of the nuclear plants production, and their periodically release into the atmosphere, contribute to the background that is also revealed by the IMS stations of the CBTO treaty. In this framework, the development of new technologies, posing no risk in relation to nuclear proliferation and do not result in emissions of radioxenon, could mitigate the issues related to the forecast increase of molybdenum-99 production worldwide. In Italy, an alternative 99Mo production project, the project ENEA Sorgentina, based on the irradiation of molybdenum by neutrons produced by a deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion process, is under development. This facility will not release radioxenon into the atmosphere, so it will not affect the background value in the atmosphere in Southern Europe
Study of the optical properties of ionic liquids by Liquid Scintillation Counting
No full textIonic liquids (ILs) are promising materials in a range of environmentally friendly chemical processes, as they have a number of advantages as “green solvents” over conventional molecular organic solvents. Our interest is in their potential use as CO2 trapping reagents alternative to traditional amine-based solvents for radiocarbon analysis in Liquid Scintillation Counting. Currently there are no information concerning the compatibility of such materials with scintillation cocktail and technique. Preliminary results on two commercial ILs properties are herein presented
Characterization and Formation Mechanism of Ag2MoO4 Crystals via Precipitation Method: Influence of Experimental Parameters and Crystal Morphology
No full textAg2MoO4 crystals were prepared by a precipitation method by mixing parent solutions of silver nitrate and sodium molybdate. The effects of experimental parameters such as temperature, concentration, and pH were studied. The samples were found to be crystalline, pure, and monophasic in all cases, except in the case of very low pH. The precipitation leads to the formation of the cubic phase β and no secondary phase is present within the limits of detection of XRD and Raman spectroscopy. However, in some cases, at high temperature and high pH, silver oxide nanoparticles form on the surfaces of the crystals, which create a fluorescence background in the Raman spectra, which is otherwise absent. Analyses with the electron microscope have highlighted that the most common crystalline shape is octahedral, which is the most prevalent at low temperatures and pH around 7, but others are also possible, in particular at high temperatures. No growth occurs after precipitation, so crystals with different appearances form at the same time
Convenzione “CTBT” tra il Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale ed ENEA – Rapporto periodico I-2023 (1/1/2023-31/3/2023)
No full textL’Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA) e il Ministero degli Affari Esteri e Cooperazione Internazionale (MAECI) collaborano ai fini degli adempimenti previsti dalla legge 15 dicembre 1998, n. 484, così come modificata dalla L. 24 luglio 2003 n. 197, per la ratifica e l’esecuzione del Trattato per il Bando Totale degli Esperimenti Nucleari (CTBT, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty), con protocollo e annessi, adottato a New York dall’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite il 10 settembre 1996. Nell’ambito del Centro Nazionale Dati (NDC), il ruolo dell’ENEA consiste nel fornire supporto tecnico all’Autorità Nazionale (MAECI) nella verifica dell’applicazione del CTBT. In particolare, l’ENEA è responsabile del monitoraggio e analisi dei dati provenienti dal Sistema Internazionale di Monitoraggio (IMS) per il rilevamento di radionuclidi (particolato e gas nobili), che è una delle quattro tecnologie utilizzate per la verifica del Trattato e l’unica in grado di fornire elementi di certezza sul fatto che un test nucleare sia avvenuto o meno. Il MAECI e l’ENEA hanno collaborato su queste tematiche tramite apposite convenzioni, di cui l’attuale è entrata in vigore in data 1° gennaio 2022. Il presente documento rappresenta il primo rapporto periodico del 2023 e descrive lo stato di avanzamento delle attività previste dalla convenzione nel periodo 1/1/2023 - 31/3/2023
Characterization and Formation Mechanism of Ag2MoO4 Crystals via Precipitation Method: Influence of Experimental Parameters and Crystal Morphology
Full text linkAg2MoO4 crystals were prepared by a precipitation method by mixing parent solutions of silver nitrate and sodium molybdate. The effects of experimental parameters such as temperature, concentration, and pH were studied. The samples were found to be crystalline, pure, and monophasic in all cases, except in the case of very low pH. The precipitation leads to the formation of the cubic phase β and no secondary phase is present within the limits of detection of XRD and Raman spectroscopy. However, in some cases, at high temperature and high pH, silver oxide nanoparticles form on the surfaces of the crystals, which create a fluorescence background in the Raman spectra, which is otherwise absent. Analyses with the electron microscope have highlighted that the most common crystalline shape is octahedral, which is the most prevalent at low temperatures and pH around 7, but others are also possible, in particular at high temperatures. No growth occurs after precipitation, so crystals with different appearances form at the same time
Convenzione "CTBT" tra il Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale ed ENEA - Rapporto periodico II-2023 (1/4/2023-30-6-2023)
No full textL’Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA) e il Ministero degli Affari Esteri e Cooperazione Internazionale (MAECI) collaborano ai fini degli adempimenti previsti dalla legge 15 dicembre 1998, n. 484, così come modificata dalla L. 24 luglio 2003 n. 197, per la ratifica e l’esecuzione del Trattato per il Bando Totale degli Esperimenti Nucleari (CTBT, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty), con protocollo e annessi, adottato a New York dall’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite il 10 settembre 1996. Nell’ambito del Centro Nazionale Dati (NDC), il ruolo dell’ENEA consiste nel fornire supporto tecnico all’Autorità Nazionale (MAECI) nella verifica dell’applicazione del CTBT. In particolare, l’ENEA è responsabile del monitoraggio e analisi dei dati provenienti dal Sistema Internazionale di Monitoraggio (IMS) per il rilevamento di radionuclidi (particolato e gas nobili), che è una delle quattro tecnologie utilizzate per la verifica del Trattato e l’unica in grado di fornire elementi di certezza sul fatto che un test nucleare sia avvenuto o meno. Il MAECI e l’ENEA hanno collaborato su queste tematiche tramite apposite convenzioni, di cui l’attuale è entrata in vigore in data 1° gennaio 2023. Il presente documento rappresenta il secondo rapporto periodico del 2023 e descrive lo stato di avanzamento delle attività previste dalla convenzione nel periodo 1/4/2023 - 30/6/2023
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