1,721,194 research outputs found
Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East . Vol. XVI, No. 3, December 1965
No full textThe Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East, Vol. 16, No. 3, December 1965 provides a comprehensive analysis of energy development and planning in the ECAFE region. It discusses the current status and trends in energy development, emphasizing the importance of energy in overall economic growth. The bulletin explores various aspects of energy planning, including mapping energy plans, sectoral and comprehensive planning, and methods of analyzing the energy economy. It highlights the significance of energy substitution, particularly the shift from non-commercial to commercial energy sources, and examines alternatives for electricity production and railway traction. The document also projects future energy demand and supply from 1960 to 1980, considering economic growth rates and technological advancements. Additionally, it addresses key policy issues such as the need for a comprehensive energy policy, economic approaches to energy development, and regional cooperation for sustainable energy solutions.TABLE OF CONTENTS
PLANNING FOR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Page
I. Present status and trends in energy development in the ECAFE region ................................... 1
1. Energy in relation to over-all economic development...................................................................... 1
2. The concept of total energy ................................................................................................................ 4
3. Energy resources in the ECAFE region............................................................................................... 5
4. Regional trends in consumption and production.............................................................................. 9
II. Principal problems of planning for energy............................................................................................. 24
1. Mapping the energy plan........................................................................................................................ 24
2. Sectoral and comprehensive energy planning .............................................................................. 25
3. Methods of analysing the energy economy...................................................................................... 26
4. General aspects of energy substitution .............................................................................................. 28
5. Alternatives for electricity production .............................................................................................. 32
6. Choice between different modes of traction on railways;roleof energy ................................. 39
7. Substitution of commercial for non-commercial sources ofenergy............................................... 41
III. Projections of demand and supply of energy in the developing ECAFE region, 1960 to 1980 .. 44
1. The methodological framework ....................................................................................................... 44
2. Economic growth and energy demand and supply in the1950’s 51
3. Projections of energy demand and supply for thedeveloping ECAFE region ...................... 54
IV. Some important policy issues....................................................................................................................... 74
1. Need for comprehensive energy policy .............................................................................................. 74
2. Basic economic approach to energy development ................................................................... 75
3. Brief survey of possible indigenous supplies .............................................................................. 78
4. Petroleum: the problem of harmonizing refining outputs with market requirements .. .. 79
5. The problems of coal supplies............................................................................................................... 81
6. Some problems of electricity development ...................................................................................... 83
7. Surveys of energy resources ............................................................................................................... 86
8. Scope for regional co-operation ....................................................................................................... 88
FINDINGS OF THE WORKING PARTY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
(NINTH SESSION) ...................................................................................................................................... 90
1. Present status and trends in energy development in the ECAFE region.................................... 90
2. Planning for energy development ....................................................................................................... 91
3. Substitution aspects ............................................................................................................................... 93
4. Estimates of future demand and supply of energy ..................................................................... 95
5. Important policy issues ....................................................................................................................... 96
ASIAN ECONOMIC STATISTICS .............................................................................................................................. 99
i
LIST OF TABLES
Page
I. Present status and trends in energy development in the ECAFE region
1. Net primary fuel consumption in the United Kingdom ..................................................................... 3
2. Primary fuel consumption in the United Kingdom analysed by type of conversion to secondary
energy ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
3. Known energy resources and current production..................................................................................... 7
4. Total energyconsumption and production of coal-based countries in the ECAFE region .. . . 10
5. Total energy production and consumption in the petroleum-based and primarily exporting countries 11
6. Total energy consumption and production ofthe petroleum-based but primarily importing countries 11
7. For Chart 7 ..................................................................................................... 16
8. For Chart 8 ..................................................................................................... 18
9. For Chart 9a ............................................................................................................................................... 20
10. For Chart 9b ............................................................................................................................................... 21
11. For Chart 10 ............................................................................................................................................... 22
II. Principal problems of planning for energy
1. Relative transport costs of conventional energy..................................................................................... 29
2. Distances doubling the price of energy....................................................................................................... 29
3. China (Taiwan) : Comparison of cost of electricity production, 1964 ............................................. 34
4. China (Taiwan) : Estimated power development costs .................................................................... 36
5. China (Taiwan) : Construction costs of existing hydro plants.............................................................. 36
6. India: Recent construction costs of single-purpose hydro-electric projects..................................... 37
7. ECAFE region: Number of steam, diesel and electric locomotives in operation............................... 39
8. Annual costs per 1,000 gross ton-km hauled ...................................................................................... 40
9. SelectedECAFE countries: Per capita energy consumption, 1958 .................................................. 41
III. Projections of demand and supply of energy in the developing
ECAFE region, 1960 to 1980
1. Developing ECAFE region: Inland consumption of energy and its percentage distribution, 1951-1961 51
2. Developing ECAFE region: Trends of consumption of energy, electricity and oil fuels, 1951-1961 53
3. Developing ECAFE region: Production of energy and its percentage distribution, 1951-61 .. 54
4. Developing ECAFE region: Projection of consumption of energy (total and inland), 1960-1980 55
5. Developing ECAFE region: Projection of consumption of electricity, petroleum products, gas and
coke, 1960-1980 .. ........................................................................................................................................ 56
6. Developing ECAFE region: Hypothetical computation of primary energy supply........................... 58
IV. Some important policy issues
1. Petroleum products: Supply and demand in 1970 .............................................................................. 80
2. Composition of demand for petroleum products inper cent................................................................ 80
3. Percentage distribution of electric power, 1956 ....................................................................................... 84
4. Electric power production in the ECAFE region, 1962 85
ii
LIST OF CHARTS
Page
I. Present status and trends in energy development in the ECAFE region
1. Energy consumption and gross domestic product in 1962 12
2. Japan: Total energy consumption and real national income .............................................................. 13
3. Sweden: Total energy consumption and real national income.............................................................. 13
4. Norway: Total energy consumption and real national income ................................................. 13
5. United Kingdom: Total energy consumption and real nationalincome ....................................... 14
6. U.S.A,: Total energy consumption and real national income.............................................................. 14
7. Trends incountries with primary coal-based energy structures ....................................................... 15
8. Trends in petroleum based, energy exporting countries ..................................................................... 17
9a. Trends in petroleum based, energy importing countries ..................................................................... 19
9b. Trends in petroleum based, energy importing countries ..................................................................... 21
10. Consumption trends in the ECAFE region ............................................................................................... 22
11. Energy map showing locations of coal and lignite, petroleum andnatural gas reserves .. .. 23
III. Projections of demand and supply of energy in the developing
ECAFE region, 1960 to 1980
1. The regression of consumption of energy with GNP, developing ECAFE region, 1951-1960 .. 47
2. The regression of consumption of energy with value added in the manufacturing sector, developing
ECAFE region, 1953-1960 ............................................................................................................................... 47
3. The regression of total GNP and consumption of energy, developing ECAFE region (cross-section) 47
4. The regression of consumption of solid fuels with GNP, developing ECAFE region, 1951-1960 48
5. The regression of consumption of liquid fuels with GNP, developing ECAFE region, 1951-1960 48
6. The regression of consumption of hydro-electricity with GNP, developing ECAFE region, 1951-1960 48
7. The regression of consumption of natural gas with GNP, developing ECAFE region, 1951-1960 48
8. The regression of consumption of thermal electricity with GNP, developing ECAFE region,1951-1960 49
9. The regression of passenger vehicles with GNP, developing ECAFE region, 1951-1960 .................... 49
10. Production and consumption of energy in developing ECAFE region, 1951-1961 ............................. 52
11. Consumption of solid fuels, liquid fuels, hydro-electricity and natural gas in developing ECAFE
region, 1951-1961 ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Economic development and planning in Asia and the Far East : social aspects
No full textEconomic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East, Vol. X No. 3, December 1959, focusing on the social aspects of economic development and planning:
- Population Trends: Analysis of population growth and its impact on economic development in the region.
- Labor Force Dynamics: Examination of labor force characteristics, including employment rates and workforce distribution.
- Social Infrastructure: Discussion on the development of social infrastructure such as education, healthcare, and housing.
- Sustainable Development: Insights into how social factors influence sustainable economic growth.
- Policy Recommendations: Strategies for addressing social challenges to improve economic planning and development.TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
IN THE COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND THE FAR EAST
Page
I. Nature of the problem ................................................... 3
Growing interest in the problem................................................................ 3
Reasons for concern ................................................................................. 4
The meaning of “balanced” economic and social development .......................................... 5
Search for operational concepts as policy guides .................................................... 7
II. Experience of ECAFE countries with social development programmes.................................. 9
Social elements in objectives of development plans..................................................... 9
The role of social policy in development plans....................................................... 10
Some specific social programmes.......................................................................... 11
Community development and allied programmes .......................................................... 11
Education......................................................................................... 12
Health and nutrition ..................................................................... 13
Housing and regional planning ......................................................................................... 14
Labour and employment.......................................................................... 14
Social welfare..................................................................................... 15
III. Interrelations of economic and social development .............................................. 16
Social prerequisites to economic development................................................................ 16
Motivation .................................................................................................... 16
Family structure ............................................................................. 17
Class structure.................................................................................... 17
The role of the state ......................................................................................................... 19
Consumption-saving patterns.................................................................................... 19
Social consequences of economic development.......................................................... 20
Impact on the country side.................................................................................. 20
The urban scene ............................................................................................ 21
Social implications of the formation of a modern labour force.......................................... 22
Imbalance between wants and activities ............................................................ 22
Dual economies .......................................................................................... 23
Wages and productivity....................................................................................... 23
IV. Co-ordination of economic and social programmes.................................................................. 25
Investment criteria......................................................................................... 25
Human investment...................................................................................... 26
Difficulties in the economic analysis of social programmes.................................................. 28
Economic programmes with social purposes ................................................................ 29
Social programmes with economic purposes ............................................................... 30
Integrative programmes.............................................................................. 30
Page
V. Planning public social expenditures ......................................................................................... 31
The public expenditure process ................................................................................................. 32
Budgeting and planning.................................................................................. 32
Traditional and development expenditures.................................................................. 33
Public expenditure patterns................................................................................. 33
Facts and valuations ....................................................................................... 33
International comparison of public expenditure patterns.................................................. 37
Planning public social expenditure by analysis and projection.................................................. 38
Projective techniques .............................................................................................. 38
Social programme approach................................................................................... 40
General planning criteria ......................................................................... 41
Analysis of social programme: two case studies.............................................................. 42
Malaria eradication programmes.......................................................................... 43
Primary education programmes........................................................................... 45
VI. Administrative machinery for the formation and execution of development plans . ................... 47
The role of administrative structure in programme formulation .......................................... 48
The role of administrative structure in programme execution .......................................... 51
FINDINGS OF THE WORKING PARTY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
(FIFTH SESSION)
Nature of the problem and experience in the region .......................................................... 53
Interrelations of economic and social development............................................................ 54
Planning the pattern of public social expenditures........................................................ 56
Administration and implementation of social and economic development programmes . . . .................... 57
ASIAN ECONOMIC STATISTICS ................................................................................................. 5
Economic development and planning in Asia and the Far East : VIII. foreign trade sector
No full textThe document focuses on economic development and planning in the ECAFE region, emphasizing the importance of foreign trade. Key points include:
- Foreign Trade in Economic Development Planning: Discusses the impact of international trade on economic growth and the need for detailed foreign trade programs to avoid foreign exchange difficulties.
- Projections of Foreign Trade up to 1980: Estimates that $26 billion in imports will be needed by 1980 to achieve a 5% annual growth rate. Emphasizes the need for aggressive export policies and regional cooperation.
- Foreign Exchange Budgeting: Highlights the importance of foreign exchange budgeting for efficient resource allocation and stability in international payments. Includes case studies on Ceylon and Japan.
- Export Development: Addresses short-term fluctuations in export earnings and the need for long-term strategies to diversify and promote exports, especially manufactured goods.
- Import Control: Analyzes trends in import behavior and the implications of import substitution policies for international and intra-regional cooperation.
Overall, the document underscores the need for integrating foreign trade with domestic economic planning, selecting appropriate policy instruments, and adopting strategies to support economic growth in the ECAFE region.ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
Table of Contents
Page
FOREIGN TRADE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Programming................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Policy instruments........................................................................................................................................................ 5
PROJECTIONS OF FOREIGN TRADE OF THE ECAFE REGION UP TO 1980
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................ 8
I. Export projections ................................................................................................................................... 9
II. Import projections ................................................................................................................................... 22
III. Balance of payments gap.............................................................................................................................. 30
Appendix tables ............................................................................................................. 35
PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE BUDGETING
I. Foreign exchange budgeting in development planning............................................................................. 38
II. Case study: Ceylon..................................................................................................................................... 47
III. Case study: Japan ...................................................................................................................................... 51
REGULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORTS IN ECAFE COUNTRIES
I. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 61
II. Short-term fluctuations ............................................................................................................................. 61
III. Long-run development of exports ............................................................................................................. 65
REGULATION AND CONTROL OF IMPORTS IN ECAFE COUNTRIES
I. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 81
II. Behaviour of imports...................................................................................................................................... 82
III. Policy measures directly related to imports............................................................................................. 85
IV. Policy of import substitution ..................................................................................................................... 88
V. Policy implications of international and intra-regional co-operation ........................................... 94
FINDINGS OF THE WORKING PARTY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
(EIGHTH SESSION)
I. Role of foreign trade in economic development planning.................................................................... 97
II. Trade projections ....................................................................................................................................... 99
III. Problems and techniques of foreign exchange budgeting .................................................................... 101
IV. Regulation and development of exports...................................................................................................... 102
V. Regulation and control of imports.............................................................................................................. 10
Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East. Vol. XIII, No. 1, June 1962
No full textEconomic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East, June 1962 Includes:
-Post-war Foreign Investment in India: This section reviews the inflow of foreign capital into India since World War II, focusing on loans from foreign governments and institutions, and changes in foreign business investments
-Saving of the Federation of Malaya, 1954-1958: A preliminary estimate of savings in Malaya during this period.
-Economic Survey of Asia and the Far East 1961: Corrigendum to the previous year's survey.
-Current Economic Indicators: Provides up-to-date economic indicators for the region.
-Asian Economic Statistics: A compilation of various economic statistics relevant to Asia.TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Post-war foreign investment in India .............................................................................................................. 1
Saving of the Federation of Malaya, 1954-1958: a preliminary estimate.................................................... 17
Economic Survey of Asia and the Far East 1961: corrigendum.................................................................... 34
Current Economic Indicators .............................................................................................................................. 35
Asian Economic Statistics....................................................................................................................................... 4
Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East. Vol. Ill, Nos. 1-2, November 1952
No full textThe Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East, Vol. III, No. 1-2, November 1952, published by the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East, provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic conditions and developments in the region during that period.
Key Highlights:
-Economic Growth and Development: The bulletin discusses the economic growth trends in various countries, highlighting significant industrial and agricultural developments.
-Trade and Commerce: It examines the trade patterns, including exports and imports, and the impact of global economic conditions on the region.
-Infrastructure and Investment: The report covers infrastructure projects and investments, focusing on their role in economic development.
Policy Recommendations: It provides policy recommendations aimed at improving economic stability and growth in the region.TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Special articles Page
Some financial aspects of development programmes in Asian countries .......................... 1
Analysis of national income in selected Asian countries .................................................. 13
II. Asian economic statistics (for a list of tables and definitions of the symbols used throughout
the bulletin see page .26)................................................................................................................. 27
III. Trade agreements negotiated and/or finalised during the first half of 1952 .......................... 51
IV. Addendum to Statistical Supplement to Volume I.................................................................................. 5
Thirteenth Session, Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia, 22 November - 6 December 1976
No full textInner cover: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Thirty-third session, 5-14 April 1977The 1976 session of the Committee for Co-ordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, marked a significant phase in regional cooperation for marine geoscientific research and resource exploration. Established under the auspices of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), CCOP aimed to enhance the understanding and development of offshore mineral and energy resources among its member countries.
The report outlines the organizational structure, ongoing projects, and collaborative efforts in geological and geophysical investigations across the region. Key areas of focus included offshore petroleum exploration, deep-sea mineral resource assessments, remote sensing applications, and tectonic studies. The session also emphasized technical cooperation among developing countries, capacity building, and the establishment of data-sharing frameworks.
Notable initiatives discussed included:
The SEATAR project on East Asia tectonics and resources
The Circum-Pacific Map Project
Seminars on hydrocarbon generation and offshore mining techniques
National contributions from countries like Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.CONTENTS
PART 1 : REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE Page
I. Organization of the session........................................................................................ 1
II. Activities of the Project Office since the twelfth session.......................................... 7
III. Investigations relating to offshore petroleum resources......................................... 9
A. Pre-Tertiary petroleum potentials in the CCOP region..................................... 9
B. Deep water exploration ........................................................................................ 9
C. Standing working group for petroleum data collection, storage and retrieval..................................................................................................... 10
D. “Responsible” centre for marine research data..................................................... 10
E. Seminar on generation and maturation of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins......................................................................................................... 10
F. Seminar/workshop on methodology for assessment of undiscovered recoverable hydrocarbon resources ....................................................... 10
G. Needs of the newly established state oil companies............................................. 11
IV. Offshore tin and other detrital heavy minerals and study of Quaternary geology .. 11
A. Activities since the twelfth session ......................................................................... 11
B. Symposium on Quaternary geology..................................................................... 11
V. Projects contributing to basic knowledge of marine geology of the CCOP region .. 12
A. Joint CCOP-IOC Working Group on IDOE Studies of East Asia Tectonics and Resources (SEATAR), second session............................. 12
B. Project MAGNET ................................................................................................ 13
C. Circum-Pacific Map Project................................................................................ 14
D. Remote sensing .................................................................................................... 14
E. Seminar on marine phosphorite............................................................................ 14
VI. Technical co-operation among developing countries................................................. 14
VII. Co-operation with relevant national and international bodies................................. 15
VIII. CCOP’s long-range programme and recommendations of the High-Level Mission............................................................... 15
IX. Review of external assistance obtained and assistance required ............................. 18
X. Policy and organizational considerations ...................................... 22
A. Membership of CCOP ........................................................................................ 22
B. Co-operation with ASCOPE ............................................................................ 23
C. Permanent Representatives to CCOP in member countries, 1976/1977 .......... 24
D. National Working Groups for CCOP ............................................................ 24
E. Operations of the Technical Advisory Group and constitution of the Special and Honorary Advisers ........................................................... 25
XI. Work programme for 1976 to 1978 ........................................................................ 28
XII. Dates, venue and agenda for the fourteenth session of CCOP ............................. 28
Annexes
I. Messages from Governments ............................................................ 29
II. List of participants ..................................................................................................... 35
III. List of documents issued for the session.................................................................. 48
IV. List of maps displayed at the session ...................................................................... 57
V. Report of the twelfth session of the Technical Advisory Group ....................... 59
VI. Report of the Special Advisers to the thirteenth session of CCOP ................... 93
VII. Work programme of the Committee for 1976-1978 ............................. 97
VIII. Report and recommendations of the second session of the Joint
CCOP-IOC Working Group on IDOE Studies of East Asia Tectonics and Resources (SEATAR) ............................................................................ 114
IX. Report of the second meeting of the Northwest Quadrant Panel of the Circum-Pacific Map Project .............................................................. 132
Appendices
I. Members of the Northwest Quadrant Panel ............................................. 135
II. List of maps displayed................................................................................................. 136
PART 2: TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
A. TECHNIQUES FOR EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION
1. Remote sensing in coastal zone research ..................................................................... 137
2. Developments in deep water drilling from floating drill-ships ................................. 154
3. Methods and requirements for measuring terrestrial heat-flow in the CCOP region.. 166
B. NATIONAL GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
4. Metallogenic provinces in Indonesia: a plate tectonic approach ............................. 172
5. A review of Quaternary studies in Indonesia ............................................................. 175
6. Progress of heavy detrital mineral investigations in Indonesia between 1974 and 1976 194
7. Marine geological activities of the Geological Survey of Japan during the period April 1975 to March 1976........................................................................................... 201
8. Publication of base map of submarine geology of the Korean continental shelf.... 203
9. Geological and geophysical studies offshore from the Tongho-ri and Mooan area, west coast of Korea ................................................................................................... 213
10. Plan for a marine geological and geophysical survey in Asan bay, west coast of Korea 222
11. Investigation of detrital heavy minerals and silica sands on Imjado island and in the
Kusipo area, west coast of Korea.................................................................................... 225
12. The LANDSAT and SKYLAB programme in Malaysia............................................. 241
13. General tectonic framework of the Philippine archipelago......................................... 242
14. Researches on geological interpretation of ERTS/LANDSAT imagery of the Philippines ................................................................................................................. 248
15. The first heat-flow measurements in Thailand ............................................................. 251
C. OFFSHORE MINERALS - EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
16. Preliminary report on the detrital heavy minerals of some sea bottom and shallow sub-sea bottom samples from the Straits of Malacca ................................. 252
17. Cassiterite distribution patterns in a nearshore area off Perak, peninsular Malaysia 262
18. Offshore mining in the Philippines, 1975 and 1976 ..................................................... 263
19. Possible ancient phosphogenetic provinces in southeast Asia .................................. 264
20. Environmental assessment, base-line and impact studies in regard to offshore hydrocarbon and mineral exploration and development..................-.................. 269
D. OTHER GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
21. Results of Project MAGNET surveys near northern Honshu island, Japan .......... 270
22. Report on pre-Tertiary petroleum geology in southeast Asia ................................... 274
23. Tin and other mineralization associated with granitic rocks ..................................... 292
E. OFFHORE HYDROCARBONS - EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
24. Petroleum exploration and production activities in Indonesian offshore areas from June 1975 to May 1976 ................................................................................. 294
25. Summary of exploration activities for oil and gas offshore Japan in 1975 .............. 302
26. Petroleum exploration activity in the Philippines from November 1975 to November 1976 ................ 304
27. The Makassar trough : regional geology and hydrocarbon prospects ...................... 306
28. The Baram delta oil province (Sarawak) Malaysia ..................................................... 322
F. CCOP-1DOE SEABED ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME
29. Progress report on investigations of the Jawa transect, Indonesia............................. 332
30. Progress report on geological investigations of the Banda arc transect, Indonesia 334
31. Preliminary report on the volcanic rocks of the Banda arc, Indonesia.................. 343
32. Preliminary report on geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks of the
Banda island arc volcanoes and their relation to the regional geology...................... 345
33. Cenozoic evolution of the Sunda arc in the central Sumatra region.......................... 365
34. The regional structure of Seram island, Indonesia, as interpreted from satellite imagery........................................................................................................ 366
35. Structural features in two transect areas of Japan analysed with the aid of satellite imagery ....................................................................................................... 369
36. Progress report of CCOP-IDOE-K.OREA Project II ............................................... 370
37. Status of activities relating to CCOP-1OC/IDOE transect projects in the Philippines ..................................................................................................... 372
38. Remote sensing projects in the Philippines .................................................................. 374
39. Marine field programmes by U.S. institutions in the SEATAR project: a status report to the IOC-CCOP joint working group on SEATAR ............. 375
40. Report of the second meeting of the CCOP expert working group on remote sensing ..................................................................................................... 382
41. Preliminary report on land heat-flow expedition......................................................... 386
G. GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH PROJECTS CARRIED OUT JOINTLY BY INDONESIA AND JAPAN UNDER THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT’S ITIT PROGRAMME
42. Progress report to November, 1976, on ITIT joint research project being undertaken in Indonesia ......................................................................................... 390
H. CIRCUM-PACIFIC MAP PROJECT
43. Circum-Pacific map project............................................... 391
I. TRAINING PROGRAMMES
44. Report on the group training course in offshore prospecting, Japan, 1975 .............. 394
45. Report on the group training course in offshore prospecting, Japan, 1976 .............. 395
46. Preparations for a proposed seminar/workshop on marine phosphorite.................. 396
47. Field training course on methods and techniques for drilling of nearshore unconsolidated formations and placer deposits, Netherlands ...................... . 40
Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East. Vol. XV, No. 2, September 1964
No full textThe Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East September 1964 issue focuses on several key topics relevant to the region's economic development. It includes an analysis of input-output relationships in Asian agriculture, providing insights into agricultural productivity and resource allocation. Additionally, it examines national accounts in the ECAFE countries, highlighting economic performance and financial statistics. The issue also features a comprehensive set of Asian economic statistics, offering valuable data for understanding economic trends and patterns in the region. These subjects reflect the bulletin's emphasis on agricultural economics, national accounting, and statistical analysis.TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Some aspects of input-output relationships in Asian agriculture ............................................................................. 1
National accounts in countries of the ECAFE region............................ 18
Asian economic statistics........................................... 4
Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East . Vol. XV, No. 3, December 1964
No full textThe Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East from Vol. 15, No. 3,December 1964 focuses on economic development and planning in the region. It highlights the discussions and findings from the second session of the Conference of Asian Economic Planners. Key topics include:
- Development Planning in ECAFE Countries: This section reviews achievements, problems, and policy issues in recent economic development efforts.
- Regional Harmonization of National Development Plans: It explores approaches to harmonizing development plans across Asia and the Far East to enhance regional cooperation.
The Bulletin aims to provide valuable insights for both governments and the general public on the progress and challenges in economic planning within the ECAFE region.TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN ECAFE COUNTRIES IN THE RECENT PAST — ACHIEVEMENTS,
PROBLEMS AND POLICY ISSUES
I. Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 1
II. Economic growth and structuralchange ................................................................................................ 2
Rates of growth....................................................................................................................................... 2
Structural changes ............................................................................................................................... 5
III. Special problem areas .............................................................................................................................. 8
Investment and savings .................................................................................................................... 8
Past trends....................................................................................................................................... 8
Investment plans andrecentachievements .................................................................................. 12
Foreign trade ....................................................................................................................................... 15
IV. Major growth bottlenecks andpolicyissues................................................................................................. 21
The agricultural sector .................................................................................................................... 21
The supply of capital .................................................................................................................... 22
Organizational capacity .................................................................................................................... 23
The supply of labour............................................................................................................................... 24
Infrastructure development ............................................................................................................... 25>
Policy issues ....................................................................................................................................... 25
APPENDIX
Evaluating the achievement ofplanned targets ....................................................................................... 26
APPROACHES TO REGIONAL HARMONIZATION OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS IN ASIA
AND THE FAR EAST
I. Harmonization of development plans as a means of Asian economic co-operation ................... 33
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 33
2. Forms of economic co-operation ....................................................................................................... 33
3. Past progress in regional co-operation............................................................................................... 34
4. Intra-regional trade and problems of tradeco-operation ............................................................... 35
5. The rationale and methods of regional harmonizationof national development plans . . . . 36
6. Sectoral approach to agreed specialization .............................................................................. 41
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contd.)
Page
II. Sectoral co-ordination of production programmes — Some exploratory studies ........................... 44
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 44
2. Iron and steel ....................................................................................................................................... 45
3. Fertilizers ................................................................................................................................................ 50
4. Aluminium............................................................................................................................................... 57
5. Pulp and paper....................................................................................................................................... 62
6. Natural rubber ....................................................................................................................................... 69
7. Jute and allied fibres............................................................................................................................... 74
8. Rice ........................................................................................................................................................ 78
FINDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE OF ASIAN ECONOMIC PLANNERS (SECOND SESSION)
I. Progress and problems in planned economic development.................................................................... 82
II. Long-term economic projections .............................................................................................................. 84
III. Regional plan harmonization ...................................................................................................................... 86
ASIAN ECONOMIC STATISTICS.............................................................................................................................. 8
Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East. Vol. XIII, No. 2, September 1962
No full textEconomic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East, Vol.13, No. 2 September 1962, provides a comprehensive analysis of economic and demographic trends in the region. The section on Saving in the Philippine Economy examines savings patterns across the government, corporate, and household sectors from 1951 to 1960, highlighting the development of savings institutions and the capital market. The section on Evaluation of Population Data of Malaya assesses the accuracy and coverage of population census data, analyzes population growth rates, and reviews age-related data, offering a detailed demographic overview of Malaya and Singapore. Together, these studies provide valuable insights into the economic development and demographic changes in Asia and the Far East during the specified period.TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Saving in the Philippine Economy, 1951-1960
I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1
II. The government sector ................................................................................................. .. . . 2
III. The corporate sector........................................................................................................................ 4
IV. The household sector ................................................................................................................ 8
V. Development of savings institutions and the capital market ................................................. 17
VI. Summary and conclusions ........................................................................................................ 20
VII. Suggestions for furtherresearch .................................................................................................. 22
Evaluation of the Population Census Data of Malaya
I. Evaluation of population coverage................................................................................................. 23
II. Rate of population growth on the basis of reconstructed population .................................. 29
III. Evaluation of census age data ................................................................................................. 34
Appendix: Demographic data of the Federation of Malaya and of Singapore—A review . . . . 42
Asian Economic Statistics
Regional statistics......................................................................................................................................... 46
Production ................................................................................................................................................. 48
Transport ................................................................................................................................................. 53
External trade ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Prices .......................... 71
Employment and wages ......................................................................................................................... 75
Currency and banking................................................................................................................................. 7
Economic development and planning in Asia and the Far East : the agricultural sector
No full textThe Economic Bulletin for Asia and the Far East November 1957 issue is dedicated to special studies on economic planning. The bulletin covers various aspects such as agricultural production, industrial development, trade and payments, monetary conditions, and economic statistics, offering valuable data and policy recommendations to support sustainable growth and regional cooperation.TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Report of the Working Party on Economic Development and Planning (Third Session) to the
Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (Fourteenth Session)
Introduction............................ .............................................................................................................. 1
Implications for agriculture of economic development..................................................................... 2
Agricultural development plans of countries of Asia and the Far East ................................... 3
Demand outlook and planningfor agriculture........................................................................................ 5
Criteria and techniques for selection of best technical means for agricultural expansion .. 8
Allocation of resources for investment in agricultural and non-agricultural development .. 11
Incentives and institutionalfactors ........................................................................................................ 13
Recommendations....................................................................................................................................... 15
Annexes........................................................................................................................................................ 17
A. List of participants .............................................................................................................. 17
B. List of documents...................................................................................................................... 19
C. Agenda....................................................................................................................................... 20
D. Annotated Agenda...................................................................................................................... 20
Agricultural development and planning in countries of Asia and the Far East
I. Implications for agriculture of economic development, particularly industrialization ................... 23
Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 23
Demand for food and raw materials...................................................................................................... 23
Occupational shift and economic progress.............................................................................................. 24
Agriculture and foreign trade .............................................................................................................. 24
Transition from a subsistence to a market agricultural economy.................................................... 25
Need for raising the sights in planning.............................................................................................. 25
Production possibilities — Institutional factors
II. Agricultural development plans ............................................................................................................... 27
National investment totals...................................................................................................................... 27
Chief objectives and targets of the agricultural development plans ............................................ 27
Scope and coverage of agricultural development plans..................................................................... 31
Formulation of plans ............................................................................................................................... 31
Main methods—Collaboration with administrative departments—Collaboration with univer sities, public, etc.—Experience in China (Taiwan)—Experience in India
Implementation of plans .. ............................................................................................................... 33
Administrative machinery for implementation—Some problems of implementation—Some
experience in co-ordinating implementation
Progress and revision of plans.............................................................................................................. 35
Recapitulation ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Appendix: Comments on stated objectives for targets of agricultural development plans of
countries in the ECAFE region.............................................................................................. 36
III. Forecasting demand for principal agricultural commodities ............................................................ 37
Foodstuffs for domestic consumption...................................................................................................... 37
Raw materials of agricultural origin for domestic industrial consumption................................... 40
Foreign exchange earnings and savings.............................................................................................. 40
World background—Prospects for the main export commodities—Foreign trade implications
of national plans
Reserve stocks ....................................................................................................................................... 46
Page
IV. Criteria and techniques for selection of best technical means for agricultural expansion . . . . 48
Possibilities and relative advantages of various technical means for agricultural expansion . . 48
General considerations in selection technical means for agricultural expansion—Possibilities
and reltaive advantages of expanding area under cultivation—Possibilities and relative
advantages of increasing yields—Possibilities and relative advantages of improvements in
cropping patterns and farming systems
Techniques for economic appraisal of agricultural projects............................................................ 51
Financial appraisal and surveys of farm income and expenditure—Economic appraisal:
Cost and benefit studies
Appendix: The Shihmen reservoir project, an illustration of benefit and cost analysis .. . . 54
V. Allocation of resources for investment in agricultural and non-agricultural development . . . . 56
Assessment of investment resources...................................................................................................... 56
Domestic savings—Capital inflow
Public investment....................................................................................................................................... 61
Share of public investment, particularly in agriculture—Forms of public investment
Private financial investment....................................................................................................................... 62
Problems of projecting private investment in agriculture—Extent to which private savings
in agriculture are used for non-agricultural investment
Non-financial aspects of investment....................................................................................................... 63
Experience in the use and practicability of various techniques for resource allocation and
investment priorities ............................................................................................................... 64
VI. Incentives and institutional factors influencing the rale of agricultural development ................... 67
Producers’ price policies ....................................................................................................................... 67
Experience in countries of the region — Problems of support and incentive prices for
producers
Direct subsidies to producers and related incentives ..................................................................... 71
Experience in ECAFE countries—General considerations
Institutional factors ............................................................................................................................... 73
Land tenure—Availability of agricultural credit—Adequacy of marketing facilities—Agri cultural taxation—Dissemination of technical knowledge and the role of government services
to cultivators—Role of nutrition education in rural areas
Asian economic statistics....................................................................................................................................... 7
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