183 research outputs found
Site fidelity and determinants of wintering decisions in the Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus)
No full textWintering site selection is a major decision in a bird's annual life cycle since conditions experienced by individuals within a wintering site can influence individual fitness and ultimately population dynamics. If individuals show strong fidelity to specific sites, annual environmental effects can be reinforced. In this study we analyse winter resightings of ringed Dalmatian pelicans, collected during a 35-year-long ringing survey, to identify winter movement patterns of Dalmatian pelicans, assess the level of site fidelity both within and among consecutive wintering events and examine environmental factors that may contribute to an individual's decision to move towards a specific site during the winter period. Our results showed that the decision of Dalmatian pelicans to move towards a specific site was mainly driven by the site's size and temperature conditions. Larger wetlands can provide birds with higher resource abundance and offer more opportunities to exploit optimal roosting and feeding habitats, whereas wetlands that do not freeze during the winter are a definite requirement. Wintering movements were more likely to occur at short distances from a bird's natal colony, whereas it was uncommon for birds born in wetlands located in the Adriatic and Ionian coast to move eastwards during the winter, suggesting a level of spatial substructure. Furthermore, we showed that the species exhibits very strong within-year and among-year wintering site fidelity, with birds moving less during the winter, whereas juvenile birds travel greater distances than the rest of the age classes examined. Our conclusions could guide an effective approach to site-based conservation management at key wintering sites.Society for the Protection of Prespa (SPP); Prespa-Ohrid Nature Trust (PONT); TUBITAK [KBAG-111T465]; Tour du Valat; Swarovski Optik; MAVAThe pelican ringing survey in south-eastern Europe (Dr A.J. Crivelli, project leader) has been supported by. The implementation of the present study was funded by the Society for the Protection of Prespa (SPP). The work of SPP on pelicans was funded by MAVA until 2018 and after that by the Prespa-Ohrid Nature Trust (PONT). The national scheme of Dalmatian Pelican ringing and ring reading activities in Turkey was supported by TUBITAK (project code: Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu KBAG-111T465). The work at Srebarna colony in Bulgaria was supported by Tour du Valat and Swarovski Optik
Relationship of Shear-wave Elastography Findings with Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Comparison with Other Radiological Imaging Techniques
No full textPurpose: We aimed to evaluate the shear-wave elastography (SWE) findings of breast cancer and to compare their differences with other imaging techniques and to determine the rela-tionship between molecular subtypes. 
Methods: Radiological findings and histopathology results of patients who underwent biopsy due to breast mass and diagnosed as malignant were evaluated retrospectively. SWE findings, ultrasonography (US), mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were evaluated. The histo-pathology results of the tru-cut biopsy performed under the guidance of US-SWE were analyzed. The findings of SWE and other radiological techniques were compared statistically and relationship with molecular subtypes was evaluated. 
Results: We had 51 patients with a median age of 58 years. In SWE, the mean tumor size was 20 mm, and the tumor elasticity was 105 kPa. Statistically signi-ficant correlation was found between the tumor size differences measured by B mode US-SWE and the tumor elasticity value. No correlation was found between SWE findings and molecular subtypes. SWE had significantly high positive correlation with mamography and MRI in terms of lesion size, with US very high positive correlation and with ER positivity weak negative correlation. 
Conclusion: In addition to conventional radiological imaging techniques the use of SWE provides useful insight to evaluation of breast cancer.</jats:p
İdrar ve dışkıdan soyutlanan escherichia coli kökenlerinin üçüncü kuşak sefalosporinlere ve yeni aminoglikozidlere karşı duyarlılıklarının in vitro araştırılması
No full textBu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.ÖZET 3u çalışmada, idrardan ve dışkıdan soyutlanan 100 Escherichia coli kökeninin sefoperazon, sef o taksim, seftri- akson ve seftizoksim gibi üçüne" başak sefalosporinlere, arnikasın, netilmisin, tobramisin ve gentamisin gibi amino- glikozidlere karşı in vitro duyarlılıkları araştırıldı. Bu amaçla agar dilüsyon yöntemi kullanıldı. İncelememizde üçüncü kuşak sefalosporinlerden sefotaksim, seftriakson ve seftizoksimin hemen hemen aynı etkinlikte oldukları, sefotaksira ve seftriaksonun, seftizoksimden biraz daha etkin oldukları, fakat üçünün de sefoperazondan daha etkin oldukları saptandı. Aminoglikozid grubu antibiyotikler arasında et kinlik açısından belirgin bir fark olmadığı, ancak netil misin ve tobramisinin amikasin ve gentamisine göre biraz daha etkin oldukları belirlendi, İdrardan soyutlanan kökenlerin, dışkıdan soyutlanan kökenlere göre gerek üçüncü kuşak sefalosporinlere, gerek aminoglikozid grubu antibiyotiklere karşı daha dirençli oldukları gözlendi. -24
Colistin in light of current data
No full textKolistin polipeptid yapısında, gram-negatif bakterilere etkili bir antibiyotiktir ve çoğul dirençli gram-negatif bakterilerin neden olduğu infeksiyonların tedavisinde kullanılır. İntravenöz kolistin kullanımının ciddi nefrotoksisite ve nörotoksisiteye neden olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Bu nedenle dünyanın birçok yerinde neredeyse 20 yıldır kolistin uygulaması terk edilmiştir. Çoğul dirençli gram-negatif bakterilerin ortaya çıkması ve yeni antibiyotiklerin geliştirilmemesi nedeniyle kolistin yeniden önem kazanmıştır. Bu yazıda güncel bilgiler ışığında kolistin kullanımı tartışılmıştır.Colistin is a polypeptid antibiotic and it is used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. The intravenous use of colistin has been considered to be associated with considerable nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. For this reason, the systemic administration of colistin has been abandoned for about 20 years in most areas of the world. The emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in parallel with the lack of new antibacterial agents led scientists to understand the importance of colistin. In this manuscript the use of colistin has been discussed in the light of current knowledge
Antibiotic resistance surveillance over a 4-year period (2000-2003) in Turkey: results of the MYSTIC Program
No full textThe Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) Program is a global study that provides antimicrobial susceptibility data in centers prescribing meropenem. The activity of meropenem and 7 broad-spectrum antimicrobials have been examined against 5208 bacterial isolates from 9 Turkish centers between 2000 and 2003. Cumulative susceptibility rates against all species of Enterobacteriaceae combined were ranked as follows: meropenem (99.3%), imipenem (97.6%), cefepime (80.0%), piperacillin-tazobactam (73.6%), ceftazidime (70.3%), ciprofloxacin (70.1%), cefotaxime (66.9%), and tobramycin (67.2%). The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) was detected in 48.7% of Klebsiella pneumoniae and in 19.5% of Escherichia coli isolates. Of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolates, 75.7% were resistant to tobramycin, 40.3% to ciprofloxacin, and 48.3% to piperacillin-tazobactam. Only piperacillin/ tazobactam and carbapenems were active against more than 50% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards-susceptible breakpoint, and the carbapenems were the most active compounds against Acinetobacter spp. These data confirm the continued potency of meropenem against Enterobacteriaceae in units where it is actively being prescribed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Value-at-risk Predictions of Precious Metals with Long Memory Volatility Models
No full textIn this paper, we investigate the value-at-risk predictions of four major precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) with long memory volatility models, namely FIGARCH, FIAPARCH and HYGARCH, under normal and student-t innovations’ distributions. For these analyses, we consider both long and short trading positions. Overall, our results reveal that long memory volatility models under student-t distribution perform well in forecasting a one-day-ahead VaR for both long and short positions. In addition, we find that FIAPARCH model with student-t distribution, which jointly captures long memory and asymmetry, as well as fat-tails, outperforms other models in VaR forecasting. Our results have potential implications for portfolio managers, producers, and policy makers
Links Between Commodity Futures And Stock Market: Diversification Benefits, Financialization And Financial Crises
No full textIn this paper, we analyze time-varying correlations between commodity markets and S&P 500 index, employing a recent and novel technique: asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation (ADCC) model. Using weekly data from January 3, 1992 to December 27, 2013, we provide evidence of highly volatile correlations, which substantially increase after the 2007-2008 financial crisis. We also find that conditional correlations and variances are positively linked in overall, which implies deterioration in diversification benefits. Finally, we examine the impacts of financial crises on the conditional correlations and find that external shocks have different effects on the correlations. Our results have potential implications for investors, portfolio managers, commodity producers and policy makers
Biological aspects of two coexisting indigenous and non-indigenous fish species in the Aegean Sea: Pagellus erythrinus vs. Nemipterus randalli
No full textYapici, Sercan/0000-0003-2288-5084WOS: 000504749700013Nowadays, the Mediterranean is a hotspot of biodiversity, characterized by changes in fish communities due to invasions. These invasions, mainly occurring through the entrance of species through the Suez Canal, a process called Lessepsian migration, has been increasing in the last 40 years. It is reported that, in Turkish seas, where 512 fish species are found, are 75 Lessepsian species. However, knowledge about the impact of Lessepsian species on native species is insufficient. This study aims to determine the bio-ecological characteristics and food interactions of a native Pagellus erythrinus and non-native Nemipterus randalli distributed in the Gokova Bay. In the monthly sampling survey, carried out between January 2016 and December 2016, 1698 N. randalli and 945 P. erythrinus individuals were collected. Length, weight, age, sex distributions and ratios, length-age, weight-age, length-weight relationships, condition factors, stomach contents and reproduction periods were examined to determine the interaction between species. According to results, the life span of P. erythrinus is longer than N. randalli in the Gokova Bay. Nevertheless, N. randalli grows faster than P. erythrinus. Reproduction periods of both two species show similarities. Food competition between species is found to be significantly high. Results of condition factors exhibit that N. randalli shows an increased ability to exploit the available food sources. Pagellus erythrinus displays strategies such as: early maturation, short reproduction period, reproduction in the deeper waters and batch spawning, to compete with N. randalli. With the invasive characteristics of N. randalli established a successful population in the Gokova Bay.Mugla Sitki Kocman University Scientific Research FundMugla Sitki Kocman University [BAP 13/120]This research is based on Ph.D. thesis of the corresponding author and was supported by Mugla Sitki Kocman University Scientific Research Fund (BAP 13/120). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments. Also, corresponding author is grateful to Mr. Rifat Tezel, Dr. Umit Acar, Mr. Murat Celik, Mr. Umut Uyan for their valuable contributions and efforts during the study
Comparative evaluation of in vitro activities of carbapenemes against gram-negative pathogens: Turkish data of COMPACT study
No full textBu çalışmada, doripenem, imipenem ve meropenemin gram-negatif klinik izolatlara karşı in vitro aktivitesinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye genelinde toplam 10 merkezden Eylül-Aralık 2008 tarihleri arasında, yoğun bakım ünitesi (YBÜ) ve YBÜ dışı hastalardan, toplam 596 adet klinik izolat toplanmıştır. Bunlardan %42.4’ü nozokomiyal pnömoni, %40.4’ü kan dolaşımı enfeksiyonu ve %17.1’i komplike intraabdominal enfeksiyon kaynaklı olup; %51.8’i YBÜ hastalarından alınmıştır. İzolatların %49.8’i Pseudomonas spp., %40.3’ü Enterobacteriaceae ve %9.9’u diğer gram-negatif etkenlerden oluşmaktadır. Her merkezde Etest® (AB Biodisk, Solna, İsveç) kullanılarak tüm izolatlar için doripenem, imipenem ve meropenemin minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu (MİK) belirlenmiştir. İzolatlardan 188 (%31.5)’i en az bir karbapeneme dirençli bulunmuştur. Pseudomonas türlerine karşı doripenem için MİK50 değerleri meropeneme benzer olarak 1 mg/L bulunurken, imipenemden iki kat daha düşük olduğu izlenmiştir. Pseudomonas aeruginosa izolatlarının duyarlılıkları, doripenem için MİK 2 mg/L düzeyinde %64, imipenem ve meropenem için MİK 4 mg/L düzeyinde sırasıyla %53.9 ve %63 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Doripenem ve meropenem, Enterobacteriaceae türlerine karşı benzer aktivite gösterirken (MİK90 0.12 mg/L), imipenem dört kat daha az aktif (0.5 mg/L) bulunmuştur. Büyük çoğunluğunu Acinetobacter türlerinin oluşturduğu diğer gram-negatif basiller için doripenem MİK50 değeri 8 mg/L, diğer iki ilaç için ise 32 mg/L’dir. P.aeruginosa izolatları 8 mg/L MİK düzeyinde doripenem ile %84.2, meropenem ile %72.1 oranında inhibe olmuştur. Sonuç olarak doripenem, bu çalışmada toplanan patojenlere karşı genel olarak meropenem ile benzer ya da daha iyi; imipenemden ise belirgin olarak daha iyi in vitro aktiviteye sahiptir. Üç karbapenem arasında Pseudomonas türlerine karşı en aktif olan ilacın doripenem olduğu görülmüştür. Doripenem ve meropenem Enterobacteriaceae türlerine karşı benzer aktiviteye sahip olup, imipenemden en az dört kat daha aktiftir. Bu bulgular ışığında, hastanede YBÜ’de ya da YBÜ dışında tedavi gören nozokomiyal pnömoni, kan dolaşımı enfeksiyonu ve intraabdominal enfeksiyonu olan hastalar ile antibiyotik direnci gelişim riski olan hastaların antimikrobiyal tedavisinde doripenemin öne çıkan yeni bir antibiyotik olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activities of doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem against clinical gram-negative isolates. A total of 596 clinical isolates were obtained from intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients in 10 centers over Turkey between September-December 2008. The origin of the isolates was patients with nosocomial pneumonia (42.4%), bloodstream infections (%40.4), and complicated intraabdominal infections (17.1%). Of the isolates, 51.8% were obtained from ICU patients. The study isolates consisted of Pseudomonas spp. in 49.8%, Enterobacteriaceae in 40.3%, and other gram-negative agents in 9.9%. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for doripenem, imipenem and meropenem were determined for all isolates in each center using Etest&reg; strips (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden). Of the isolates, 188 (31.5%) were resistant to at least one of the carbapenems. MIC50 of doripenem against Pseudomonas spp. was 1 mg/L which was similar to that of meropenem and two-fold lower than imipenem. Susceptibility to carbapenems in P.aeruginosa was 64% for doripenem at an MIC level of 2 mg/L, 53.9% and 63% for imipenem and meropenem at an MIC level of 4 mg/L, respectively. Doripenem and meropenem showed similar activity with the MIC90 of 0.12 mg/L whereas imipenem was four-fold less active at 0.5 mg/L. Against other gramnegative pathogens, mostly Acinetobacter spp., MIC50 was 8 mg/L for doripenem and 32 mg/L for other two carbapenems. P.aeruginosa isolates were inhibited 84.2% with doripenem and 72.1% with meropenem at the MIC level of 8 mg/L. Doripenem generally showed similar or slightly better activity than meropenem and better activity than imipenem against pathogens collected in this study. Against Pseudomonas spp., doripenem was the most active of the three carbapenems. Doripenem and meropenem were equally active against Enterobacteriaceae and at least four-fold more active than imipenem. It was concluded that doripenem seemed to be a promising agent in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, blood stream infections and intraabdominal infections particularly in patients who were under risk of developing antimicrobial resistance
Multi-Task Learning with Sentiment, Emotion, and Target Detection to Recognize Hate Speech and Offensive Language
No full textThe recognition of hate speech and offensive language (HOF) is commonly formulated as a classification task which asks models to decide if a text contains HOF. This task is challenging because of the large variety of explicit and implicit ways to verbally attack a target person or group. In this paper, we investigate whether HOF detection can profit by taking into account the relationships between HOF and similar concepts: (a) HOF is related to sentiment analysis because hate speech is typically a negative statement and expresses a negative opinion; (b) it is related to emotion analysis, as expressed hate points to the author experiencing (or pretending to experience) anger while the addressees experience (or are intended to experience) fear. (c) Finally, one constituting element of HOF is the (explicit or implicit) mention of a targeted person or group. On this basis, we hypothesize that HOF detection shows improvements when being modeled jointly with these concepts, in a multi-task learning setup. We base our experiments on existing data sets for each of these concepts (sentiment, emotion, target of HOF) and evaluate our models as a participant (as team IMS-SINAI) in the HASOC FIRE 2021 English Subtask 1A: “Subtask 1A: Identifying Hate, offensive and profane content from the post”. Based on model-selection experiments in which we consider multiple available resources and submissions to the shared task, we find that the combination of the CrowdFlower emotion corpus, the SemEval 2016 Sentiment Corpus, and the OffensEval 2019 target detection data leads to an F1 =.7947 in a multi-head multi-task learning model based on BERT, in comparison to .7895 of a plain BERT model. On the HASOC 2019 test data, this result is more substantial with an increase by 2pp in F1 (from 0.78 F1 to 0.8 F1) and a considerable increase in recall. Across both data sets (2019, 2021), the recall is particularly increased for the class of HOF (6pp for the 2019 data and 3pp for the 2021 data), showing that MTL with emotion, sentiment, and target identification is an appropriate approach for early warning systems that might be deployed in social media platforms
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