665 research outputs found
The beginnings of pPhilosophy in Greece
No full textHow can we talk about the beginnings of philosophy today? How can we avoid the conventional opposition of mythology and the dawn of reason and instead explore the multiple styles of thought that emerged between them? In this acclaimed book, available in English for the first time, Maria Michela Sassi reconstructs the intellectual world of the early Greek “Presocratics” to provide a richer understanding of the roots of what used to be called “the Greek miracle.”
The beginnings of the long process leading to philosophy were characterized by intellectual diversity and geographic polycentrism. In the sixth and fifth centuries BC, between the Asian shores of Ionia and the Greek city-states of southern Italy, thinkers started to reflect on the cosmic order, elaborate doctrines on the soul, write in solemn Homeric meter, or, later, abandon poetry for an assertive prose. And yet the Presocratics, whether the Milesian natural thinkers, the rhapsode Xenophanes, the mathematician and “shaman” Pythagoras, the naturalist and seer Empedocles, the oracular Heraclitus, or the inspired Parmenides, all shared an approach to critical thinking that, by questioning traditional viewpoints, revolutionized knowledge.
A unique study that explores the full range of early Greek thinkers in the context of their worlds, the book also features a new introduction to the English edition in which the author discusses the latest scholarship on the subject
Metallactus octoguttatus D. Sassi 2019, n. comb.
No full textMetallactus octoguttatus (Burmeister, 1877) n. comb. (Figs 12; 29) Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister, 1877: 65; Clavareau, 1913: 90 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1946: 640 (catalogue); Agrain et al., 2017: 57 (annotated checklist). Metallactus albopictus Chamorro, 2013: 201, fig. 8; 204, fig. 26 (taxonomic study). Types. Burmeister did not mention the number of specimens under study but two specimens housed in MACN match the original description. The typification has been made as follows, in order to stabilize the epithet. LECTOTYPE (by present designation): ♀, pinned, not dissected // “ Parana Jan.” [green label, printed] // “ Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister 1877 Syntypus ” [red label, handwritten] // “ Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister, 1877 LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus octoguttatus (Burmeister, 1877) D. Sassi det. 2019” [white label, printed] // (MACN). PARALECTOTYPE: 1 ex. sex undet. // “ Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister 1877 Syntypus ” [red label, handwritten] // “ Griburius octoguttatus Burmeister, 1877 PARALECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus octoguttatus (Burmeister, 1877) D. Sassi det. 2019” [white label, printed] // (MACN). Type locality. Paranà (Entre Ríos, Argentina). Further material examined. ARGENTINA: Saenz Pena Chaco (2, BMNH); Estancia la Noria Rio San Javier Santa Fè G. E. Bryant (14, BMNH); S. Antonio Reimoser (2, NMV); T. N. Formosa Loc. Gran Guardia XI.1953 (2, NHMB); Chaco de Santa Fé Las Garzas borde du rio Las Garzas 20 Km l’O d’Ocampo E. R. Wagner 1903 (1, MNHN); Resistencia Balzan 188[...] (1, MSNG); La Merced Reimoser (1, NMV). PARAGUAY: San Luis Reimoser (1, NMV); Dep. Cordillera, Pirareta 12/ 15.X.2010 S25 29’ W56°56’ Leg. U. Drechsel (1, UDPC). Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay. New to Paraguay. Diagnosis. A Metallactus of small-medium size. It belongs to a subgroup of four species (M. albopictus, M. octoguttatus, M. madefactus and M. abditus) distinguished by a pronotal V-shaped yellow spot just in front of scutellum. Among these species, M. octoguttatus is characterized by the shape of the aedeagal median lobe, the apicoelytral spots generally separated from each other, and the completely yellow clypeus. Also, the median longitudinal spot on the pronotum is generally shorter and stouter than in M. albopictus, particularly in males, while the pronotal lateral spot is more salient along the posterior margin (C-shaped). The species is also more robust than M. albopictus and shows a lighter pronotal punctation, approaching more to M. abditus in these two last characters. M. madefactus can be distinguished for the different shape of the apicoelytral spots and the more extended yellow color on frons. Overall, in the studied material the dorsal color pattern of the four species of this subgroup almost always seems to offer enough information for the diagnosis. However, the chromatic differences might not be adequate dealing with a larger number of specimens. For example, in some of the 14 specimens from Estancia la Noria (BMNH) the yellow elliptical spots tend to expand and coalesce, masking the “typical” habit of M. octoguttatus. Furthermore, a specimen, male, from Formosa has mostly yellowish legs, together with part of the ventral surface. The aedeagal shape could therefore prove to be necessary in many cases for a correct identification. Description of male. Habitus in Fig. 12 a–b (LT). BL = 3.9–4.1 mm, BW = 2.4 mm, PL = 1.3–1.4 mm, PW = 2.2 mm. Interocular distance 12.8–14.6% of BL. Head black with two almost trapezoidal yellow spots along upper section of inner ocular rim, coalescent along midline; clypeus yellow as well. Labrum brownish. Vertex quite dull, almost bare with sparse rather coarse punctures to almost impunctate. Frontoclypeal area with sparse pale setae and quite coarse punctation. Mid-cranial suture short, well impressed so that surrounding surface distinctly swollen. First five antennomeres yellowish, sublucid, the subsequent ones totally darkened, dull and more diffusedly setose. Pronotum black with lateral margin and outer part of anterior and posterior margins covered with a single Cshaped yellow spot; a median V-shaped (almost elliptical in one paratype) yellow spot close to posterior margin just in front to scutellum; a smaller elliptical median one, yellow as well, close to anterior margin. Pronotal shape relatively short-elliptical with lateral margins thin, barely visible from above, regularly curved with maximum width slightly behind the middle. Posterolateral impressions obliterated. Surface moderately lustrous with scattered, feebly impressed punctation, slightly sparser and shallower on disc. Scutellum black, moderately raised, apex truncated in a straight line. Finely setose and minutely punctured. Elytron surface black with four yellow spots lined up along suture. First spot, rounded, beside scutellum; second one, rounded as well to moderately elliptical, at middle; third one, transverse, on apical clivus; fourth one, smaller and roughly rounded, at apex. A further C-shaped, yellow spot surrounding humerous and extended on outer part of anterior margin and epipleuron. Elytral outline parallel-sided to sides slightly convergent posteriorly, only weakly flattened on disc. Postscutellar area very weakly raised. Humeral callus moderately prominent, impunctate. Surface moderately shiny with shallow punctures arranged in irregular rows, perceptible on elytral apex too. Intervals not raised. Pygidium yellow, with a brownish spot on apex, smooth, matt, with sparse, shallow punctures and whitish setae. Inferior parts of thorax totally black to widely yellowish, covered with sparse setae and shallowly punctured. Prosternal process coarsely punctured with long setae, Abdominal ventrites black with large yellow margins to almost completely yellow, shallowly and sparsely punctured, with sparse setae. Legs totally black to largely yellowish on femora and basal section of tibiae. Median depression on fifth abdominal ventrite shallow, matt and almost bare. Posterior margin of fifth abdominal ventrite perceptibly notched. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 12 c–e) cylindrical, with smooth surface and apex scarcely separated from the rest of aedeagus, short. In lateral view apex faintly bent ventrally. Hairy dents barely impressed, scarcely delimited, bearing rather short, dense setae. Aedeagal ventral surface not swollen in lateral view, devoid of particular structures. Endophallus (Fig. 12 f–g) with sclerite I well sclerotized with denticle strongly developed, blunt, pointing upwards and barely sticking out laterally. Dorsal spicule rather short, pointed and fairly pigmented. Sclerite II long, regularly bent towards base and gradually tapered towards apex. Arch of sclerite III high, fairly projecting upwards, straight, slender. Apex of sclerite III straight, regularly tapered, fairly expanded on its proximal half, so that the sclerite looks like the head of a grebe. Branches of sclerite IV shorter than sclerite III in the folded-up structure, perceptibly curved, with slightly asymmetrical, microdenticulate apex and surface moderately sculptured, consisting of small wrinkles. Female. BL = 4.8–5.3 mm, BW = 2.9–3.4 mm, PL = 1.6–1.8 mm, PW = 2.6–2.9 mm. Interocular distance 14.6–17.0% of BL. Fifth abdominal ventrite in females with quite large, transverse, shallow pit. Bottom of pit bald, matt, impunctate but covered with tiny wrinkles. Vasculum of spermatheca (Fig. 12h) slender, scarcely pigmented with straight proximal branch fairly and asymmetrically swollen at base, long distal branch and long, pointed apex markedly bent downwards. Ampulla fairly pigmented, slightly shifted on dorsal side of vasculum. Duct insertion and sperm gland insertion barely distinct. Duct uniform in size, slender, coiled with coils rather thick, almost regularly arranged. Distal not coiled portion of duct long, completely straight on its terminal section. Insertion on bursa copulatrix lengthened, straight, barely swollen and well pigmented.Published as part of Sassi, Davide, 2019, Revision of the Metallactus hamifer species-group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), pp. 201-245 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on pages 230-232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/376387
A Hidden Water-Harvesting System: The Sassi de Matera
No full textThe water-harvesting system of the ancient Sassi di Matera, in the Basilicata region of southern Italy, represents a clever way of living with water in an arid climate. The terrain, with its soft rocks (Calcarenite di Gravina), provided the foundation for the water-harvesting system that shaped the cave dwellings of Sassi physically, socially and culturally. People caught, guided and stored water in private and public spaces, mostly underground, ensuring its availability for all. In 1993 UNESCO declared the cave village a World Heritage Site. Unfortunately, the water-harvesting system of Sassi di Matera is no longer functioning. Its historic ingenuity is not as visible as the system deserves and its cultural and social values are almost forgotten. Using layered visual analysis – the illustrative method – knowledge can be collected and communicated in drawings to get insight regarding more resilient, circular, and people-related approaches (Bobbink, Chourairi and Di Nicola 2022). This article and the included drawings focus on the water system’s value, from which we can learn today.Landscape Architectur
Cosmogonie ioniche: Talete, Anassimandro e Anassimene; Pitagora e i pitagorici; Eraclito e Empedocle; Anassagora e Democrito.
No full textTalete, Anassimandro e Anassimene formano la rinomata triade degli “scienziati ionici”, così detti perché nascono e sono attivi, a pochi decenni di distanza l’uno dall’altro, a Mileto, sulle coste della Ionia. Nonostante i notevoli problemi di ricostruzione del loro pensiero, gli studi più aggiornati mantengono valide le ragioni addotte dai commentatori antichi (a partire da Aristotele) per ritenere che a Mileto abbia avuto i suoi inizi, sotto la specie dello studio della natura, quella forma della razionalità che prenderà, nel IV sec. a.C., il nome di filosofia
Introduction
No full textA short history of (the relationship between) postcolonial studies and Scottish studies, followed by a theoretical and methodological analysis of how the book that this chapter introduces is situated in the field of postcolonial Scottish studies
Metallactus multicolor D. Sassi 2022, n. comb.
No full textMetallactus multicolor (Jacoby, 1899) n. comb. (Figs 4; 14) Scolochrus multicolor Jacoby, 1899: 177. Griburius multicolor Clavareau, 1913: 90 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1946: 640 (catalogue). Types. Jacoby (1899) did not mention the number of specimens under study. During this study two syntypes (both males) were located at MSNG and one (female) at BMNH. A lectotype is here designated as follows: Lectotype (by present designation): ♂, body, aedeagus and detached abdomen glued on the same card, // “ Pto 14 de Mayo G. Boggiani I.1897 ” [white label, printed] // “ Scolochrus multicolor Jac ” [blue label, handwritten] // “multicolor ♂ Jac.” [white label, handwritten] // “Typus” [white label, printed in red] // “Museo Civico di Genova” [green label, printed] // “ Griburius multicolor (Jacoby, 1899) (Scolochrus multicolor) LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus multicolor (Jacoby, 1899) D. Sassi det. 2021” [white label, printed] // (MSNG). Paralectotypes: 1♂, body, aedeagus and and detached abdomen glued on the same card, // “ Pto 14 de Mayo G. Boggiani I.1897 ” [white label, printed] // “Museo Civico di Genova” [green label, printed] // (MSNG); 1♀, glued, // “ Pto 14 de Mayo G. Boggiani I.1897 ” [white label, printed] // “ Scolochrus multicolor Jac ” [blue label, handwritten] // “Museo Civ. Genova” [orange label, printed] // “Jacoby Coll. 1909-28a.” [white label, handwritten] // “Cotype” [rounded white label with yellow border, printed] // (BMNH). Both paralectotypes labeled as follows: // “ Griburius multicolor (Jacoby, 1899) (Scolochrus multicolor) PARALECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Metallactus multicolor (Jacoby, 1899) D. Sassi det. 2021” [white label, printed]. Type locality. Puerto 14 de Mayo (Chaco Boreal, Paraguay). Additional material examined. (54 specimens examined). PARAGUAY: Puerto Pinasco 30 W Kilometro A. Wetmore Collector (1, USNMNH); Central Piquete Cue 9.X.1990 & 7.XI.1991 U. Drechsel (2, MSPC); Chaco Boreal 90 Km SE Filadelfia, 27.I.2008 S 23° 14´W59°12´100m lgt. Kradlekovà (1, DSPC); Chaco 130 Km NW Mariscal Esfigarribia 29.I.2008 J. Halada leg. (1, NHMP); Chaco Yalve Sanga V.1984 (1, FSCA); Asuncion Botanical Garden 2.I.1966 Leg. Mahunka (1, HNHMB); Pres. Hayes 42 Km NW Benjamin Aceval 6.II.1983 (1, ERPC); Dep. P.te Ayes Villa Ayes V.1992 (1, DSPC); Pres. Ayes ruta 9 km 344 116m 23.02S 59.15W 5.XII.2010 (2, MSPC). ARGENTINA: La Merced Reimoser (2, NMV); Chaco Resistencia XI.1945 Martinez (1, USNMNH); Chaco Resistencia 23.XII.1965 leg. Mahunka (1, HNHMB); Cordoba Fanti Sierra de Cordoba 11.I.1966 Mahunka (1, HNHMB); Chaco Sáenz Peña K. J. Hayward B. M. 1933-187 (4, BMNH); Chaco de Santiago del Estero Bords du Rio Salado Env. d’Icano E.R.Wagner XII,1909 (1, MNHN); Chaco de Santiago del Estero Bords du Rio Averyas E.R.Wagner XII,1909 (1, MNHN); Chaco de Santiago del Estero Bords du Rio Salado Paso de Don José 26 km N Icano E.R.Wagner XII,1910 (1, MNHN); Chaco de Santiago del Estero Env. D’Icano Mistol Paso E.R.Wagner 1918 (4, MHNH); Santiago del Estero Rio Salado ex coll. Achard (1, NHMP); Santiago del Estero Añatuya I.1944 coll. Monrós (1, USNMNH); Stgo. Estero Quimili III.1992 (2, DSPC); Formosa La Lomitas XI.950 Daguerre (1, USNMNH); Formosa Irigoyen X. 950 Daguerre (1, USNMNH); Formosa 2 km S Clorinda 26.I.1989 C. & L. O’Brien & G. Wibmer (1, BYU); Formosa Gran Guardia XII.1951 Coll. J Föester (1, USNMNH); Tucumán Guasapampa A. A. Ogloblin 1.XII.1942 (1, USNMNH); Salta Güemes II.1945 Martinez coll. Monrós (1, USNMNH); Salta Senillosa 1927 G. L. Harrington (1, USNMNH). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Santa Cruz 28.IX.1972 G. E. Bohart (8, BYU); Santa Cruz Lomas de Arena Biol. Park 10.II.1999 L. A. Stange (1, FSCA); Santa Cruz Prov. Chiquitos Santiago 700m IX.1959 (2, SMNS); Santa Cruz 9 mi. N Santa Cruz 28.III.1978 at night C. W. & L. O’Brien (2, ERPC); Santa Cruz 7 km S of Warnes 6.XII.1973 (1, AMNH); Santa Cruz 3 km N Brazilio 1750´malaise 18°06.82´S 63°10.51´W 27.II-8.III.1989 M Elrwin & F. Parker (1, BYU); Santa Cruz IX.1917 Exp. Lizer-Delétang to Bolivian Chaco ex coll. Achard (1, NHMP). Distribution. Argentina (new), Bolivia (new), Paraguay. Diagnosis. The species was described as belonging to genus Scolochrus (now Griburius), but the shape of the male genitalia, the morphology of the pronotal process, the ocular distance and the overall outline clearly suggest a transfer to genus Metallactus. The light dorsal pattern, almost always distinguishable in partly reddish (along elytral sides and, at times, pronotal sides) and partly yellow (pronotal midline, elytral apex, and sutural region) often allows to distinguish specimens of M. multicolor from the ones of the other species studied. The shape of the longitudinal elytral black stripe, sharply folded towards lateral margin at its posterior terminal is useful as well in the identification. Based on the colour pattern, the species that most resembles it, is M. taeniatellus, but in the latter the light elytral colour is always uniform yellowish or reddish, and not two-toned as M. multicolor. However, the shape of the aedeagus median lobe gives the conclusive evidence. Description of male. Habitus in Fig 4 a-b (LT). BL = 3.9–4.1 mm, BW = 2.5 mm, PL = 1.5–1.6 mm, PW = 2.2–2.3 mm. Interocular distance 7.7–9.8 % of BL. Head yellow, with mid-cranial suture partly darkened. Vertex, ocular canthus, antennal insertion, and clypeal edge blackish. Labrum light brown. Head surface with scattered, weakly impressed setigerous punctures, fairly darkened at bottom. Mid-cranial groove shallow but evident. Ocular lines narrow, strictly adhering to ocular rim, marked by a narrow line of setose punctures. Ocular canthus sparsely punctured with sparse, short, appressed setae. Antennomeres 2-5 yellowish, moderately lengthened, 6-11 totally darkened, dull, flattened and more diffusely setose (Fig. 4h). Pronotum black with two large yellow stripes extending over lateral margins and outer fourth of anterior margin, another yellow stripe along median line, tapering forwards and expanded along the posterior margin. Pronotal shape elliptical, with regularly convex surface. Lateral margins thin, almost not visible in dorsal view, evenly curved with maximum width just behind half length. Surface subopaque with scattered, small punctation, denser and more impressed on sides, sparser on disc. Posterolateral impressions reduced to very short oblique grooves close to posterior margin. Scutellum black, moderately raised, trapezoidal with apex weakly rounded. Surface minutely and sparsely punctured, matt, with scarce, very short setae. Elytron yellow with one black median longitudinal stripe ranging from anterior margin to posterior clivus, with its posterior end quite abruptly bent outwards to join lateral margin. More rarely, such stripe simply gradually expanded to reach lateral margin. Suture and posterior margin narrowly black. Epipleuron totally yellow. Lateral light pattern is often more reddish than median one, so that elytron may overall show a more or less evident three-colour pattern. Elytral outline with sides straight and slightly convergent posteriorly, very weakly flattened on disc. Lateral margins narrow, barely visible from above. Elytral surface dull with close punctation, quite irregularly arranged, in particular on basal half. On lighter area bottom of punctures slightly darker than interval surface. Intervals flat. Postscutellar area not raised. Humeral callus prominent, impunctate. Epipleuron smooth, impunctate, strongly convex, barely bent inward. Pygidium black with two bilobed yellow patches along sides, smooth, matt, covered by sparse minute punctures and rather long, appressed, pale setae. Ventral parts of thorax totally black or dark brown. Abdominal ventrites yellow laterally. Ventral surface mostly matt, covered with thick, short, regularly distributed setosity and shallow punctures, partly lengthened transversally. Hypomera and mesoepimera polished, bare, almost impunctate. Prosternal process with sides almost straight anteriorly, then slightly divergent and terminated in rounded apical margin. Surface not grooved, flat and wide, covered with sparse, weakly impressed punctures and thick, long, semi-erect setae. Legs brownish, with tibiae and tarsi paler. Posterior femora black to blackish with yellow patches on femora and tibia. Median depression on fifth abdominal ventrite deeply impressed, subquadrate, shiny, glabrous, impunctate, with posterior margin not notched. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 4c–e) slightly compressed laterally, with apex strongly expanded, well-differentiated from shaft, terminated by small median denticle. In lateral view apex almost straight, ventral outline convex but clearly depressed in middle. Setose depressions deeply impressed, apparent, separated by narrow, short carina, bearing short, curly setae, sitting above all on short, transverse ridge. Such ridge in lateral view looking like triangular raised lamella. Ventral surface delimited from sides by distinct edges. Endophallus (Fig. 4f) with sclerite I weakly developed and pigmented, basically reduced to membranous fold with upper edge slightly darkened and carrying sharp denticle. Dorsal spicule not detectable. Sclerite II reduced to strongly pigmented, small, short piece with tiny process upward directed. Arch of sclerite III rather wide. Apex of sclerite III short, straight. Branches of sclerite IV equivalent in length to sclerite III in folded-up structure, slender, strongly arched towards ventral direction, with blunt, almost symmetrical, not denticulate apex and surface smooth. Female. BL = 4.6–5.0 mm, BW = 2.7–3.0 mm, PL = 1.5–1.7 mm, PW = 2.3–2.6 mm. Interocular distance 13.0–14.0 % of BL. Females differ in a stouter body, wider interocular distance, shorter antennomeres, more slender tarsi. Additionally, the black colour on the pronotum is partly replaced by reddish patches in variable proportions, giving rise to a tri-coloured pattern generally not similarly evident in males. The fifth abdominal ventrite in females has a large and deep pit. The bottom of the pit is shiny, impunctate, with very short, sparse setae. The vasculum of the spermatheca (Fig. 4g) is moderately pigmented, especially over the basal section, S-shaped with twisted, proximal lobe not swollen. The distal lobe is slender, long with the apex regularly arched and bent downwards. The ampulla is not pigmented, small, short, sitting just at the basal apex of the vasculum. The duct and sperm gland insertions are perceptibly distinct. The duct is uniform in size, short, quite rigid, not coiled but forming a series of turns beside the vasculum, then almost straight. The insertion on the bursa copulatrix is well pronounced, conical, strongly pigmented. In one specimen from Benjamín Aceval (Paraguay), the distal lobe of the vasculum is almost straight with the apex acute and abruptly bent downward.Published as part of Sassi, Davide, 2022, Revision of the Metallactus taeniatellus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), pp. 251-282 in Zootaxa 5125 (3) on pages 261-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/644376
Viennot L. avec la collaboration de Besson U., Chauvet F., Colin P., Hirn-Chaine C., Kaminski W., Rainson S. (2002). Enseigner la physique. Bruxelles, Paris, De Boeck, 248 p
No full textSassi E. Viennot L. avec la collaboration de Besson U., Chauvet F., Colin P., Hirn-Chaine C., Kaminski W., Rainson S. (2002). Enseigner la physique. Bruxelles, Paris, De Boeck, 248 p. In: Didaskalia, n°22, 2003. Concepts et conceptions. pp. 138-139
Metallactus geiseri Sassi 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Metallactus geiseri</i> Sassi sp. nov. <p>(Figs 9; 19)</p> <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C4EB5B59-F38A-4EBF-8FEB-990F6970501D</p> <p> <i>Types.</i> HOLOTYPE: ♂, body, aedeagus and detached abdomen glued on the same card, // “ Brazil: Mato Grosso Cuiabá, Recanto do Siriema 15°35´31´´S 56°01´33´´W ca. 180 m, 26.II.2020, sweeping & hand collecting” [white label, printed] // “A. A. Mota, M. V. L. Barclay, J. P. Cristóvão, M. F. Geiser & A. Gonzáles-Alvarado leg., BMNH{E} 2020-32” [white label, printed] // “ Griburius cf. multicolor (Jac.) det. M. Geiser 2020” [white label, partly handwritten] // “ <i>Metallactus geiseri</i> sp. nov. HOLOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // (CEMT). PARATYPES (7 males and 7 females): 1♂, same data of the holotype; 1♂ 1♀ // “ Brazil: Mato Grosso Cuiabá, Recanto do Siriema 15°35´31´´S 56°01´33´´W ca. 180 m, 16.II.2020 ” [white label, printed] // “A.A. Mota, J. P. Cristóvão & M. G. Geiser leg., sweeping. BMNH{E} 2020-32” [white label, printed] //; 1♂ 1♀ // “ Brazil: Mato Grosso Cuiabá, Recanto do Siriema 15°35´32´´S 56°01´36´´W sweeping, 09.II.2021 ” BMNH{E} 2021-89” [white label, printed] //; 3♂ 1♀ // “ Brazil: Mato Grosso Cuiabá UFMT campus 17-20.II.2020, ca. 170 m, 15°36´33´´S 56°04´05´´W, sweeping & hand collecting” [white label, printed] // “A.A. Mota, M. F. Geiser, A. Bach, L. Coradini, & D. F. Rodriguez leg.” // “BMNH{E} 2020-32” [white label, printed] //; 1♂ 4♀ // “ Brazil: Mato Grosso Cuiabá UFMT Campus 15°36´33´´S 56°04´04´´W ca. 170 m, 18-27.IX.2018, M. Geiser & J. Cristóvão leg., sweeping & hand collecting” [white label, printed] // “BMNH {E} 2018-179” [white label, printed] //. Paratypes are housed in CEMT, BMNH and DSPC. All paratypes provided with additional label: // “ <i>Metallactus geiseri</i> sp. nov. PARATYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] //.</p> <p> <i>Etymology.</i> The species is named after Dr. Michael Geiser, Coleoptera curator at The Natural History Museum in London, U.K., who collected specimens of the new species and kindly allowed me to study them.</p> <p> <i>Type locality.</i> Recanto do Siriema (Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil).</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>. Brazil.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>. The most similar species to <i>M. geiseri</i> in colouration is <i>M. taeniatellus</i>, and the strong chromatic variability makes the attribution of specimens to one or to the other species problematic based on this characteristic alone; however, on the ventral surface of the aedeagal median lobe, the setose depression on each side in <i>M. geiseri</i> is downwardly sharply delimited from the deep rounded pit, while in <i>M. taeniatellus</i>, the setose depressions and pits are not clearly separated from each other. The longitudinal median carina is also significantly wider at the aedeagal apex in <i>M. geiseri</i> than in <i>M. taeniatellus</i>.</p> <p> <i>Description of male.</i> Habitus in Fig. 9a–b (HT). BL = 3.3–4.1 mm, BW = 1.9–2.4 mm, PL = 1.2–1.4 mm, PW = 1.7–2.1 mm. Interocular distance 4.9–6.1 % of BL.</p> <p>Head black with bell-shaped yellow marking on frons and clypeus. Small sickle-shaped yellow spot along upper margin of eyes. Labrum piceous, slightly lighter on sides. Vertex quite dull with few, scattered setigerous punctures close to eyes margins. Frontoclypeal area with sparse, pale setae above all along eyes rim, and few shallow punctures. Mid-cranial suture short, well impressed. Ocular lines narrow, strictly adhering to ocular rim. Ocular canthus deep, quite densely punctured with short, semi-erect setae. First five antennomeres sublucid, yellowish, 3-5 rod-shaped, 6-11 totally darkened, dull, more flattened, and more diffusely setose (Fig. 9h).</p> <p>Pronotum black with yellow pattern as follows: two large yellow stripes along lateral margins, briefly widened close to anterior margin; linear stripe along median line, sometimes very short or missing, not reaching anterior and posterior margins; little U-shaped spot just in front of scutellum. Sometimes this U-shaped spot almost straightened in narrow transverse band running along central section of posterior margin. Pronotal shape tronco-conical. Lateral margins thin, almost not visible in dorsal view, evenly and mildly curved with maximum width just behind half length. Surface moderately shiny with scattered, very fine, slightly lengthened punctation in central part of disc, rounded and coarser toward sides. Posterolateral impressions shallow but detectable.</p> <p>Scutellum black, moderately raised, trapezoidal, with truncated apex. Surface smooth, with few, tiny, recumbent, whitish setae.</p> <p>Elytron yellow with large black band just behind midline, extended from suture to lateral margin, often broadened at middle in angulate, forwardly directed projection. Suture narrowly black. Epipleuron yellow, narrowly darkened along margin. Elytral outline parallel-sided, very weakly flattened on disc. Lateral margin narrow, in dorsal view visible from apex up to midline. Elytral surface moderately shiny with well impressed punctures arranged in almost regular rows, easily discernible on elytral apex. On lighter area bottom of punctures only slightly darker than interval surface. Intervals flat. Postscutellar area not raised. Humeral callus prominent, impunctate. Epipleuron smooth, impunctate, with mildly convex surface.</p> <p>Pygidium piceous with yellow patches along sides, covered with recumbent whitish setae and sparse shallow punctures.</p> <p>Ventral parts of thorax piceous with first visible abdominal ventrites bordered with yellow. Hypomera, mesoepimera and mesoepisterna almost glabrous, impunctate or with scarce shallow punctures. Metaepisterna, metasternum and abdominal ventrites densely setose. Prosternal process weakly grooved, sparsely punctured with long setae, and slightly raised short triangular apex. Legs yellow to brownish, often with tibial apex and tarsi infuscate.</p> <p>Fifth abdominal ventrite with deep, elliptical, transversally arranged, bald, impunctate median depression. Posterior margin almost straight. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 9c–e) almost square in transverse section, slightly compressed laterally with fairly widened, bluntly triangular apex. Setose depressions deeply impressed, ear-shaped, with setae short and scattered, also distributed along lateral rim of wide, flat, longitudinal carina running across whole ventral surface. Setose depression neatly separated downward by sharp rim from large, deep, elliptical pit. Aedeagal ventral surface convex in lateral view with a large depression at middle.</p> <p>Endophallus (Fig. 9f) with sclerite I weakly sclerotized and pigmented, reduced to flattened fold on edge of membranous part, terminated with small denticle. Dorsal spicule not detectable. Sclerite II well pigmented, in lateral view slightly lengthened with slender process upward directed. Sclerite III sickle-shaped, with rounded arch and very short, blunt, straight apex. Branches of sclerite IV slightly shorter than sclerite III in folded-up structure, regularly arched towards ventral direction, weakly broadened at base. Surface of sclerite IV smooth.</p> <p> <i>Female</i>. BL = 4.3–4.6 mm, BW = 2.6–2.8 mm, PL = 1.5–1.6 mm, PW = 2.3–2.6 mm. Interocular distance 11.6–13.0 % of BL.</p> <p>Females differ in a stouter body and wider interocular distance. The light colour pattern on the head is reduced to a small, subrounded spot at the center of the frontoclypeal area; the lateral pronotal yellow stripes are fairly wide and the remainder of yellow patches on pronotum are missing.</p> <p>The vasculum of the spermatheca (Fig. 9g) is moderately pigmented, S-shaped, slender, with the proximal lobe not swollen. The distal lobe is long, slender, rather straight along the median section, then tapered and bent downward at the apex. The ampulla is scarcely pigmented, sitting just at the basal apex of the vasculum. The duct and sperm gland insertions are perceptibly distinct. The duct is short, quite rigid near the vasculum, forming a series of several turns more than coils, then almost straight, more slender in proximity to the bursa copulatrix. The insertion on the bursa copulatrix is robust, shortly conical, strongly pigmented.</p>Published as part of <i>Sassi, Davide, 2022, Revision of the Metallactus taeniatellus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), pp. 251-282 in Zootaxa 5125 (3)</i> on pages 273-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6443765">http://zenodo.org/record/6443765</a>
Griburius albilabris D. Sassi
No full textGriburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) (Figs 1b; 2; 12a) Scolochrus albilabris Suffrian, 1852: 111 (original description); Suffrian, 1858: 388 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1880: 59 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1889: 124 (taxonomic notes). Griburius albilabris: Clavareau, 1913: 88 (catalogue, newly combined); Blackwelder, 1946: 639 (catalogue); Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez, 2021: 90 (catalogue). Scolochrus suturalis Suffrian, 1852: 113 (original description); Suffrian, 1858: 389 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1880: 59, (as syn. of G. albilabris, taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1889: 124, (as syn. of G. albilabris, taxonomic notes). Griburius suturalis: Clavareau, 1913: 88 (as syn. of G. albilabris, catalogue). Griburius albilabris suturalis: Blackwelder, 1946: 639 (as subsp. of G. albilabris, catalogue). Syn. restored. Blackwelder (1946) clearly lists and distinguishes between the names that he considers synonyms and those to which he attributes an infrasubspecific rank, using the abbreviation ‘a.’ in the latter case. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the abbreviation ‘v.’ used in the case of G. suturalis is intended to denote the subspecific rank. Being Blackwelder the last author, as far as I could ascertain, to cite this name, it is deemed necessary to formally reaffirm the synonymy already proposed by Jacoby (1880) to clarify the status of this name in the context of a taxonomic work. Scolochrus zonatus Suffrian, 1852: 113 (original description); Suffrian, 1858: 389 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1880: 59 (taxonomic notes); Jacoby, 1889: 125 (as synonym of G. albilabris, taxonomic notes). Griburius zonatus: Clavareau, 1913: 92 (as distinct species, catalogue); Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez 2021 (as synonym of G. albilabris, catalogue). Griburius albilabris zonatus: Blackwelder, 1946: 639 (as subsp. of G. albilabris, catalogue). Syn. restored. At first Jacoby (1880) confirmed G. zonatus as a distinct taxon with respect to G. albilabris, but he changed his mind afterwards (Jacoby, 1889) and treated it as an infrasubspecific entity. Clavareau (1913) ignored this last opinion and, again, reported G. zonatus as distinct species. In Blackwelder (1946) the taxon is reported as “var.” of G. albilabris. At last, in Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez it is listed as synonym of G. albilabris. Even though the last reasoned opinion was Jacoby’s (Clavareau’s, Blackwelder’s and Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez’s contributions being simple lists of species), a formal statement of restored synonymy is given here to clarify the status of this name in the context of a taxonomic work. Types. Suffrian (1852) did not mention the number of the specimens available for the description of Griburius albilabris, but he reported he examined male and female specimens from Mexico provided “by Sturm and Thorey”. Both of these people were traders (Horn, 1935), so it is difficult to determine the repositoires of the original material. After a careful analysis of the collections visited, the only specimen available having a valid indication of belonging to the type series is a female at the BMNH, bearing a handwritten label by Suffrian. For this reason, this specimen is designated as lectotype of the species. LECTOTYPE (by present designation): ♀, pinned, // “ Mexico, B. C. albilabris. Mihi.” [white label, handwritten] // “ Scolochrus albilabris. (St) [Sturm?] Suffr.” [white label, handwritten] // “ Mexico Salle Coll.” [white label, printed] // “B.C.A., Col. VI,1. Scolochrus albilabris, Suffr. ” [white label, printed] // “Type” [white label, printed] // “ Griburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) (Scolochrus albilabris) LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // (BMNH). Besides, five specimens in MLUH are probably part of the type series as well, but none of them bears, as the specimen in BMNH does, a handwritten Suffrian’s label or any other indisputable evidence of having been already part of the Suffrian collection before the description of the species. For this reason, although these specimens also include a pair of males, it was prudentially preferred not to choose the lectotype of the species among them. As a consequence, they were treated as simple paralectotypes: 2m 3♀, pinned, // “ albilabris St. m. Mexico.” [green label, handwritten] // “22285”, “22286”, “22287”, “30015”, “27642” [White labels, handwritten] // (MLUH). All these specimens are labelled // “ Griburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) (Scolochrus albilabris) PARALECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] //. Regarding Griburius zonatus, two female specimens housed in MNHUB match the information in the original description [“aus Mexico (von Oaxaca; Mus. Berol. Sommer”)] and can be considered as belonging to the type series, even though only one is labelled. The typification is made as follows, in order to stabilize the epithet. LECTOTYPE (by present designation): ♀, pinned, // “23997” [white label, printed] // “N. Suffr. Oajaca [sic] Sommer” [blue label, handwritten] // “ Griburius zonatus (Suffrian, 1852) (Scolochrus zonatus) LECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Griburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) D. Sassi det. 2015” [white label, printed] // (MNHUB). The second specimen, devoid of previous labels, was labelled // “ Griburius zonatus (Suffrian, 1852) (Scolochrus zonatus) PARALECTOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // “ Griburius albilabris (Suffrian, 1852) D. Sassi det. 2015” [white label, printed] // (MNHUB). The label information for these two specimens matches the registration data from the old catalogue of the MNHUB (“23997 Metallactus zonatus Suffr. * 2. Oaxaca, Somm.”). Unfortunately, it was not possible to locate specimens of the type series of Griburius suturalis. Therefore, the synonymy with G. albilabris is provisionally confirmed on the basis of previous studies (Jacoby, 1880, 1889) and the information from the original description. Type localities. G. albilabris : “ Mexico ”. G. suturalis: “ Mexico ”. G. zonatus: Oaxaca (Mexico). Additional material examined. COSTA RICA: “ Costa Rica ” 1920 & 1922 (2, MNHN). Alajuela: 8 km S San Ramon 31.V.1980 (13, USNMNH & TAMU & FSCA); 6–8 W Atenas 1.VI.1980 (2, USNMNH & TAMU). Cartago: Turrialba (1, NHMB). Guanacaste: Bebedero Reimoser ((3, NMV); Palo Verde Sta. 29 km WSW Cañas 30.VI– 13.VII.1976 (10, TAMU); 30 km SE Cañas 27.VII.1990 (1, TAMU); Cañas 10.V.1991 (1, ERPC); Finca Jenny 31 km N Liberia VI.1989 (2, BMNH); La Pacifica nr Cañas 22–26.V.1984 (22, ERPC); 3–6 km NW Cañas La Pacifica 2.VI.1980 (1, FSCA); Las Cañas Reimoser (1, NMV); nr. Upala at km 25 24.V.1984 (2, ERPC); Lomas Barbudal Steward Ranch 14.VII.1989 (1, USNMNH); Lomas Barbudal Res. 13.VII.1989 (5, USNMNH); 14 km S Cañas 3– 9.VII.1988 & 7–10.X.1989 & 14–25.VII.1990 & 1–12.VIII.1990 & 2–4.IX.1990 & 23.VI–15.VIII.1991 (13, BYU); 4 mi NW Cañas on Lonchocarpus minimiflorus 7–9.VII.1966 (10, BYU); S Cañas Exp. Sta. 1–8.VIII.1988 (1, BYU); 3 km SE R. Naranjo 1–15.VI.1992 & 15–30.VI.1991 (2, BYU); 6 km E Guayabos 21.VI.1993 (1, MSNG); Tilarán Reimoser (4, NMV). Heredia: La Selva Biol. Sta. 3 km Pto Viejo 17.V.1990 (1, TAMU); 1 km S Pt. Vejo 4.VI.1984 (1, ERPC). Puntarenas: 4–6 km S Santa Elena 4–7.VI.1980 (3, FSCA & TAMU); San Lucas 7.VII.1934 (1, USNMNH). San José: San José (1, ZSM); San José 1160m 1929 (1, USNMNH); Escazú 2–13.V.1988 & 1– 10.VI.1988 & 1–17.VI.1988 & 3–16.VII.1988 & 25–29.VII.1988 (11, BYU); 4 km N Brazilito 5–10.VI.1989 (3, BYU); San Isidro bei S. José E. Reimoser (3, NMV). EL SALVADOR: “El Salvador” (2, MNHUB)¸ La Unión: La Unión 20.VI.1954 (2, USNMNH); Volcán de Conchagua 27.V.1958 (4, CNCI). San Salvador: San Salvador 7.VI.1958 (1, USNMNH); San Salvador 9.VI.1958 (1, CNCI). Sonsonate: Sonzacate 25.VI.1958 (1, CNCI). GUATEMALA: “ Guatemala ” (1, MNHN). Alta Verapaz: San Cristóbal 12.VIII.1978 (1, ZSM). Baja Verapaz: 19–24 km N Salama 25–31.V.1989 (1, FSCA). Chiquimula: 1 km E Ipale 12.VI.1991 (1, TAMU). Guatemala: Guatemala City 26.V.1964 (1, FSCA). Jutiapa: St. 4 mi E Jutiapa 26.VI.1979 (2, ERPC). Suchitepéquez: Finca Moka 11.VI.1967 (1, USNMNH); Patulul 10.VIII.1983 (1, ZSM). Zacapa: San Lorenzo Quarry Road 7 km N Sta Cruz UV light 17.VII.2008 (1, BYU); 12–14 km S Sn Lorenzo 3.VI.1989 (5, TAMU & FSCA). HONDURAS: “Honduras 1978” (2, USNMNH). Atlántida: Tela Jardin Lancetilla 11.VIII.1992 (1, FSCA); Lancetilla Botanical Garden 29.V.1993 (2, FSCA); La Ceiba 23–30.V.1978 (1, USNMNH). Colón: Trujillo 25.VII.1968 (3, FSCA). Comayagua: 3 km S Comayagua 20.V.1995 (1, FSCA). Cortés: El Agua Azul 30.V.1993 (1, FSCA); San Pedro su la Laguna Ticamaya 29.VI.1993 (1, FSCA). El Paraíso: Yuscaran 25.V.1993 (1, FSCA); Yuscaran, 2.VI.1993 & 14.VII.2001 (2, FSCA); 31.5 km W Danli 28.V.1995 (2, FSCA). Francisco Morazán: Zamorano 24.V.1993 & 23.V.2002 & 6.VI.1993 (4, FSCA); 5 km E Zamorano 2.VI.1993 (4, FSCA); Esc. Agr. Pan. Zamorano 2600 ’ 1.VII.1948 (3, USNMNH); San Antonio de Oriente El Zamorano 21.VI.1989 (1, FSCA); 14 mi S Talanga 2800 16.VI.1974 (1, ERPC); 25.5 km SSW Talanga 3.VI.1993 (1, FSCA); Cerro Uyuca 24.V.1993 (1, FSCA); San Antonio de Oriente Uyuca 25.V.1993 (1, FSCA); 30 km E Tegucicalpa 11.VI.1980 & 11.VI.1984 (2, FSCA); Tegucicalpa 30–31.VII.1979 (2, ERPC); Nr. Tegucicalpa 19.VI.1983 1, FSCA); 25 km E Teg [ucicalpa] 21 & 31.V.1980 (2, FSCA); 30 km E Teg [ucicalpa(?)] 30.V.1984 (1, FSCA). MEXICO: “ Mexico ” (4, USNMNH & NMV & NHMB & NHMP); “ Mexico ” D. Ghiliani (12, MSNG). CHIAPAS: “ Chiapas ” VI.1905 (1, USNMNH); Parque Nac. El Sumidero 6.VII.1986 & & 18.VI.1987 & 23.VI.1990 & 17.VI.1990 (5, FSCA & ERPC); Sumidero 4000 ft 8.VII.1955 (5, AMNH); Manos de Imploran Mirrador nr. Chicomen at light 27.VI.1987 (1, TAMU); 8 mi E Rizo de Oro Hwy 190 21–22.VI.1985 (6, FSCA); 1 mi E Cintalapa 22.VI.1985 (3, FSCA); 25 km S Cintalapa 5.VII.1989 (1, ERPC); 29 mi SW Cintalapa 7.VII.1971 (1, ERPC); 25 km SW Cintalapa 11.VII.1971 (1, TAMU); 45 km SW Cintalapa 2500’ 12.VIII.1967 (2, TAMU); 28 mi W Cintalapa 25.VI.1965 (1, TAMU); El Aguacero 22.VI.1990 (1, FSCA); Tuxtla Gutiérrez VIII.1959 (9, USNMNH); Tuxtla de Gut. [Gutiérrez] 26.VII.1987 (2, BYU); Tuxtla Gutiérrez 1800 ft 6–10.VII.1955 (8, AMNH); 33 mi W Tuxtla Gutiérrez 26.V.1983 (1, ERPC); 25 mi E Tuxtla Gutiérrez 22.VII.1964 (1, USNMNH); Cinco Cerros 8.VI.1989 (4, ERPC); La Sepultura 26.VII & 28.VII.1988 (1, ERPC & MSNG); Chorreadero 3.VII.1988 (1, ERPC); Aguacera 16 km W Ocozocautla 28.VI.1986 (2, USNMNH); Hwy 195 4.5 km N Ixtapa 3000’ mercury vapor and blacklight 24.V.1987 (9, ERPC); Quetzalapa 8.VIII.1979 (1, ERPC); Chiapas-Oaxaca border Hwy 190 10.VI.1990 (2, ERPC); Hwy 190 6–7 km SE La Trinitaria 1500m 19.VI.1991 (1, ERPC); 3 mi SE La Trinitaria 18–19.VI.1965 (1, TAMU); 2.3 mi W Las Cruces 13.VII.1962 (1, CNCI); Palenque 24.VI.1987 & 3.VIII.1988 (2, TAMU); 8.5 Km N Mapastepec 7.VII.1991 (1, TAMU); Microondas Villa Morelos 2.VI.1990 (4, TAMU); 1 mi SE Rio Hondo 22.VII.1974 (4, TAMU); Chicoasén Dam Area 10.IX.1988 (1, MSNG); 13 mi N Arrivaca 26.V.1983 (2, BYU). COLIMA: “ Colima ” (1, MNHUB); 2 mi SW Colima 1800’ 9.VIII.1982 (1, ERPC); 7 mi SSE Colima 9.VII.1984 (2, TAMU); 11.3 mi S Colima 20.VII.1984 3, FSCA); 12 mi E Colima 28.VII.1953 (1, AMNH); 11 mi E Colima 19.VII.1966 (1, TAMU); 16 km NW Colima 800m 19.VII.1989 (1, BYU); Tecolapa 21.VII.1953 (2, AMNH); 7 mi & 10 mi W Colima 2.VIII.1956 & 1.VIII.1954 (10, AMNH); Armeria 21.VII.1953 (3, AMNH); Tecolopa 31.VII.1954 (1, AMNH); 1–6 km E Minatitlán 11.VII.2006 (3, FSCA); 33 km N Manzanillo 11.VII.2006 (1, FSCA). DURANGO: Canelas (3, MNHUB). GUANAJUATO: “ Guanajuato ” (2, NHMP); San Miguel de Allende 12.VIII.1953 (1, AMNH). GUERRERO: Taxco 1800m 1. VI.1981 (1, MNHUB); 9.6 mi SE Taxco 10.VII.1992 (1, FSCA); 6 mi E Tixtla 16.VII.1984 (2, TAMU); 6 mi E Xochipala 3500’ 6.VII.1987 (3, TAMU); 6.2 mi SW Xochipala 13.VII.1985 (1, TAMU); 5.4 mi NE Xochipala 13.VII.1989 (1, TAMU); 8 mi S Iguala 22.VIII.1958 (1, CNCI); 8 mi N Iguala 23.VIII.1958 (1, CNCI); 10.3 mi S Iguala 23.VII.1981 (2, TAMU); 40 km S Iguala 1.VII.1992 (1, NHMB); 39 km W Iguala 18.IX.1989 (1, TAMU); 3 mi S Iguala 10.VII.1966 (1 TAMU); 15 mi S Iguala 10.VII.1966 (1, TAMU); 15 mi S Iguala 23.VII.1981 (2, TAMU); 32 mi S Iguala 12.VII.1966 (2, TAMU); 34.6 km SW Iguala 853m Acacia woodland 5.VII.1987 (1, TAMU); 11.2 mi N Iguala 4300’ 5.VII.1987 (1, TAMU); 49 mi S Iguala 12.VII.1966 (1, TAMU); 65 km S Iguala Nuevo Balsas 1500m 12.VI.1997 (2, MSNG); 2 mi E Ocotito 11.VII.1985 (1, TAMU); 2 mi N Cacahuamilpa 19.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); 2.1 mi NE Cacahuamilpa 4.VII.1987 (1, TAMU); 2.5 mi NE Cacahuamilpa 6.VII.1974 (11, TAMU); Chilpacingo 4000 ’ 19.VII.1962 (1, CNCI); 4 mi E Chilpancingo 15.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); 4 mi W Chilpancingo 15.VII.1984 (1 TAMU); 2 mi SE Tecpan de Galeana 14.VII.1966 (1, TAMU); 1 mi NE La Laguna 17.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); 32 mi SE Petatlan 14.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); Huitzuco 1.VIII.1988 (1, MMPC); Tepetlapa (1, MNHUB); Hwy 200 21 km & 41km & 51 km NE Ixtapa (3, TAMU & FSCA); Hwy 134 25 km & 55 km NE Villa de Zaragoza 14.VII.1985 (2, TAMU); Acahuizotla VI.1993 (1, DSPC); Mezcala 4-5000 ’ 18.VII.1962 (1, CNCI); 2 mi S Mezcala 18.VII.1957 (1, CNCI); 3 km S Mezcala 550m 16.VII.1992 (1, ERPC); Hwy 200 51 km NE Ixtapa 18–21.VII.1985 (1, ERPC); Hwy 134 34–36 km NE Jct 200 14–16.VII.1985 (1, USNMNH); Hwy 134 25 km & 55 km NE Villa de Zaragoza 14–16.VII.1985 (2, ERPC & USNMNH); 3 km S Xalitla 610m 1.VII & 16.VII & 17.VII.1992 (8, ERPC); 15 mi W Chichihualco 5000’ 15.VII.1984 (2, TAMU); Acapulco 10.VII.1936 (1, CNCI); Acapulco 26.V.1981 (1, MNHUB). JALISCO: Chamela Vic. ESTC UNAM 9–19.VII.1993 & 10.VIII.1982 (44, TAMU & FSCA & USNMNH & ERPC); Chamela Estcn UNAM 2–3.X.1992 (2, TAMU); Chamela 1–8.X.1985 (1, BYU); Chamela 26.IX.1985 (9, BYU); 6 km N Chamela 15–17.VII.2002 (1, BMNH); Mpio La Huerta Chamela Biol. Stat. UV light trap 26.VII.1996 (5, TAMU); 18 mi N Barro de Navidad 23.VIII.1976 (2, BYU); 8 km N J. Maria Pino Suarez 1.VIII.1991 (3, TAMU); 6.7 mi N Autlan top of Mind rd. 7.VII.1984 (3, TAMU); 5 km S Autlan 16.VII1990 (1, TAMU); 26 km S Autlan 9.VII.2006 (1, FSCA); 0.6 km N Rio Tomatlan hwy 200 1.VIII.1991 (2, TAMU); 7 km N Malacque 16–19.VII.1990 (1, USNMNH); La Quemada 27.VI.1954 (2, AMNH); 1 km E El Cumbre Tomatlan Rd. 26.VII.1993 (3, ERPC); 10 km NE Jalostotitlan 30.VII.1978 (5, TAMU); Unión de Tula 13.VII.1965 (1, TAMU); Vulkan Colima 1918 (34, ZSM); Vulkan Colima (4, NHMB); Barra de Navidad IX.1965 (1, USNMNH); El Tuito Arroyo El Tuito 618m 29.VII.2006 (1, BYU); Ocotes de Moya S Yahualica 1900m 30.VII.1991 (1, MNHUB). MEXICO CITY: San Jeronimo 11.VI.1946 (1, AMNH); Tacubaya (1, CNIABM). STATE OF MEXICO: Santo Tomás de los Plátanos 16.IX.1968 (1, USNMNH); Temascaltepec Bejucos 2000ft VII.1933 (2, BMNH); Tonatico 6.VII.1974 (1, TAMU). MICHOACÁN: 3 mi N Nueva Italia 8.VII.1985 (2, TAMU); 98 km S Nueva Italia 14–16.VII.2006 (9, BYU & FSCA); 28.5 mi S Nueva Italia 9.VII.1985 (2, TAMU); 4 km N Morelos de Infiernillo 15.VII.2006 (1, FSCA); 14.3 km S Uruapan 1370–1465m 29.VII.1988 (1, TAMU); 22 mi NE Arteaga 3000’ 31.VII.1988 (1, TAMU); Tuxpan 27.VII.1988 (2, MNHUB); Lake Pátzcuaro 8.VIII.1953 (1, AMNH). MORELOS: Cacahuamilpa 1495m 2.VII.1992 (5, NHMB); 2 mi N Cacahuamilpa 19.VII.1984 (1, TAMU); 3 mi W Yautepec 14–15.VI.1966 at blacklight (1, BYU); 7 mi SSW Yautepec 14.VII.1966 (3, BYU); Cuernavaca (1, MNHUB); Cuernavaca (3, NHMP); Cuernavaca VI.1945 (1, USNMNH); Cuernavaca (1, NHMB); Cuernavaca VII.1991 (1, JBPC); Cuernavaca 1500m 23.VI.1973 (1, USNMNH); Cuernavaca 5000ft 7.VII.1900 (1, USNMNH); 10 mi E Cuernavaca 8.VII.1974 & 30.VII.1976 (1, TAMU); 12 mi E Cuernavaca 4300’ 14.VIII.1954 (3, CNCI); Cañon de Lobos 19 km E Cuernavaca 1220 –1375 m 3.VII.1992 (1, ERPC); Cañon de Lobos 1300m 3.VII.1992 (4, NHMP); Cañon de Lobos 12 mi E Cuernavaca 14.VII.1995 (1, USNMNH); Tlaltizapán (2, MNHUB). NAYARIT: 2 km E Punta de Mita 30.VII.1991 & 22–27.VII.1993 (27, TAMU & ERPC); 15 mi SW Compostela 19.VII.1984 (3, FSCA); San Blas 5.VII.1972 (1, FSCA); Bord. Nayarit-Jalisco Puerto Vallarta 28.VIII.1998 (1, DSPC); 13 mi NW Ahuacatlán 25.VII.1959 (1, CNCI); Rosamorada 24.VII.1954 (5, AMNH); 26 mi N Rosamorada 27.VII.1964 (1, AMNH); Acaponeta 4.VIII.1953 (7, AMNH); Compostela 27. VII.1954 (2, AMNH); Tepic 2– 7.VIII.1947 (1, AMNH); 8 mi N Tepic 25.VII.1954 (1, AMNH); 20 mi N Tepic 5.VIII.1956 (2, AMNH); 44 mi NW Tepic 30.VIII.1971 (1, BYU); El Cora Tepic (2, MNHUB); 3 km WNW Jala 3800’ 24.VII.1993 (1, ERPC); Vol. Ceboruco 15–16.VII.1993 (2, ERPC); Jesús María VII.1955 (9, USNMNH). OAXACA; 10 mi NE Oaxaca 20. VI.1966 (1, BYU); 14 mi S Matias Romero 23.VII.1974 (1, TAMU); 8 mi N La Ventosa at light 22.VII.1973 (1, TAMU); 8 mi NE El Punto 18.VII.1985 (1, TAMU; 1.5 mi E Tapanatepec 7.VII.1971 (2, TAMU); 2 mi E Tapanatepec 18.VII.1973 (1, TAMU); 16 km E Tapanatepec 12.VI.2009 (3, BYU & FSCA); 5 mi Tapanatepec Hwy 190 21.VI.1985 (12, FSCA); 3 mi NW Huajuapan de Leon 7.VII.1992 (1, FSCA); Tehuantepec 12.VII.1955 (1, AMNH); Tehuant [epec] (1, BMNH); 7 mi W Tehuantepec 2.VII.1972 (1, FSCA); 13 km W Tehuantepec 100’ 11.VIII.1967 (1, TAMU); 11 mi W Tehuantepec 23.VII.1973 (2, TAMU); 1.5 km W Santo Domingo Tehuantepec 140m 13. VII.1992 (1, ERPC); Totolapan 1650m 11.VII.1992 (NHMB); 2.1 mi NW Totolapan 21.VII.1974 (1, TAMU); Chivela 9.VII.1966 (1, USNMNH); 10.5 km WSW Salina Cruz 31m 14.VII.1992 (1, ERPC); Jalapa del Marques 24.VII.1974 (1, DSPC); 11.6 mi W Jalapa del Marques 12.VII.1971 (6, TAMU); 14 mi W Niltepec 7.VII.1971 (1, TAMU); 5 mi S Candelaria Loxicha 18–19.VII.1974 (1, TAMU); Mitla 24.V.1988 (1, MSNG); Monte Alban 1700m 10.VII.2000 (1, MSPC). PUEBLA: 17.9 mi E & 2.5 mi W of I. de Matamoros 4.VII. & 5.VII.1992 (3, FSCA); 5 mi SE Izucar de Matamoros 20.VII.1984 (3, TAMU); 11.8 mi NW Izucar del Matamoros 13.VII.1974 (1, TAMU); I. de Matamoros-Cuautla Rd. Route 160 Km 129 24.VII.1997 (1, USNMNH); 32.4 mi SE Acatlan 2.VII.1992 (1, FSCA); Acatlan 4800ft 19.VII.1955 (10, AMNH). SINALOA: Copala Mazatlan-Durango Hwy 19.VIII.1964 (3, TAMU); Mazatlan 22.VII.1957 (1, CNCI); Mazatlan 8.VIII.1970 (1, BYU); 5 mi & 18 mi N Mazatlan 18.VIII.1972 & 24– 30.VII.1964 & 5–7.VIII.1964 & 10.VIII.1963 (26, FSCA & USNMNH); 35 mi S Mazatlan 24.VII.1954 (1, AMNH); 46 mi NW Mazatlan 5.IX.1971 (1, BYU); 40 mi & 6 mi S Culiacan 22.VII. & 22.VII.1954 (1, AMNH); 20 mi SE Rosario 20.VIII.1964 (1, TAMU); 16 mi N Rosario 3.VIII.1953 (1, AMNH); 4.5 mi N Elota 17.VII.1984 (1, FSCA); 33 mi E Villa Union 24.VIII.1964 (1, CNCI); 6 mi & 21 mi & 27 mi & 30 mi & 33 mi E Villa Union 23.VII.1954 & 27.VII & 25.VII.1964 & (12, AMNH & CNCI); 20 mi E Concordia 800’ 5.VIII.1964 (1, CNCI); 12 mi SE Escuinapa 14.VIII.1965 (1, TAMU). SONORA: Alamos 10.VIII.1952 (1, AMNH); 1 mi W Alamos 16.VII.1964 (1, TAMU); 5 m E Alamos 2.VIII.1973 (2, FSCA); 13 m SE Alamos 30.X.1972 (2, FSCA); Cuba nr Nuri 3.VII.2008 (1, FSCA); San Javier 4.VII.2008 (1, FSCA); Minas Nuevas 7.VIII.1952 (1, AMNH). VERACRUZ: Tierra Blanca, 15.VIII.1962 (2, CNCI); Cordoba 22.X.1963 (1, USNMNH). NICARAGUA: Carazo: Diriamba Finka 13 km SW 9–19.VI.2013 (1, JBPC). Esteli: Ducuali 13.VI.1967 (1, USNMNH). Granada: Las Plazuelas 19.V.2012 (3, ERPC); Domitila 18.V.2012 (4, ERPC); Domitila Wildlife Reserve tropical dry forest 9–14.VI.2007 (1, HNHMB); 122 km S Managua Hwy 2 W shore Lago de Nicaragua 4.VI.1973 (1, USNMNH). León: El Pochote VI.1987 (1, FSCA). South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region [RAAS]: El Prog. 2000’ Hwy 17 entr. to Mrzn. 29.V-Big Corn Island 2.VI.1989 (3, TAMU & USNMNH); Great Corn Isl. 21–28.I.1966 (1, AMNH). VENEZUELA: BOLÍVAR Caicara del Orinoco 1929 (1, USNMNH) (The collection locality of the only studied specimen, reported on the label, is found to be very isolated compared to the overall confirmed distribution range, and might be due to a mistake, for this reason this record is questionable and needs further evidence). Additional data from literature. MEXICO: Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca (Ordóñez-Reséndiz & López-Pérez, 2021); EL SALVADOR: San Salvador: El Rosario Cuscatlán (Van Roie et al., 2019). Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Venezuela (?). New for Costa Rica, El Salvador. The presence of the species in Venezuela needs confirmation. Diagnosis. At first glance this species is similar to G. lecontii, but differs in having pronotal punctation finer and sparser, in upper lobes of the eyes well separated in males along the median line, in frons mostly black in females, with only a transversal yellow line between ocular canthi. Besides, the mid and posterior legs are usually partly yellow, and the shape of the aedeagal median lobe is completely different (Figs 2; 8). Griburius purpurascens (Suffrian, 1852), not belonging to this species group, is also very similar but differs in pronotal punctuation fine and regularly distributed also on the central part of disc, in the upper lobes of the eyes basically touching in males along the median line. Additionally, in G. purpurascens almost aways in female, and often in males, the sides of pronotum are covered with a thick and evident whitish setosity. Griburius biverrucatus is also similar, but can easily be distinguished by the coarse and dense covering of punctures on pronotal surface. Description of male. BL = 4.3–4.9 mm, BW = 2.7–3.0 mm, PL = 1.6–1.8 mm, PW = 2.4–2.8 mm. Interocular distance 2.0–2.3 % of BL. Head (Fig. 2d) yellow with vertex, longitudinal stripe between upper lobes of eyes, antennal insertion and lower clypeal margin black. Labrum light yellow. Vertex matt, sparsely punctured with fine, recumbent, whitish setae. Surface of frontoclypeal area with coarse, well-impressed punctation and scattered setae. Mid-cranial suture barely detectable between upper lobes of eyes. Up
Youthhood
No full textTESTING-GROUND issue 03, Youthhood, examines worlds through youthful eyes, makes evident young ambitions, and questions how we can better empower young people to design cities, landscapes, and a planet that works for them. The issue includes contributions from: Carmel Keren, Jude Daniel Smith, Claire Edwards, Kazeem Kuteyi, Emmanuel Adarkwah, Reza Nik, Dan Cui, Kristofer Cullum-Fernandez, Fida Sassi, Simeon Shtebunaev, Daze Aghaji, Averill Dimabuyu, Sarri Elfaitouri, Rebecca McDonald-Balfour, and Ed Wall.
Rebecca McDonald-Balfour (Author), Jude Daniel Smith (Author), Daze Aghaji (Author), Carmel Keran (Author), Alexis Liu (Author), Dan Cui (Author), Kristofer Cullum-Fernandez (Author), Fida Sassi (Author), Averill Dimabuyu (Author), Ed
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