185 research outputs found
Application of physico-chemical pretreatment methods to enhance the sludge disintegration and subsequent anaerobic digestion: an up to date review
No full textOccurrence and fate of aromaticity driven recalcitrance in anaerobic treatment of wastewater and organic solid wastes
No full textAromatic compounds such as aromatic amines (AAs) or lignocellulose biomass derivatives are often recalcitrant to biological processes (i.e., anaerobic digestion). The level of recalcitrance is usually explained by the biochemical structure of the compounds, which determines their removal. AAs are present in dye wastewaters mainly originated from textile industries and are considered carcinogenic and challenging pollutants to be removed from wastewater. The hydrolysis of lignin leads to the formation of some aromatic compounds, which could be recalcitrant at certain concentrations and operation conditions. Similarly, derivatives from sugar degradation such as furfurals and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from pentose and hexose degradation, respectively, have also been reported to be recalcitrant to anaerobic treatment. This chapter details the different forms of recalcitrance found and/or formed during wastewater and organic solid waste treatment, particularly in the anaerobic digestion process. Moreover, the possible strategies to mitigate the recalcitrance of these compounds are comprehensively explained.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Sanitary Engineerin
Effects of microwave and alkali induced pretreatment on sludge solubilization and subsequent aerobic digestion
No full textRole of volume exchange ratio and non-aeration time in spillage of nitrogen in continuously fed and intermittently decanted sequencing batch reactor
No full textUnderstanding the influence of alloy aditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metal from gas-shielded processes / by Vinay K. Tyagi.
Get PDF"May 2002"Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-229)xxvi, 368 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 200
A critical assessment of technical advances in pharmaceutical removal from wastewater – A critical review
Get PDFUse of pharmaceutical products has seen a tremendous increase in the recent decades. It has been observed that more than thirty million tons of pharmaceuticals are consumed worldwide. The used pharmaceutical products are not completely metabolized in human and animal body. Therefore, they are excreted to the environment and remain there as persistent organic chemicals. These compounds emerge as toxic contaminants in water and affect the human metabolism directly or indirectly. This literature review is an endeavour to understand the origin, applications and current advancement in the removal of pharmaceuticals from the environment. It discusses about the pharmaceuticals used in medical applications such diagnosis and disease treatment. In addition, it discusses about the recent approaches applied in pharmaceutical removal including microbial fuel cells, biofiltration, and bio nanotechnology approaches. Moreover, the challenges associated with pharmaceutical removal are presented considering biological and environmental factors. The review suggest the potential recommendations on pharmaceutical removal.The corresponding author Prof. Vinay Kumar is thankful to all the co-authors for their collaborative efforts in writing this paper. This work was supported by Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.Peer reviewe
Landfill Leachate Management
No full textLandfill leachate is a complex mix of organics, inorganics and heavy metals produced from the conventional and engineering landfilling practices. The adverse effects of landfill leachate on the human and environmental health have forced the relevant authorities to stipulate stringent disposal requirements, producing the requirement for ground-breaking technological solutions for effective management of landfill leachate. The researchers and field engineers are still looking for robust options for leachate management. This timely book on landfill leachate management is a valued addition into this domain. The key features of the book include: broad range of treatment techniques covered, conventional to advanced technological options discussed, along with the inclusion of successful case studies
Landfill Leachate Management
Get PDFLandfill leachate is a complex mix of organics, inorganics and heavy metals produced from the conventional and engineering landfilling practices. The adverse effects of landfill leachate on the human and environmental health have forced the relevant authorities to stipulate stringent disposal requirements, producing the requirement for ground-breaking technological solutions for effective management of landfill leachate. The researchers and field engineers are still looking for robust options for leachate management. This timely book on landfill leachate management is a valued addition into this domain. The key features of the book include: broad range of treatment techniques covered, conventional to advanced technological options discussed, along with the inclusion of successful case studies
Microplastics in landfill leachate and its treatment
No full textLandfill leachate is a prominent source for microplastics into the environment. Various polymer types have been detected in leachate collected from landfills and among those polyethylene and polypropylene were the most prominently detected polymer types, with a size ranged from 20 to 5,000 μm. Fibers, foams, films, beads, and fragments were the mostly detected shapes, and a majority was transparent and yellow colored. The abundance of microplastics in leachate varied with the type of waste present in landfills. Microplastics present in leachate migrated to the surrounding soil, groundwater, and open waters located nearby landfills. The main migration pathways are direct leaching and usage of treated leachate as a soil conditioner, and usage of microplastic-contaminated sludge released from leachate-treatment facilities as fertilizers. To reduce the risks associated with microplastics released from landfill leachate, treatment of landfill leachate using proper treatment strategies is mandatory. The main techniques used to remove microplastics from landfill leachate are physical, chemical, biological, and land-based processes. After the treatment, abundance, size, and chemical composition of microplastics were altered considerably. However, the complexity and composition of leachate decreased the efficiency of treatment techniques substantially. This chapter provides a descriptive overview of the occurrence, abundance, and properties of microplastics extracted from leachate, the main migration pathways that reintroduce microplastics into the surrounding environment, the main treatment techniques, and challenges associated with the treatment strategies
Revolutionizing Immunotherapy: Unveiling New Horizons, Confronting Challenges, and Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers in CAR-T Cell-Based Gene Therapies
Get PDFShivani Srivastava,1,* Anuradha Tyagi,2,* Vishakha Anand Pawar,3,* Nawaid Hussain Khan,4,* Kavita Arora,5,6 Chaitenya Verma,7,8 Vinay Kumar9 1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; 2Department of cBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Delhi, India; 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; 4Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic; 5Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 6School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 7Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 8Department of Biotechnology, SSET, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India; 9Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Heshey, PA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chaitenya Verma; Vinay Kumar, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The CAR-T cell therapy has marked the dawn of new era in the cancer therapeutics and cell engineering techniques. The review emphasizes on the challenges that obstruct the therapeutic efficiency caused by cell toxicities, immunosuppressive tumor environment, and decreased T cell infiltration. In the interest of achieving the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of patients, the conceptual background of potential target selection and various CAR-T cell design techniques are described which can minimize the off-target effects, reduce toxicity, and thus increase the resilience of CAR-T cell treatment in the haematological malignancies as well as in solid tumors. Furthermore, it delves into cutting-edge technologies like gene editing and synthetic biology, providing new opportunities to enhance the functionality of CAR-T cells and overcome mechanisms of immune evasion. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex and diverse aspects of CAR-T cell-based gene treatments, including both scientific and clinical aspects. By effectively addressing the obstacles and utilizing the capabilities of cutting-edge technology, CAR-T cell therapy shows potential in fundamentally changing immunotherapy and reshaping the approach to cancer treatment.Keywords: CAR-T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, gene therapies, gene editing, predictive biomarker
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