294 research outputs found
Application of a model of plastic porous materials including void shape effects to the prediction of ductile failure under shear-dominated loadings
Full text linkAn extension of Gurson's famous model (Gurson, 1977) of porous plastic solids, incorporating void shape effects, has recently been proposed by Madou and Leblond (Madou and Leblond, 2012a, 2012b, 2013; Madou et al., 2013). In this extension the voids are no longer modelled as spherical but ellipsoidal with three different axes, and changes of the magnitude and orientation of these axes are accounted for. The aim of this paper is to show that the new model is able to predict softening due essentially to such changes, in the absence of significant void growth. This is done in two steps. First, a numerical implementation of the model is proposed and incorporated into the SYSTUS® and ABAQUS® finite element programmes (through some freely available UMAT (Leblond, 2015) in the second case). Second, the implementation in SYSTUS® is used to simulate previous "numerical experiments" of Tvergaard and coworkers (Tvergaard, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015a; Dahl et al., 2012; Nielsen et al., 2012) involving the shear loading of elementary porous cells, where softening due to changes of the void shape and orientation was very apparent. It is found that with a simple, heuristic modelling of the phenomenon of mesoscopic strain localization, the model is indeed able to reproduce the results of these numerical experiments, in contrast to Gurson's model disregarding void shape effects
Resistance curves for mixed mode interface crack growth between dissimilar elastic-plastic solids
No full textCohesive zone representations of failure between elastic or rigid solids and ductile solids
No full textNucleation from a cluster of inclusions, leading to void coalescense
Full text linkA cell model analysis is used to study the nucleation and subsequent growth of voids from a non-uniform distribution of inclusions in a ductile material. Nucleation is modeled as either stress controlled or strain controlled. The special clusters considered consist of a number of uniformly spaced inclusions located along a plane perpendicular to the maximum principal tensile stress. A plane strain approximation is used, where the inclusions are parallel cylinders perpendicular to the plane. Clusters with different numbers of inclusions are compared with the nucleation and growth from a single inclusion, such that the total initial volume of the inclusions is the same for the clusters and the single inclusion. After nucleation, local void coalescence inside the clusters is accounted for, since this makes it possible to compare the rate of growth of the single larger void that results from coalescence in the different clusters. Nucleation parameters leading to rather early nucleation, or to later nucleation, are considered. Also, different transverse stresses on the unit cell are considered to see the influence of different levels of stress triaxiality, and results are shown for different levels of strain hardening in the material
Void shape effects and voids starting from cracked inclusion
No full textNumerical, axisymmetric cell model analyses are used to study the growth of voids in ductile metals, until the mechanism of coalescence with neighbouring voids sets in. A special feature of the present analyses is that extremely small values of the initial void volume fraction are considered, down to 10−10, which means that the metal undergoes huge strains before coalescence. This is accounted for in the present analyses by using remeshing techniques. The evolution of the void shape during the large deformations is a natural outcome of the numerical analysis. Also the effect of different initial void shapes is considered, as well as the effect of different spacings between the voids in the axial and transverse directions. While these first analyses are carried out for voids in a homogeneous metal, a second set of cell model studies are carried out for voids that initiate from a crack in a hard second phase particle. As the particle deforms relatively little the void growth is here dominated by strong blunting of the metal at the tip of the initial penny-shaped crack. These analyses are used to estimate how well the void shape evolution would be approximated by assuming that the presence of the particle in the material adjacent to the void can be neglected
Influence of plasticity on interface toughness in a layered solid with residual stresses
No full textEffect of T-stress on crack growth under mixed mode I-III loading
No full textAbstractFor a crack subjected to combined mode I and III loading the influence of a T-stress is analyzed, with focus on crack growth. The solid is a ductile metal modelled as elastic–plastic, and the fracture process is represented in terms of a cohesive zone model. The analyzes are carried out for conditions of small scale yielding, with the elastic solution applied as boundary conditions on the outer edge of the region analyzed. For several combinations of the stress intensity factors KI and KIII and the T-stress crack growth resistance curves are calculated numerically in order to determine the fracture toughness. In all situations it is found that a negative T-stress adds to the fracture toughness, whereas a positive T-stress has rather little effect. For given values of KI and T the minimum fracture toughness corresponds to KIII=0
Elastic–plastic void expansion in near-self-similar shapes
No full textFor void growth in an elastic–plastic strain hardening material the preferred shape of the void is calculated, dependent on the macroscopic stress state. Axisymmetric cell model analyses are carried out with a very small initial void size relative to the cell dimensions. Large deformations of the material around the void are modeled until the void volume is four orders of magnitude larger than the initial volume. An iterative procedure is used until the final void shape and the initial void shape are identical. Even when this convergence has been obtained, the void shape does not stay constant during the growth. Thus, the shapes found give only approximately self-similar growth. The results are compared with self-similar shapes determined previously for nonlinear viscous solids, subject to power law creep. For the time independent elastic–plastic material considered here the effect of the strain hardening level and of the initial yield strain are studied
Effect of large elastic strains on cavitation instability predictions for elastic-plastic solids
No full textFor an infinite solid containing a void, the cavitation instability limit is defined as the remote stress-and strain state, at which the void grows without bound, driven by the elastic energy stored in the surrounding material. Such cavitation limits have been analysed by a number of authors for metal plasticity as well as for nonlinear elastic solids. The analyses for elastic-plastic solids are here extended to consider the effect of a large initial yield strain, and it is shown how the critical stress value decays for increasing value of the yield strain. Analyses are carried out for remote hydrostatic tension as well as for more general axisymmetric remote stress field, with an initially spherical void. Different levels of strain hardening are considered. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
On cavitation instabilities with interacting voids
No full textWhen a single void grows in an elastic–plastic material a cavitation instability may occur, if the stress triaxiality is sufficiently high. The effect of neighbouring voids on such unstable cavity growth is studied here by comparing two different models. The first model considers a periodic array of voids, which allows for different rates of growth of two different types of voids. The second model considers a single discretely represented void embedded in a porous ductile material. It is shown that these two models represent very different interaction behaviour. According to the first model small voids so far apart that the radius of the plastic zone around each void is less than 1% of the current spacing between the voids, can still affect each others at the occurrence of a cavitation instability such that one void stops growing while the other grows in an unstable manner. On the other hand, the second model only accounts for effects of neighbouring voids that are inside the plastic zone surrounding the central void. The unit cell models analysed are axisymmetric, considering the full range of unstable stress states with the transverse true stress either larger than or smaller than the axial true stress
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