2,666 research outputs found
The pozition and importance of Sme's in Turkey and in the world in terms of employment; the problems that they encounter in our country
Get PDFTürkiye' de ve Dünya' da KOB' leri inceledigimiz bu Tez çalısmasında KOB' lerin Ülkemiz ve Dünya Ekonomileri açısından ne kadar önemli ve hayati bir görev üstlendikleri halde hak ettikleri deger ve önemin verilmedigini anlatmaya çalıstık. Bunu yapmaya çalısırken de Dünya' da ve Türkiye' de KOB' lerin yerini ve tanımlarını irdelerken, istihdam ve yasadıkları problemler gibi kriterlere de deginmeye çalıstık. Tezimizin yapılmasında asıl amaç ve savunulan fikir ise KOB' lerin kalkınmadaki rolü ve önemi ile ekonomimizin bel kemigi olusturdugudur. Tezimizin birinci bölümünde KOB' lere genel bir bakıs atarak, ortaya çıkıs nedenleri, ktisadi hayatta önemi ve avantaj- dezavantaj faktörlerini ele almaya çalıstık. kinci Bölümde ise Türk Ekonomisinde KOB' leri incelerken, Ekonomiye katkıları ve çesitli kriterler etrafında bu katkıları inceledik. Üçüncü bölüme geldigimizde ise, bu kez basta Avrupa Ülkeleri olmak üzere Dünya' da KOB' lerin durumunu Ülkemizle mukayeseli olarak incelemeye çalıstık. Bunu yaparken birçok dünya ülkesini ana hatlarıyla tek tek ele aldık. Bu amaçla da Dünya ülkelerinde KOB' leri belirleyen kıstaslar ve ekonomik islevleri açıklamaya çalıstık. Tezimin Dördüncü ve son bölümünde ise Ülkemizde KOB' lerin hangi asamalardan geçerek bugünlere geldigini, kurumsal gelisimini, Cumhuriyet öncesi, sonrası ve planlı dönemler itibarıyla ele aldıktan sonra örgütlenme durumu ile KOB' lere destek veren kuruluslar incelenmistir. Daha sonra ise Türkiye' de KOB' lerin karsılastıgı baslıca sorunlar ayrıntılarıyla ele alınmıstır. Tezimin hazırlanmasında sonsuz anlayıs, emek ve yardımlarını esirgemeyen danısmanım Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa TURHAN hocama tesekkür ederim.In this thesis that we examine SME? s in Turkey and in the World we tied to show; Although SME? s are so important and take a vital function for our country and for the world economy, they don?t deserve enough value and importance. At this point while we are examining the position and definition of the SME? s in Turkey and in the world, we tried to touch on some criterias like and employment and problems. Main idea of writing this thesis and the idea that we maintain is; SME? s are the main support of our economy with their role and importance in development. In the first part of this thesis while we are viewing generally, we tried to examine the coming out of SME?s, their importance for the economy and the advantages and disadvantages of them. In the second part of this thesis, the SME?s contribution to Turkish economy on the behalf of different criterion?s are examined. In the third part we tried to examine the position of the SME? s especially in the European Countries and in the World, comparing with the SME? s in our country. In relation to this, base properties of many countries are examined and with the help of these properties we tried to explain the role of SME?s in the economy of those countries. In the fourth part we examined the stages of SME? s that they pass through and the institutional development of them in Turkey like; before republic, after republic and the planned terms. Later on we studied on position of the SME? s in Turkey and the foundations which support them. After that we pass through the main problems of SME? s in Turkey with details. I am very grateful to my teacher Dear Mr. Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa Turhan for his infinite tolerance, effort and assistance
The life-works and art of Mustafa Balel
No full textMustafa Balel (1945- ) 1972'de Yeni Ortam'da başlayıp günümüze uzanan yazarlık hayatında toplumsal gerçekleri konu etmesi ve ayrıntıları sivriltmesi ile döneminin yazarlarından ayrılır. Sanat hayatı boyunca başta öykü olmak üzere roman, anlatı, gezi yazısı ve çocuk edebiyatı alanlarında eserler vermiştir. Balel, toplumdaki yapıyı eserlerinde okura sunmuştur. Bu bağlamda yazar, Türk toplumunun sanıldığı gibi ataerkil değil anaerkil bir yapıda olduğu görüşünü savunmaktadır. Bu durum eserlerinde baskın kadın tiplerini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Yazarlık hayatı boyunca hiçbir zaman realizmden kopmayan Balel, yaşamın kendisini eserlerine taşımıştır. Bunu yaparken de gerçekleri olduğu gibi söyleyen çocuk anlatıcılardan yararlanmıştır. Toplumdaki sosyoekonomik yapıya dayanan sınıf ayrımını eserlerinde vurgulayan yazar, toplumsal gerçekçi bir çizgiye sahiptir. Daha çok aile, şiddet, kadın hâkimiyeti, yalnızlık ve göç temalarını konu etmiştir. Ele aldığı toplumsal konulara paralel olarak dilde de halktan kopuk bir tutum izlemeyen Balel, daha çok halkın yöresel söyleminde yer edinen deyim ve atasözlerinden faydalanmıştır. Bu karakteristik özellikleri farklı edebî türlerde kaleme aldığı eserlerinin tamamında görülür.Mustafa Balel (1945- ) whose career as a novelist started with Yeni Ortam (New Circumstances) in 1972 and pursued up to now is distinguished from his contemporaries as depicted social realities and sharpened details. During his art career, he produced novels, stories, narration, itineraries and works in children?s literature. Balel has presented the social structure to readers. In this context, the author argues that Turkish society is not a patriarchal as supposed but matriarchal. This case has lead to dominant women characters in his works. Balel, who have always stuck to realism, reflected his own life in his works. While doing this, he made use of children narrators who tell the truth as it is. The author who emphasizes social stratification in his works which is based on socioeconomic structure follows a social realistic line. In his works, he mostly treated family, violence, women dominancy, loneliness and immigration. In parallel with social issues he handled, Balel used idioms and proverbs established in people?s local language and thus did not have a language style different from people. This characteristic is seen in all his works in different literature genres
The use of interactional metadiscourse : a comparison of articles on Turkish education and literature
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the use of interactional metadiscourse in articles from the domains of Turkish language and literature. The study employed a descriptive research model to examine 20 articles from the Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute (all articles were published between 2010 and 2015 and each has only a single author). Of these randomly selected articles, 10 were on Turkish language education and 10 were concerned with Turkish literature. Hyland and Tse's metadiscourse model was adopted to examine markers of interactional metadiscourse in all fundamental parts of these articles. For the evaluation of the obtained data, the content analysis technique and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine whether the interactional metadiscourse demonstrates any significant differences regarding the domains of Turkish language education and literature. Experts were consulted to ensure the reliability of the research. As a result, this study revealed that there is more use of interactional metadiscourse markers in the field of Turkish language education than in the field of literature, and this difference is significant, according to the Mann-Whitney U test. Further, it was found that hedges and boosters demonstrate a significant difference in studies on Turkish language education and literature; however, no significant difference in the uses of attitude markers, engagement markers, and self-mentions was observed.This study aims to determine the use of interactional metadiscourse in articles from the domains of Turkish language and literature. The study employed a descriptive research model to examine 20 articles from the Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute (all articles were published between 2010 and 2015 and each has only a single author). Of these randomly selected articles, 10 were on Turkish language education and 10 were concerned with Turkish literature. Hyland and Tse's metadiscourse model was adopted to examine markers of interactional metadiscourse in all fundamental parts of these articles. For the evaluation of the obtained data, the content analysis technique and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine whether the interactional metadiscourse demonstrates any significant differences regarding the domains of Turkish language education and literature. Experts were consulted to ensure the reliability of the research. As a result, this study revealed that there is more use of interactional metadiscourse markers in the field of Turkish language education than in the field of literature, and this difference is significant, according to the Mann-Whitney U test. Further, it was found that hedges and boosters demonstrate a significant difference in studies on Turkish language education and literature; however, no significant difference in the uses of attitude markers, engagement markers, and self-mentions was observed
The Water Foundations in Mecca and Madinah at the end of the XVIIIth Century
Get PDFOsmanlı Devleti, Hicaz‟ı ilhak etmesinin ardından Kanuni döneminde Mekke ve Medine‟nin su ihtiyacının kesintisiz ve rahat karşılanması için büyük yatırımlar yapmıştır. Özellikle 1530 ve 1570 tarihinde Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ve kızı Mihrimah Sultan‟ın Ayn-i Zübeyde için harcamış oldukları paralar, Mekke‟nin en önemli su kaynağının uzun yıllar ayakta kalmasını sağlamıştır. Aynı şekilde Zemzem Kuyusu ve Medine‟deki Ayn-i Zerka için büyük paralar harcanarak gerek tabii şartlar, gerek beklenmeyen etkiler, gerekse yenilemeler nedeniyle lazım gelen tamiratları zaman geçirmeden ve büyük bir hassasiyetle ifa edilmiştir. İki ana su kaynağının temel hizmetleri genelde devlet tarafından yerine getirilmiştir. Hac yolunda verilen su hizmetlerinin finansmanı ile mukaddes beldelerde çeşme, su dağıtılması, kuyulardan su çekilmesi vb. işler ise vakıflar eliyle yürütülmüştür. Sokullu Mehmed Paşa‟dan başlayarak son döneme kadar bu maksatla onlarca vakıf kurulmuştur. Bunlardan bazıları şunlardır: 1-Mekke ve Medine‟de değişik yerlerde inşa edilen çeşmeler ve vakıfları, 2-Hatice Turhan Sultan‟ın Hacılar ve Haremeyn‟in su ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi için 7.800 kuruş vakfetmesi, 3-Lala Mustafa Paşa‟nın Medine-i Münevvere‟de bir sebil ve su havuzu inşa edilmesi maksadıyla yaptığı vakıf, 4-Kemankeş Mustafa Paşa‟nın Mekke‟de yeni bir suyolu inşası ve Medîne‟de ise „Âyn-ı Zerkâ suyolunun takip edilip meydana gelebilecek aksaklıkların anında tâmir edilmesi gayesiyle yaptığı vakıflar. Çalışmamızda ağırlıklı olarak XIII. hicri yılın başlarında, diğer bir ifade ile miladi olarak XVIII. yüzyılın sonlarında Mekke ve Medine‟nin temel su kaynakları için yapılan tamir ve bakım faaliyetleri ile yerli halk ve hacılara su temin etme gayesi ile kurulmuş vakıflar ele alınacaktır.Ottoman Empire, after the annexation of Hejaz, during the period of the first Suleyman, has made huge investments in order to provide the uninterrupted and fluid water needs of both cities. Especially in 1530 and 1570, spending large amounts of money by Suleyman the Magnificent and his daughter Mihrimah Sultan for the Ayn-i Zubeydah led to maintain for many years as the most important water source of Macca. In a similar vein, immediate repairs were made tenderly and precisely resulting from natural conditions, unexpected events and renewal needs while spending large amount of money for Zamzam Well and Ayn-i Zubayda in Madinah, In general, the basic needs of two primary water sources were provided by the state. Financing water services for the route of pilgrimage and works such as fountain, water distribution, water withdrawal from wells in Holy Cities were performed by the foundations. Starting from Sokullu Mehmed Pasha to current times dozens of foundations for this purpose have been established. Some of them are as follows: Fountains and foundations were built in various places in Mecca and Medinah, The consecration of Hatice Turhan Sultan‟s 7800 ghrush for providing the needs of Hacilar and Haremeyn. The foundation of Lala Mustafa Pasha in order to build fountains and water pools in Madinah. The construction of a new waterway in Mecca and establishment of foundations in Medina due to repair possible hitches immediately through following the path of the 'Ayn-ı Zerka waterway by Kemankesh Mustafa Pasha In our study, primarily, at the beginning of XIIIth of Hijri year, in other words, in terms of Gregorian calendar, at the end of the XVIIIth century, the repair and maintenance activities for basic water resources in Mecca and Medina and established foundations with the aim of providing water services to the pilgrims and local folk will be discussed
Heft Meclis Mustafa Âli of Gallipolli
Get PDFXVI yy. Osmanlı aydın ve tarihçilerinden olan Gelibolulu Mustafa Âlî’nin tarihi konuda verdiği eserlerinden birisi olan Heft Meclis Kânûnî Sultan Süleyman’ın son seferi olan Sigetvar’ı ve II. Selim’in cülûsunu anlatmaktadır. Tarih bakımından ehemmiyeti olan bu eserin, edebi yönden de büyük kıymet iktiza ettiğini söylemek gerekir. Çünkü eseri incelerken olaylardan fazla olayların aktarılışının ön planda olduğunu görmek mümkün. Bilinen birçok şeyin edebi bir dille, özen ve itina ile anlatıldığı hem edebi hem de tarihi yönden birçok kıymete haiz bu eser, H.980 (14 Mayıs 1572-2 Mayıs 1573) tarihinde Mustafa Âlî tarafından kaleme alınmış ve Sadrazam Sokollu Mehmed Paşa’ya sunulmuştur.
Müellifin bu eseri adından (Heft) da anlaşılacağı üzere yedi bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci Meclis; Besmele, hamdele salvele, gazaların önemi, övgüler ve dualar ile başlamış; İkinci Meclis; Padişahın sefere hareketi ve ilk mola yeri hakkında; Üçüncü Meclis; Vezirlerin alayları ve savaşın başındaki görüşleri hakkında; Dördüncü Meclis; Savaşın başlaması, kızışması düşmanların mağlup edilmesi hakkında; Beşinci Meclis; Padişahın vefat etmesi ve Sigetvar’ın fethi vezir-i ‘âzamın padişahın vefatını saklamsı; Altıncı Meclis; II.Selim’in saltanata geçmesi, askerin Sigetvardan geri dönüşte padişahla buluşması hakkında; Yedinci Meclis; Eserin yazılma sebebi ve müellifin arz u hali hakkındadır.In XVI century. one of the writings as an Ottoman intellectual and historian Mustafa Âlî of Gallipolli left is Heft Meclisi tells Sigetvar the last campaign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman (Lawmaker Solomon) and accession of Selim II. We should say that this writing which has historical importance has also literary value. That is why it is possible to recognize the style is in the foreground than the events while examining the writing. This book which told lots of known things in a strong literary language with a big care was written in, 980 H. (14 May 1572-2 May 1573) by Mehmed Âlî and in the same year was presented to Grand Vizier Sokullu Mehmed Pasha.
Author’s book named as (Seven) is consisted of seven sections. First Assembly: is started with the name of God, thanksgiving, praising Muhammad and prayer; Second Assembly: is about the march of the sultan and first stop point; Third Assembly: is about regiments of viziers and their views about the campaign; Fourth Assembly: is about the start of campaign, proceeding and defeating of enemy; Fifth Assembly: is about death of Sultan, conquest of Sigetvar and hidden death news by grand vizier; Sixth Assembly: is about ascension of Selim II. to throne and meeting of soldiers and sultan during the return from Sigetvar; Seventh Assembly: is about the reason of this work and request of author
Parallel markets in school choice
No full textWhen applying to schools, students often submit applications to distinct school systems that operate independently, which leads to waste and distortions of stability due to miscoordination. To alleviate this issue, Manjunath and Turhan (2016) introduce the Iterative Deferred Acceptance mechanism (IDA); however, this mechanism is not strategy-proof. We design an experiment to compare the performance of this mechanism under parallel markets (DecDA2) to the classic Deferred Acceptance mechanism with both divided (DecDA) and unified markets (DA). Consistent with the theory, we find that both stability and efficiency are highest under DA, intermediate under DecDA2, and lowest under DecDA. We observe that some subjects use strategic reporting when predicted, leading to improved efficiency for all participants of the market. Our findings cast doubt on whether strategy-proofness should be perceived as a universal constraint to market mechanisms.This is a working paper of an article published as Afacan, Mustafa Oğuz, Piotr Evdokimov, Rustamdjan Hakimov, and Bertan Turhan. "Parallel markets in school choice." Games and Economic Behavior 133 (2022): 181-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2022.03.003. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. Posted with permission
The effect of flight distance on fuel mileage and CO2 per passenger kilometer
No full textWOS: 000465030100006In this study, the effect of distance on fuel mileage (fuel burn per nautical mile) and CO2 intensity, based on a large amount of actual flight data, is discussed for narrow-body commercial aircraft performing domestic flights for flight distances of between similar to 200 and similar to 800 NM, in Turkey. For twenty-nine domestic routes, the average CO2 intensity is calculated to be 88 gr/pa-km, with an 80% load factor, ranging from between 112 gr/pa-km (207 gr/pa-NM) for the shortest route and 78 gr/pa-km (145 gr/pa-NM) for the longest route. An overall runway-to-runway analysis reveals that the average flight fuel consumption increases by 5.1 kg for each additional nautical mile. The discussion is extended to cover wind effect, through westbound and eastbound flights, on fuel consumption. The average fuel mileage of the eastbound flights, above 30 kft, is found to be 11.2% lower than those for the westbound flights. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to reveal the effects of three main flight performance parameters, namely, cruise altitude, cruise speed and aircraft mass on the cruise CO2 intensity.TUBITAK [111Y048, 1205F091]TUBITAK, 111Y048 Anadolu University, 1205F091
An Intelligent Hospital Navigation and Guidance System for Visually Impaired Patients
Get PDFGörme engellilerin dolaşımının sağlanması ve iç mekanların karmaşıklığını öğrenmelerine gerek kalmadan topluma dahil olabilmeleri için karmaşık ortamlarda akıllı yönlendirme sistemleri kritiktir. Görünmez Gözler (Invisible Eyes) isimli sistemimiz, görme engelliler için akıllı rehberlik ve yönlendirme yapmaktadır. Sistem, bina içi yönlendirme için prosedürlerin ugulanmasının şart olduğu karmaşık ortam olarak hastaneleri hedeflemektedir. Kullanıcılar, kendileri için tasarımlanmış özel kullanıcı arayüzlerini kullanarak amaçlarını girebilmekte ve girdikleri amaçlar doğrultusunda da sistem hedef noktalarını hesaplamaktadır. Gezgin satıcı problemi adapte edilmiştir ve en uygun rota hesaplaması yapılarak kullanıcıya gerçek zamanlı yönlendirme komutları verilmektedir. Sistemi değerlendirmek için hastaneyi temsilen bir test ortamı hazırlanmıştır ve sonuçların da gösterdiği üzere akıllı amaç seçme ve hedef noktalarını belirleme mekanizması kullanıcılar tarafından kabul edilmiş ve etkili bulunmuştur.Intelligent guidance in complex environments is critical to achieve mobility for the visually impaired, and encourage them to be more actively involved in society without spending time to learn about procedures related to indoor environments. Our system, Invisible Eyes, provides intelligent navigation and guidance to the visually impaired. The system implemented is for hospitals chosen as complex environment where procedures must be applied in order to navigate. The system allows the users to input their objectives via specially designed user interface, and destination targets are determined based on their purposes by the system. Path optimization is performed by adaptation of the travelling salesman problem, and real time instantaneous instructions are provided to users. For evaluation of the system, an environment representing hospitals is established and tested by visually impaired participants and the results show that the intelligent purpose selection-destination evaluation mechanism part of the system is approved and found to be effective by all the participants
Reforms of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
No full textŠā darba saturs ir veltīts biogrāfijai, personiskai dzīvei, kara karjerai un reformām Turcijā Mustafa Kemala Ataturka valdes laikā.
Galvenā uzmanība ir pievērsta viņa reformām Turcijā.
Teorētiskā daļā autors apraksta Mustafa Kemala Ataturka īsu biogrāfiju, viņa personisko dzīvi, kara karjeru, piedalīšanos pirmā pasaules kara gados, politiskas karjeras sākumu un viņa dzīves beigas. Analītiskā darba daļa ir veltīta viņa reformu aprakstam.
Pētījuma rezultātā autors atnāk pie secinājuma, ka Mustafa Kemala Ataturka uzdevums tika noslēgts izmaiņās un iekšējas valsts uzlabojumā.
Uz izdarīto secinājumu bāzes autors var apgalvot, ka šis cilvēks pie dzīves bija dižens reformators.
Šo darbu var izmantot Mustafa Kemala Ataturka dzīves ceļa un valsts darbības studēšanā.The content of this work is devoted to the biography, a private life, military career and reforms in Turkey during board Mustafy Kemalja Atatjurka.
The main attention is given to its reforms in Turkey.
In a theoretical part the author describes brief biography of Mustafa Kemal Atatjurk , its private life, military career, participation within the first world war, the beginning of political career and the end of its life. The analytical part of work is devoted to the description of its reforms.
As a result of research the author comes to conclusion, that problem Mustafa Kemal Atatjurk has been concluded in variation and improvement of internal state schedules.
This work can be used in studying a vital way and state activity Mustafa Kemal Atatjurk
Test cell emission measurements of commercial aircraft engine: CFM56-7B26
No full textAirbus;Boeing;Dunmore;et al;Georgia Innovation Aerospace;Lockheed MartinAIAA AVIATION 2014 - AIAA/3AF Aircraft Noise and Emissions Reduction Symposium 2014 -- 16 June 2014 through 20 June 2014 -- Atlanta, GA -- 107461In this study, the results of a test cell emission measurement campaign for overhauled CFM56-7B26 series engines are presented. The emissions are measured for specific power settings representing the main operating modes of aircraft, during the functional and performance tests of the engines. The measured emissions are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), the observations of which are consistent and repeatable. Unlike other emission measurement campaigns, where the sample probe is conventionally located downstream of the exhaust, in this study it is installed inside the engine, immediately behind the final stage of the low pressure turbine rotor. Therefore, the results are obtained without the interference of by-pass air which may lead to significant uncertainty. The idle emissions between the beginning (cold idle) and the end (hot idle) of the engine operation reveal measurable differences leading to the conclusion that treating the same emission indices at both the taxi-in and taxi-out phases may result in inaccurate determination regarding the true impact of the aircraft emissions. It has also been found that the low power CO and HC emissions are significantly higher compared to the corresponding ICAO values, while the NOx emissions are found to be lower
- …
