1,720,973 research outputs found
Methodological bias that can reduce (or affect) the process of diagnostic construction in clinical settings
Full text linkAutism as diversity or difference? A text analysis study involving students, caregivers and education professionals in two special educational settings
Full text linkThe number of students diagnosed with autism is increasing. In Sweden, it is today possible to find both special classes and special schools dedicated to students with autism. This study explores the meaning that the diagnosis assumes in two special educational contexts. Data were collected from interviews with 23 students and questionnaires filled out by 18 education professionals and 22 caregivers. Data were analysed using the Methodology for the Analysis of Computerised Text Data (MADIT). The results are discussed in relation to a) implications for the educational agenda and b) processes that create diversity versus processes that create difference. Some of the main results suggest that participants are using the diagnosis to move towards diversity. Other results indicate that the diagnosis could create unnecessary limitations regarding what the students could become
State of the art on the main intervention methodologies in the field of emergency psychology: a systematic review
Full text linkIn recent years, emergency psychology has emerged as an interdisciplinary discipline that integrates clinical, community and intercultural approaches to managing the psychological impact of critical events. However, the rapid evolution of the field has generated methodological fragmentation, hindering the definition of a unified disciplinary identity. While international guidelines (IASC and OMS) promote an integrated approach, other models focus on PTSD prevention and practitioner training. This review analyses the main types of interventions in the literature through a systematic analysis and thematic clustering of 27 articles. The results highlight a wide range of approaches, from methodologies for the development of coping skills and social adaptation, to psychological support strategies, to clinical-diagnostic models borrowed from emergency medicine. However, the risk of reducing emergency psychology to an extension of the biomedical model, focused on the diagnosis and prevention of psychopathology, raises questions about the specificity and distinctive contribution of the discipline. The review underscores the need for a paradigm shift in emergency psychology toward more holistic, integrated, and community-centered approaches, emphasizing the importance of developing interventions that address both individual and collective resilience in crisis situations. The study’s scope was limited by its focus on English-language articles from the past decade and the use of specific keywords, potentially overlooking relevant interventions and alternative perspectives that could have emerged from a broader, multilingual search strategy. In terms of future research, this perspective suggests the need to develop methodologies and intervention protocols that go beyond clinical diagnosis and foster governance of interactions in emergency contexts, promoting effective and shared crisis management
Dialogic Process Analysis in Natural Language Processing: An Attempt to Describe the Sense of Reality and Meaning of Textdata
No full textUp until now, in the field of Natural Language Processing and Computational Text Analysis Methods (CTAM) most studies focused on logical-grammatical analysis or, more recently, on content and sentiment analysis. However, there is still limited reference to the role of the discursive process: that is, how language's use shapes the reality of sense in which we live in. But how can we gain a deep knowledge and understanding of the sense of what is conveyed by a text? In order to investigate the process of sense's reality configuration, we introduce Dialogic Process Analysis. Starting from the formalization of 24 rules of natural language's use of transversal to every idiom, called Discursive Repertories, Dialogic Process Analysis allows to describe how discursive processes unravel and to trace precisely the elements that generate each specific sense's reality, which may be different even when contents and meanings are the same. Although researchers are able to denominate the Discursive Repertories, performing such a task requires specific and complex analysis expertise: that is why the application of Machine Learning models can lighten these problems. Thus, in this work we present the Dialogic Process Analysis research programme, its experimentations and results in the definition of its own Machine Learning model for textual data analysis and its future lines of development
Pupils' inclusion as a process of narrative interactions: tackling ADHD typification through MADIT methodology
Full text linkBackground: ADHD is the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. The symptomatology makes the management of ADHD particularly demanding in school, so teachers’ training programs have been widely implemented. Nevertheless, these interventions could lead teachers to concentrate on the dysfunctional elements of these students, exposing them to the risk of stigmatisation. Conceptualising stigma and inclusion as narrative processes, the present study observed how teacher ADHD training texts, endorsed by the Italian government, impact on the inclusion process of students. Methods: The research analysed a corpus of N = 31,261 text occurrences and focused on three areas: (1) ADHD as a clinical condition; (2) the impact of ADHD characteristics in the scholastic setting; (3) interventions to manage ADHD criticalities in school settings. To observe the interactive processes fostered by the narratives under scrutiny, we used Dialogic Science and MADIT methodology, since they allow us to measure the language use modalities through an index: the Dialogical Weight (dW). The value of dW ranges between 0.1 (min) and 0.9 (max) and is linked to the potential outcomes of inclusion for students with ADHD. A low dW accounts for narratives entrenched in personal beliefs presented as absolute truths, undermining inclusion of students with ADHD. In contrast, high dW signals language interaction relying on sharable elements, able to foster social unity and diminish stigma. Results: The results yielded a critical discursive configuration, both in general and for the three distinct areas. We measured an overall Dialogical Weight of 0.4dW and, for the three areas (1) = 0.3dW; (2) = 0.3dW; (3) = 0.4dW. The analysed text does not maximise the triggering of inclusive interactions, as they rely on individual references and present one’s narrative as the sole plausible perspective: reinforcing already existing positions and exposing to the risk of stereotyping of the pupils. Conclusions: The study highlighted how the ADHD training materials analysed, focusing on a purely informational and clinical approach, lose in effectiveness with respect to generating inclusive school settings. Finally, to promote the inclusion of these pupils, elements are offered for outlining an approach based on fostering active participation by all roles involved
Clinical Questions and Psychological Change: How Can Artificial Intelligence Support Mental Health Practitioners?
Full text linkDespite their diverse assumptions, clinical psychology approaches share the goal of mental health promotion. The literature highlights their usefulness, but also some issues related to their effectiveness, such as their difficulties in monitoring psychological change. The elective strategy for activating and managing psychological change is the clinical question. But how do different types of questions foster psychological change? This work tries to answer this issue by studying therapist–patient interactions with a ML model for text analysis. The goal was to investigate how psychological change occurs thanks to different types of questions, and to see if the ML model recognized this difference in analyzing patients’ answers to therapists’ clinical questions. The experimental dataset of 14,567 texts was divided based on two different question purposes, splitting answers in two categories: those elicited by questions asking patients to start describing their clinical situation, or those from asking them to detail how they evaluate their situation and mental health condition. The hypothesis that these categories are distinguishable by the model was confirmed by the results, which corroborate the different valences of the questions. These results foreshadow the possibility to train ML and AI models to suggest clinical questions to therapists based on patients’ answers, allowing the increase of clinicians’ knowledge, techniques, and skills
From Suicide Due to an Economic-Financial Crisis to the Management of Entrepreneurial Health: Elements of a Biographical Change Management Service and Clinical Implications
Full text linkProgetto Veggiano: un approccio integrato all'ecologia umana.
No full textGia' pubblicato in: Seminario di Scienze Antropologiche, IX, 1987, pp. 37-55
Parents of Children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD): A Narrative Study of the Social and Clinical Impact of CHD Diagnosis on Their Role and Health
No full textCongenital heart diseases (CHDs) lead to psychological and social repercussions for parents of affected children: the diagnosis, screenings, surgeries, and hospitalization, as well as ongoing difficulties bring with them stress, anxiety, fear, stigmatization, and isolation. Studies investigating parents’ direct perspective on these issues lack in the field literature. Our research aims to leverage parents’ narratives in order to explore how they describe their role as parents of a child with CHD and the impact of its social and clinical repercussions on their lives. We recruited 45 parents and analyzed their narratives through the MADIT approach, focusing on the discursive modalities and content cores employed. Parents describe and judge their role as ‘worried-protective’, ‘heroic’, ‘normal-untroubled’, and ‘unfortunate’, in a way that strongly characterizes the person, leaving limited possibilities for assuming different features. The clusters ‘state of ordeal’, ‘state of alert-overprotection’, and ‘personal identity changes’ are connoted as inevitable and established component of parents’ lives, while ‘limitation of life experiences’ is less monolithic and more open to change. Current narratives assume a totalizing form in the life of these parents, that can lead to stigma and exacerbate the already present difficulties and challenges, that need targeted psychological intervention by field professionals
Implications of Involuntary Psychiatric Admission: Health, Social, and Clinical Effects on Patients
Full text linkInvoluntary psychiatric admission is an increasing, widespread practice
adopted throughout theworld; however, its legal regulation and practice are still under
debate, and it is subject to criticism from the human rights point of view. Only a
few studies have strictly focused on the outcomes and subsequent treatment implications
of this practice. To performa scoping reviewof the literature on involuntary
psychiatric admission and systematize and summarize its outcomes and implications
for adult psychiatric inpatients.
Four overarching issues emerged from the studies: a) symptomatological
repercussions, b) impacts on treatment before discharge, c) impacts on treatment
after discharge, and d) implications on patients' attitudes, behavior, and functioning.
The overall evidence suggested correlations between involuntary psychiatric admission
and several implications: length of stay, aggressive behavior, occurrence of
psychopathologies, uses of coercive measures, psychiatric service activations after
discharge, emotive reactions, and quality of life. The proposal presented here is the
major involvement of the patient and of all the other actors involved during the entire
treatment process to promote a shift from a delegation perspective to a negotiation
perspective in the management of involuntary psychiatric admission
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