2,177 research outputs found
Context-specific distractors rejection: contextual cues control long-term habituation of attentional capture by abrupt onsets
No full textThe possibility to counteract visual distraction is fundamental for an efficient interaction with the
environment, particularly when a salient but irrelevant stimulation repeatedly impinges our
visual system. Previous studies have shown that such unwanted attentional capture is subject to
habituation, a widespread form of behavioural plasticity that allows rejecting the unwanted
stimulation. Although habituation is generally considered to be a non-associative form of
learning, here we directly tested the possibility that habituation of attentional capture triggered
by a salient onset is context specific. In two experiments we showed that distractor filtering
achieved via habituation was specific for the visual context (naturalistic or geometric) in which
the distractor was presented. When the same distractor presented during the training phase
appeared in a new context in the test phase, a recovery of the previously habituated capture
was observed. By contrast, no recovery of capture was found when the background did not
change. Habituation mechanisms provide a straightforward explanation for our findings, which
show that distractor filtering is achieved by taking into account the spatial context in which the
distracting stimulus is encountered
Desensitizing the attention system to distraction while idling: A new latent learning phenomenon in the visual attention domain
No full textFor the good and the bad, the world around us is full of distraction. In particular, onset stimuli that appear abruptly in the scene grab attention, thus disrupting the ongoing task. Different cognitive mechanisms for distractor filtering have been proposed, but prevalent accounts share the idea that filtering is accomplished to shield target processing from interference. Here we provide novel evidence that challenges this view, as passive exposure to a repeating visual onset is sufficient to trigger learning-dependent mechanisms to filter the unwanted stimulation. In other words, our study shows that during passive exposure the cognitive system is capable of learning about the characteristics of the salient yet irrelevant stimulation, and to reduce the responsiveness of the attention system to it, thus significantly decreasing the impact of the distractor upon start of an active task. However, despite passive viewing efficiently attenuates the spatial capture of attention, a short-lived performance cost is found when the distractor is initially encountered within the context of the active task. This cost, which dissipates in a few trials, likely reflects the need to familiarize with the distractor, already seen during passive viewing, in the new context of the active task. Although top-down inhibitory signals can be applied to distractors for the successful completion of goal-directed behavior, our results emphasize the role of more automatic habituation mechanisms for distraction exclusion based on a neural model of the history of the irrelevant stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
"The love that made hell, paradise." Ouida re-writing the Paolo and Francesca theme in Held in Bondage
No full textThe bestselling Victorian author Ouida reveals in her novels, and, in particular, Held in Bondage, an extraordinary knowledge od Dante, by using characters and themes from the Commedia. The Paolo and Francesca theme actually constitutes part of the plot of the novel and is to be found in many of her other works, short stories and non-fiction writing
Microsaccades inhibition triggered by a repetitive visual distractor is not subject to habituation: Implications for the programming of reflexive saccades
No full textThe oculomotor capture triggered by a peripheral onset is subject to habituation, a basic form of learning consisting in a response decrement toward a repeatedly presented stimulus. However, it is unclear whether habituation of reflexive saccades takes place at the saccadic programming or execution stage (or both). To address this issue, we exploited the fact that during fixation the programming of a reflexive saccade exerts a robust but short-lasting phasic inhibition in the absolute microsaccadic frequency. Hence, if habituation of reflexive saccades occurs at the programming stage, then this should also affect the microsaccadic frequency, with a progressive reduction of the inhibitory phase. Conversely, if habituation occurs only at the later stage of saccade execution, the no change in the microsaccadic pattern is expected. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a peripheral onset distractor, and when eye movements were allowed, we replicated the oculomotor capture habituation. Crucially, however, when fixation was maintained the microsaccadic response did not change as exposure to the onset progressed, suggesting that habituation of reflexive saccades does not take place at the programming stage in the superior colliculus (SC), but at the later stage of saccade execution in the brainstem, where the competition between different saccades might be resolved. This scenario challenges one of the main assumptions of the competitive integration model for oculomotor control, which assumes that competition between exogenous and endogenous saccade programs occurs in the (SC). Our results and interpretation are instead in agreement with neurophysiological studies in non-human primates showing that saccadic adaption, another form of oculomotor plasticity, takes place downstream from the SC
HERStory Makers 2023: Francesca Fotheringham
No full textFrancesca Fotheringham is a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Edinburgh studying educational psychology with a focus on neurodiversity. She took part in HERStory Makers 2023.What is HERStory Makers?HERStory Makers is a social media competition for female-identifying early career researchers to share their research, their career journeys, and to inspire the next generation. Winners are selected by public vote. HERStory Makers is also part of EXPLORATHON, Scotland's contribution to European Researchers' Night.In 2022-23, EXPLORATHON Francescasupported by the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council [grant number EP/X020762/1].Author contributions to contentFrancesca conceived, planned, and recorded the video content. Kirsty Ross edited the video content to insert HERStory Maker credits, added subtitles, and reduce video length to below Twitter/X limit of 2 mins and 20 secs.</p
Medicina illuminata. La Biblioteca Lancisiana di Roma
No full textL'articolo presenta i codici miniati della Biblioteca Lancisiana di Roma. La prima parte, del coautore, è dedicata alla Biblioteca. La seconda parte, di F. Manzari, tratta dei manoscritti miniati, costituiti da due codici con le opere di Avicenna e dal Liber fraternitatis della Confraternita dell'Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia a Roma.The article introduces the illuminated manuscripts of the Biblioteca Lancisiana in Rome. The first part of the article, by the co-author, is dedicated to the Library. The second part, by Francesca Manzari, illustrates the manuscipts; these are two manuscripts with the works of Avicenna and the Liber fraternitatis of the Confraternity of the Hospital of Santo Spirito in Sassia in Rome
A DH-Leavened Musicological Toolbox
No full textGraduate-level training in music research methodologies tends to ignore digital humanities work and overlook the use of digital tools created in support of new forms of reading. Training instead focuses on source material in the student’s area of interest. This material includes secondary and primary (archival) resources, as well as information resources, such as: monuments of music and critical editions; indexes; bibliographies and thematic catalogs; dictionaries and encyclopedias; digital libraries of scores or editions; and databases of period-specific newspapers or journals. Graduate students taking research methods courses already have a toolbox built from their experiences as musicians and students of music, including the ability to read and interpret music notation, to understand theoretical and analytical concepts in music, as well as a command of music history, including the canon of musical works.
Digital humanities has become a major area of academic endeavor at the “interface of technological development, epistemological change and methodological concerns." An important characteristic of digital humanities research has been its interdisciplinarity. We argue that graduate training in musicology needs to include coverage of methodologies applied by digital humanists in support of new forms of reading, not only to broaden the canon of research topics in musicology, but also to build common ground with researchers of other disciplines. We propose that librarians are well positioned to provide this expertise and training
A Twitter Case Study for Assessing Digital Sound
No full textAcademic and cultural heritage institutions around the world have made measurable strides in the development of digital sound archives oriented towards research and access, but their impact on scholarship and society has been little studied. Traditionally, impact has been measured by citations; yet these are problematic metrics for non-traditional outputs like sound recordings. Social media data provide a promising avenue of investigation for measuring scholarly as well as societal impact. Twitter in particular has been shown to provide a high number of references for cultural and research outputs in all disciplines. This study analyzes Twitter references pertaining to the collections of five digital sound archives: British Library Sounds, Europeana Sounds, the Internet Archive Audio Archive, PennSound and UbuWeb. Using text analysis methods to identify high frequency events and trends, and labeling them with a rubric designed for measuring the impact of digital heritage resources, this study provides preliminary insights on user values as they relate to digital sound collections. Despite the limitations of using social media data, the evidence gathered in this case study characterizes aspects of the use of digital sound collections, and may point to future priorities for the digital preservation of sound.Peer reviewe
Against the Grain: Reading for the Challenges of Collaborative DH Pedagogy
No full textThis article provides a critical review of the past five years of literature in digital humanities pedagogy and faculty-librarian collaboration, commingled with reflections on personal practice, which extend findings from the literature. Faculty-librarian partnerships in DH pedagogy reflect a rapidly evolving area of engagement calling for expertise in teaching, subject knowledge, scholarly communication, digital technologies, and DH research methodologies. Although there is a rapidly expanding body of literature on these partnerships, the challenges of the work tend to be minimized. This article expands upon commonly encountered difficulties, and it points to potential solutions and best practices.Peer reviewe
SoundCloud
No full textCan't get a clear policy on OA from Notes. Hoping an AM is okay. I can email Notes staff, if helpful
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