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Il Messale di Gjon Buzuku: la lingua materna nella prassi liturgica albanese
No full textMeshari ‘The Missal’ (1555) is the first known printed book in Albanian. It is a translation from the Latin of the Catholic Missal, made by the ecclesiastical Gjon Buzuku. The only known copy extant is preserved in the Apostolic Library of the Vatican in Rome. It is missing the frontispiece and the first 16 pages, so the title and place of publication of the work are not known. The place the book was printed is thought to be Venice. The Meshari contains texts of prayers, rituals, catechetical texts and the liturgies of the main holidays. All we know about the author is from the book’s colophon written by Buzuku himself in Albanian. In the colophon, he explains the reasons that led him to divulge the Christian doctrine using the language of its land. The time in which The Meshari appeared was of great cultural decay for Albania, a land where frictions have been consumed between Catholicism and Orthodoxy, and where Christian and Muslim civilizations were one against the other. Buzuku offers to the people of Albanian believers to approach the Sacred scriptures through their language. Since the use of Latin was far from the understanding of Albanian people, Buzuku translated the divine Word in order to allow that it was comprehensible to the Albanian Christians
QUANDO CASO E ACCORDO SONO DISGIUNTI: SOGGETTI ACCUSATIVI E DATIVI NELL’ALBANESE E NEI DIALETTI ARBËRESHË
No full textAlbanian and Arbëresh dialects have a number of subordinate subjunctive clauses in which the subordinate subject can appear both pre- and post-verbally and it alternates between the morphologically unmarked nominative case and the marked dative or accusative case. The contexts in which the subject emerges with dative and accusative case admit the phenomenon of Clitic climbing, the raising of a clitic from a subordinate clause to a matrix one. These facts seem to suggest that the subjunctive is [-Tense], i.e. it has not independent temporal reference and therefore: a) its subject does not rise in the specifier of the TP projection but remains in situ, within the vP, surfacing in the final position of the entire structure (and in cases in which it appears in preverbal position it is because it is in a raised Topic position);
b ) the subjunctive, as an infinitival with a reduced structure, can form a kind of clause-union when it is embedded under certain particular functional verbs.
The data show that the assertion made in Chomsky (2001 , 2005) according to which the agreement between T and the subject is also involved in nominative case assignment to the subject of the clause should be reviewed because, despite the agreement between the subjunctive and the logical subject is always morphologically visible, the case is not always the expected one. Therefore in subjunctive structures, agreement and case must be separated since they are two unrelated phenomena
PËRKTHIMI NDËRGJUHËSOR DHE AI NDËRKULTUROR. PROBLEMI I MARRËDHËNIES ME ALTERITETIN: RASTI I ROMANIT PRILLI I THYER I ISMAIL KADARESË
No full textIn this paper, I focus on some issues related to the translation of Ismail Kadare's novel Broken april from Albanian into French and Italian. I analyse the different solutions implemented by Italian and French translators in order to render those words and expressions that represent specific values in Albanian culture; words and expressions that refer to customs and traditions which can be easily understood in Albanian language but are unfamiliar to an Italian or French reader. Despite the high degree of complexity of the problems coming during the translation process, due to the restrictions imposed by the new linguistic and cultural context, this does not prevent translators from recreating the atmosphere of the Albanian novel without losing the essence of the original work. Italian and French translations evoke the same emotional response and the same feelings as the original, proving that translation of a work always allows us to overcome language barriers, even if this raises theoretical and practical problems
Roli i shkencave albanologjike për njohjen e shqipes dhe të Shqipërisë në Itali
Full text linkIn this article, the author reconstructs the history of the Albanological studies that have marked the spread of knowledge of the Albanian language and Albania in Italy. Albanian studies in Italy date from the beginning of the XVIII century. Language, literature, culture, geography and history of Albania have taken place and have appeared in various fields of study. In the field of linguistics, Italian and Arbëresh scholars specifically focused on Albanian etymology, historical phonetics, philology, lexicography, morphosyntax, dialectology; on the issue of the origin of the Albanian language; in determining its place within the Indo-European languages; in its relations with other languages of the Balkans. They approached Albanian with the methods of descriptive grammar and those of generative linguistics. They drafted dictionaries and grammars.
In addition to linguistics, studies were made in the field of literature, dedicated to the Renaissance period; to the popular and religious literature; the indipendence and post-war literature; the modern and contemporary Albanian literature.
Another field in which Albanian studies, in Italy, has become object of study is documentary literature that sheds light on history, geography, culture, ethnography, politics and socio-economic situation of Albania. All these works offer a complete image of Albanian world
Kontributi i studiuesve gjermane per dialektologjine arbereshe
No full textI primi contributi degli studiosi tedeschi alla dialettologia arbëreshe risalgono alla seconda metà del 19° secolo e vengono dalla scuola austriaca di Vienna, dove, studiosi come Gustav Meyer, Maximilian Lambertz, per primi, e più tardi Norbert Jokl ed Eqrem Çabej si sono occupati dei dialetti albanesi parlati fuori dell’Albania, lasciandoci le prime descrizioni di natura lessicale. \ud
Descrizioni più approfondite della struttura grammaticale dell’arbëresh vengono da studiosi tedeschi quali Rupprecht Rohr, dell’Università di Berlino e Martin Camaj dell’Università di Monaco. \ud
L’interesse per gli studi arbëreshë nei paesi di lingua tedesca è testimoniato in anni più recenti dagli studi di Gabriele Birken-Silverman, allieva di Rohr, dagli studi di Walter Breu ed Elvira Glaser, allievi di Martin Camaj. Questi si sono occupati soprattutto del contatto linguistico italiano-arbëresh, di interferenza, bilinguismo, variazione linguistica, dinamiche sociolinguistiche. \ud
A tutt’oggi sono pochi gli studi nel campo della sintassi
Kontributi i studiuesve italianë për morfosintaksën e gjiuhës shqipe
No full textIl lavoro richiama gli studi italiani dedicati alla morfosintassi della lingua albanese. Distingue tre diverse linee di indagine: i lavori che hanno evidenziato il carattere indoeuropeo dell'albanese; i lavori che hanno messo in evidenza il carattere balcanico della lingua albanese e, per finire, i lavori focalizzati su aspetti particolari e specifici della morfosintassi dell'albanese, condotti nel quadro teorico della grammatica generativa
Locativi, esistenziali e possessivi nella lingua albanese
No full textOggetto di questo lavoro sono le strutture locative e quelle esistenziali della lingua albanese che non sono mai state oggetto di studi specifici e approfonditi, né con metodi linguistici recenti né nell’ambito della grammatica tradizionale. Freeze, negli anni ’90, ha proposto una struttura basica comune ad entrambe le costruzioni, formate da due costituenti: un sintagma preposizionale di tipo locativo ed un tema, per lo più al caso nominativo. L’interpretazione locativa o esistenziale deriverebbe dalla maniera in cui i due argomenti si dispongono all’interno di ogni singola struttura: laddove troviamo un locativo in posizione di soggetto, la struttura diventa esistenziale, mentre quando in posizione di soggetto troviamo il tema, la struttura diventa locativa. La comparazione fra locative ed esistenziali, nella lingua albanese, mostra quel che Freeze pone alla base della derivazione: la posizione inversa dei due costituenti, tema e locativo. Ma in albanese, al di là della posizione dei due costituenti, anche l’alternanza degli ausiliari Jam ‘essere’ vs Kam ‘avere’ è rilevante per l’interpretazione della frase
Declinare l'identità albanese tra categorie universali e categorie etiche
Full text linkIn this paper we will consider social and cultural markers that have traced the identity boundaries of Albanian nation. We will focus on two different types of identity markers: universal categories, such as ethnicity, language and religion, and ethical categories such as personal and family honor, respect, hospitality, courage, right conduct. In a different way, they all contributed to declining the identity of the people and legitimizing the formation of the state
Stative vs. Eventive Participles in an Arbëresh Variety under the Influence of the Italian Language
Full text linkIn this paper, I explore the properties and the uses of the past participles in the Arbëresh variety of S. Nicola dell’Alto, an Albanian dialect still spoken in Southern Italy, which has been in contact with Italo-Romance varieties for more than five centuries. The data are discussed in comparison to standard Albanian and the contact language, Italian. In Albanian grammar, there is only one type of participle: the past participle. It has both verbal and adjectival properties. As a verbal form, the participle is used in compound and in periphrastic tenses, in combination with both the auxiliaries KAM ‘have’ and JAM ‘be’. It can also be used in combination with other particles to create non-finite verbal forms such as gerund or infinitive or to build up temporal expressions. Finally, it can also be used after some modal impersonal verbs. Verbal participles never show agreement. Albanian participles can also be adjectival. All the adjectives derived by a participial verb take a linking article and always agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, Case and defi-niteness. The formal distinction of the verbal participles from adjectival participles seems to cor-relate with the aspectual properties of the construction: a verbal participle appears in eventive structures, whereas an adjectival participle occurs in stative structures. But, as we shall see, this is not always the case. Arbëresh participles have maintained the same morphological and syntactical properties of Albanian. They can be used both in stative and in eventive contexts, but in Arbëresh eventive passives, which are built up as in Italian rather than as in Albanian, the adjectival parti-ciples are always inflected. Agreement is obligatory in all the contexts where it is in Italian. This is a clear contact-induced change. The data presented in this paper show that Arbëresh, on the one hand, preserves features of Albanian grammar, whereas, on the other hand, it has undergone changes under the influence of the surrounding Italo-Romance varieties
Profumi d’Albania: scie evanescenti sospese tra Occidente ed Oriente
No full textSi tratta di un breve viaggio tra le pagine della letteratura albanese, dai racconti e dai romanzi del primo Novecento a quelli contemporanei, per osservare come la scrittura evoca, attraverso la voce delle parole, i profumi e gli odori dell’Albania e tentare di mostrare come questi servono alla percezione dell’identità o, al contrario, dell’alterità
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