169,754 research outputs found
Caratteristiche termiche dinamiche delle pareti - Ottimizzazione delle pareti multistrato (Capitolo 2 - Parte 3 - Volume 5)
No full textIl comfort termico di un edificio dipende non solo dalle strutture di involucro (facciate e coperture) ma anche dalle strutture interne (tramezzi e solai), ciò risulta particolarmente evidente quando si vuole studiare il problema del comportamento passivo dell’edificio, e cioè come risponde l’edificio a variazioni della temperatura esterna in assenza di un impianto di climatizzazione. È questo un problema particolarmente importante, si osservi infatti che un edificio, ben progettato dal punto di vista termico in modo da presentare un ottimo comportamento passivo, può garantire, nella stagione estiva, un accettabile livello di comfort anche in assenza di un impianto di climatizzazione o al più con interventi limitati dell’impianto, con ovvi risparmi energetici
Facciate e coperture ventilate (Parte 4 - Volume 5)
No full textPer parete ventilata si intende, generalmente, una parete costituita da due paramenti con interposta una intercapedine in cui è fatta fluire l’aria. Le pareti ventilate sono state inizialmente studiate e realizzate essenzialmente per il drenaggio dell’umidità dagli strati in muratura che le delimitano. Successivamente facciate e coperture ventilate hanno trovato utile impiego nella stagione estiva per ridurre il carico termico dovuto all’insolazione. Attualmente tali sistemi costruttivi caratterizzano, sia per gli aspetti di risparmio energetico sia per gli aspetti estetico-formali, numerosi edifici rappresentativi dell’architettura contemporanea
Kangaroo mother care: four years of experience in very low birth weight and preterm infants.
No full textAbstract
AIM: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a method of providing care for preterm infants through skin-to-skin contact with the mother and, preferably, exclusive breastfeeding. The growing interest in KMC at the Neonatology Unit of Pisa has provided the occasion for a retrospective analysis of the last four years, comparing the clinical effects of the kangaroo method vs. those obtained with conventional care (CNC) with respect to indicators of the general health of the infants (indices of growth, and duration of breastfeeding and hospitalization).
METHODS: A total of 213 infants, aged <37 gestational weeks and weighing ≤1500 g were enrolled for the study; these were divided into two groups for the purpose of comparison (91 in KMC vs. 71 in CNC).
RESULTS: The indices of growth and the duration of the infants in hospital were not significantly different in the two groups. Nevertheless, it is worth noting how KMC is more efficacious in the very tiny VLBW infants, and that the means of the growth parameters in the KMC infants are greater than those referring to the CNC subjects, body temperatures taken at the beginning and end of a KMC session are higher, and that the mother-child relationship facilitates better sucking-feeding.
CONCLUSION: While KMC is equivalent to CNC in terms of safety, thermal protection, morbidity and auxologic development, it appears to promote humanisation of infant care and mother-child bond more quickly
Ventilated walls and energy saving in summer cooling of buildings
No full textIn this paper a simple analytical method for design applications, able to provide all the useful criteria for choosing the most suitable ventilated wall, is discussed. As an example two peculiar cases of remarkable importance are investigated: the first in which the inner face is given, and the air duct and the outer face have to be optimized; the second in which, on the contrary, the outer face is given, and the inner face and the air duct have to be optimized. The first case can occur in building recovery interventions, while the second case can occur during the design process. Finally the influence of the variation of some quantities necessary for calculation, such as the heat transfer coefficient of the wall’s outer surface and the relative roughness of the slabs delimiting the air duct, on the energy performance of ventilated walls, is investigated
Facciate e coperture ventilate: sviluppi analitici (Appendice B -Volume 5 - Collana ANIT)
No full text
Early-onset sepsis risk calculator: a review of its effectiveness and comparative study with our evidence-based local guidelines
No full textBackground: According to most early-onset sepsis (EOS) management guidelines, approximately 10% of the total
neonatal population are exposed to antibiotics in the first postnatal days with subsequent increase of neonatal and
pediatric comorbidities. A review of literature demonstrates the effectiveness of EOS calculator in reducing
antibiotic overtreatment and NICU admission among neonates ≥34 weeks’ gestational age (GA); however, some
missed cases of culture-positive EOS have also been described.
Methods: Single-center retrospective study from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018 conducted in the
Division of Neonatology at Santa Chiara Hospital (Pisa, Italy). Neonates ≥34 weeks’ GA with birth weight ≤ 1500 g,
34–36 weeks’ GA neonates with suspected intraamniotic infection and neonates ≥34 weeks’ GA with three clinical
signs of EOS or two signs and one risk factor for EOS receive empirical antibiotics. Neonates ≥34 weeks’ GA with
risk factors for EOS or with one clinical indicator of EOS undergo serial measurements of C-reactive protein and
procalcitonin in the first 48–72 h of life; they receive empirical antibiotics in case of abnormalities at blood exams
with one or more clinical signs of EOS. Two hundred sixty-five patients at risk for EOS met inclusion criteria; they
were divided into 3 study groups: 34–36 weeks’ GA newborns (n = 95, group A), ≥ 37 weeks’ GA newborns (n =
170, group B), and ≥ 34 weeks’ GA newborns (n = 265, group A + B). For each group, we compared the number of
patients for which antibiotics would have been needed, based on EOS calculator, and the number of the same
patients we treated with antibiotics during the study period. Comparisons between the groups were performed
using McNemar’s test and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05; post-hoc power analysis was carried out to
evaluate the sample sizes.
Results: 32/265 (12.1%) neonates ≥34 weeks’ GA received antibiotics within the first 12 h of life. According to EOS
calculator 55/265 (20.7%) patients would have received antibiotics with EOS incidence 2/1000 live births (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Our evidence-based protocol entails a further decrease of antibiotic overtreatment compared to EOS
calculator. No negative consequences for patients were observed
Erythema multiforme as first sign of incomplete Kawasaki disease
No full textABSTRACT: Incomplete Kawasaki disease represents a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians. In the absence of classical presentation, the laboratoristic evaluation of systemic inflammation can help in placing the correct diagnosis to promptly start adequate therapy. Erythema multiforme is an acute, self-limiting condition considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction commonly associated with various infections or medications. This aspecific skin condition has been rarely described as a sign of Kawasaki disease. We report on the case of a 4 years old boy presenting high-grade fever associated with erythema multiforme and evidence of systemic inflammation who showed a good response to prompt treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins
- …
