440 research outputs found
Heterogeneity in behavioural response to pricing policies in the transition from motorcycles to private cars in motorcycle-based societies
No full textPricing instruments are widely seen as an effective tool for reducing the travel demand for private vehicles. In contrast to developed countries, the design of pricing policies in certain developing countries is more challenging, owing to the mixed use of private cars and motorcycles. This study argues for the existence of a transitional group of motorcycle users who will switch to being car users. An investigation of the behavioural responses to a pricing policy from private car users and motorcycle users is implemented in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A propensity score-matching technique is used to identify the transitional group. The results regarding the mode choice models for various pricing policies show similar responses between the transitional motorcycle users and car users. Such characteristics of the transitional group imply that ignorance of travellers' heterogeneity may cause significant bias, especially when modelling pricing policies.This research was financed by the Special Research Fund of Hasselt University.
Financial support in data collection: Ho Chi Minh City Institute for Development Studies (HIDS)
Author contribution: The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: study concept and design: Hoang Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hoang Tung, Vu Anh Tuan, Muhammad Adnan, and Tom Bellemans; data preparation, analysis, and interpretation of results: Hoang Thuy Linh; draft manuscript preparation: Hoang Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hoang Tung, and Muhammad Adnan. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript
Application of Ordinary Kriging and Regression Kriging Method for Soil Properties Mapping in Hilly Region of Central Vietnam
No full textSoil property maps are essential resources for agricultural land use. However, soil properties mapping is costly and time-consuming, especially in the regions with complicated topographic conditions. This study was conducted in a hilly region of Central Vietnam with the following objectives: (i) to evaluate the best environmental variables to estimate soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and soil reaction (pH) with a regression kriging (RK) model, and (ii) to compare the accuracy of the ordinary kriging (OK) and RK methods. SOC, TN, and soil pH data were measured at 155 locations within the research area with a sampling grid of 2 km × 2 km for a soil layer from 0 to 30 cm depth. From these samples, 117 were used for interpolation, and the 38 randomly remaining samples were used for evaluating accuracy. The chosen environmental variables are land use type (LUT), topographic wetness index (TWI), and transformed soil adjusted vegetation index (TSAVI). The results indicate that the LUT variable is more effective than TWI and TSAVI for determining TN and pH when using the RK method, with a variance of 7.00% and 18.40%, respectively. In contrast, a combination of the LUT and TWI variables is the best for SOC mapping with the RK method, with a variance of 14.98%. The OK method seemed more accurate than the RK method for SOC mapping by 3.33% and for TN mapping by 10% but the RK method was found more precise than the OK method for soil pH mapping by 1.81%. Further selection of auxiliary variables and higher sampling density should be considered to improve the accuracy of the RK method
Eumenes congnatus Nguyen, sp. nov.
No full textEumenes congnatus Nguyen, sp. nov. (Figs 7–12) Material examined. Holotype, ♀, “ VIETNAM, Tuyen Quang, Bac Vang Ranger Station, Na Hang Natural Reserve, Na Hang, 22 ° 20 ' 52.6 "N 105 ° 25 ' 49 "E, 10.VI. 2015, LTP Nguyen, DD nguyen & LX Truong [IEBR]. Paratypes: VIETNAM: Ha Giang: 1 ♂, Tung Ba, Vi Xuyen, 3.vii. 2013, TV Nguyen; Bac Kan: 1 ♀, Lang San, Na Ri, 21 0 15 ’N, 106 0 06’E, 270 m, 3-4.viii. 2012, J Kojima, H Nugroho & IED-c; Thai Nguyen: 1 ♂, Xom O, Yen Lac, Phu Luong, 2.vi. 2014, LTP Nguyen; Son La: Lang Son: 1 ♀, Cai Kinh, xi. 2015, LTP Nguyen, DD Nguyen & NT Tran; Son La: 1 ♀, Nam Pam, Muong La, 660 m, 25.vii. 2009, LTP Nguyen, PH Pham & J Kojima; Vinh Phuc: 1 ♂, Tam Dao NP, 21 0 26 ’N, 105 0 37 ’E, 400 m, 20.viii. 2005, J Kojima; Ha Noi: 1 ♂, Suoi Mo, Yen Bai, Ba Vi, 01.vi. 2001, LTP Nguyen Hai Duong: 1 ♀, Hoang Hoa Tham, Chi Linh, 19.viii. 2012, O.T. Nguyen [IEBR]; Lang Son: 3 ♂, Cai Kinh, Huu Lung, 22 ° 39 ' 42.9 "N, 106 ° 15 ' 36 "E, 28 m, 24.xi. 2015, LTP Nguyen, DD Nguyen, NT Tran; Thanh Hoa: 1 ♂, Xuan Lien NR, Hon Can, Van Xuan, Thuong Xuan, 19052 ’ 27.5 ”N, 105014 ’ 20.8 ”E, 106 m, LTP Nguyen; Nguyen; Nghe An: 1 ♀, Pu Mat NP, 26.vii. 2004, LTP Nguyen [VNMN]. Description. Female. Body length 11–12 mm (holotype 11.5 mm); fore wing length 10–11 mm (holotype 10.5 mm). Structure as in Eumenes longus sp. nov., but differs as follows. Head in frontal view slightly wider than high (Fig. 7). Distance between inner eye margins (frontal view) at vertex twice more than at clypeus. Clypeus nearly 1.8 × as highas wide (Fig. 7). Metasomal segment 1 in dorsal view gradually widened from base to apex (Fig. 9), tergum and sternum fused, suture between them distinct almost throughout basal part. T 2 in lateral view as long as wide (Fig. 8). Body with slightly less coarse punctures than in E. longus. Color. Black, with following parts yellow: narrow band along inner eye margin extending from bottom to near ocular sinus, spot between antennal sockets, short line at vertex behind eye, short line at basal margin of dorsal pronotum, apical part of parategula and apical margin of T 1. Legs black. Propodeal valvulae dark brown. Wings dark brown, strongly infuscate, veins dark brown. Male. Body length 10–11 mm; fore wing length 9–10 mm. Structure as in female and male of E. longus but clypeus proportionally longer, in frontal view 2.3 × as long as wide, with sharper teeth (Fig. 10). F 11 propotionaly shorter than in E. longus (Fig. 11). Color as in female. Distribution. Northern Vietnam: Tuyen Quang, Ha Giang, Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen, Son La, Vinh Phuc, Ha Noi, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An. Etymology. The specific name refers to the similarity with its congener E. longus. Remarks. This species is similar to E. longus, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having T 1 gradually widened from base to apex (gradually widened basally and then parallel in E. longus), T 2 in lateral view as long as wide (1.1 × as long as wide in E. longus), and male clypeus with sharper teeth. This species can be distinguished from two Papuan species by having clypeus nearly 1.8 × as high as wide (less than 1.3 × as high as wide in two Papuan species).Published as part of Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, 2016, Two new species of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae) from Vietnam, pp. 583-588 in Zootaxa 4093 (4) on pages 585-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4093.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/27097
Modeling and Structuring of Activity Scheduling Choices with Consideration of Intrazonal Tours: A Case Study of Motorcycle-Based Cities
No full textThe travel demand prediction of an activity-based travel demand model (ABM) is based on a hierarchical structure of multiple choices related to an individual’s activity scheduling. This structure has, however, not been investigated for motorcycle-based cities. The coarseness of the traffic analysis zoning system combined with mixed land use results in a large proportion of intrazonal trips, which demands model enhancement in ABMs for these cities. Using large-scale household travel survey data from Ho Chi Minh City, a major motorcycle-based city in Vietnam, this study investigated the hierarchical structure for non-work activity scheduling, with consideration of three dimensions: (1) activity starting time, (2) travel mode, and (3) destination choices at the tour level with attention given to the impacts of intrazonal tours. Multinomial logit and nested logit models were adopted for model development. Results showed that work durations in the schedule strongly affected the scheduling of non-work activities. The estimated logsum parameters showed empirical evidence that hierarchy could be different for different activity types. Our findings also suggested a significant impact of intrazonal tours on the structuring and modeling of activity scheduling choices. The validation result indicated that our proposed models’ predictive capability is acceptable
Drawida delicata Gates 1962
No full textDrawida delicata Gates, 1962 Drawida delicata Gates, 1962a: 319; Gates 1972: 249; Thai 1983: 121; Tran 1985: 58; Do 1994: 116; Nguyen 1994: 75; Le 1995a: 76; Pham 1995c: 108; Thai 2000a: 311; Huynh 2005a: 149; Huynh 2005b: 20; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 185; Blakemore 2008b; Tran & Tran 2010: 8; Pham 2010: 65. Type locality. Myanmar (Mergui). Type material. Unknown. Records from Vietnam. Dien Bien (Dien Bien Phu); Son La (Moc Chau); Bac Giang (Luc Ngan; Tan Yen); Vinh Phuc (Me Linh); Hanoi; Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); Quang Binh (Dong Hoi); Thua Thien Hue (A Luoi); Da Nang (Son Tra; Hai Van; Ba Na NP); Quang Nam (Dien Ban; Phuoc Son); Gia Lai (Pleiku; Buon Luoi; An Khe); Dak Lak (Buon Me Thuot); Dak Nong (Ta Dung Mts); Binh Dinh (Tran 1985; Do 1994; Nguyen 1994: Le 1995a; Pham 1995c, 2010; Huynh 2005a, b; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Tran & Tran 2010). Distribution. Vietnam (Thai 1983), Myanmar (Gates 1972). Vietnamese name. Giun drawid tinh tế.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25650
Amynthas polychaetiferus
No full textAmynthas polychaetiferus (Thai, 1984) Pheretima polychaetifera Thai, 1984: 1317, fig. 2 A; Nakamura 1999: 53; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh 2005a: 96; Nguyen 2013: 54. Pheretima sp. — Thai et al., 2007: 313. Pheretima sp.1 — Nguyen T.T. & Tran, 2008: 61; Nguyen et al. 2010: 114; Nguyen & Huynh 2011: 1018. Amynthas polychaetiferus— Blakemore et al. 2007: 29. Pheretima paraalexandri Nguyen, 2011a: 153, Figs 2, 4, syn. nov. Type locality. Viet Nam (Long An: Tan An City). Type material. ZMUM (W.210), Russia. Examined material. 6 C (CTU-EW.008.06) Quoi An, Vung Liem Distr., Vinh Long Prov., 19/10/2008, coll. Nguyen Thi Nhi; 17 C and 4 A (CTU-EW.008.04) Xuan Thinh, Trang Bom Distr., Dong Nai Prov., 16/10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan; 2 C (SORC-V.083.01) near ricefield, Duc Binh, Tanh Linh Distr., Binh Thuan Prov., 4/4/1995, coll. Huynh Thi Kim Hoi. Records from Vietnam. Dong Nai (Trang Bom); Binh Thuan (Duc Binh); Hau Giang (Phung Hiep); Long An (Thanh Hoa; Tan Thanh, Tan An City); Ben Tre (Binh Đai; Thanh Phu; Cho Lach); Vinh Long (Binh Minh; Mang Thit; Vung Liem; Long Ho); Tien Giang (Chau Thanh; Cai Lay; Cai Be; My Tho city); Can Tho (Cai Rang; Binh Thuy; Co Do; Phong Dien; Thoi Lai); Soc Trang (Ke Sach) (Thai 1984; Huynh 2005; Thai et al. 2007; Nguyen T.T. & Tran 2008; Nguyen et al. 2010; Nguyen & Huynh 2011; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010; Nguyen 2011a). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Remarks. Material was re-examined and absence of male copulatory pouches and hence placement of the species in Amynthas is confirmed here.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25650
Glyphidrilus papillatus Rosa 1890
No full text<i>Glyphidrilus papillatus</i> (Rosa, 1890) <p> <i>Bilimba papillata</i> Rosa, 1890a: 386, plate 12, fig. 1; Beddard 1895a: 687</p> <p> <i>Glyphidrilus papillatus—</i> Michaelsen 1900: 459; Chen 1938: 426; Gates 1972: 236; Thai 1983: 121; Tran 1985: 62; Do 1994: 115; Nguyen 1994: 72; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh & Nguyen 2004b: 70; Huynh 2005a: 147; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 185; Blakemore 2008b; Tran & Tran 2010: 8; Chanabun <i>et al.</i> 2013: 17; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123; Nguyen & Huynh 2011: 1018; Nguyen <i>et al.</i> 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 97; Nguyen 2014: 113.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Myanmar (Cobapo).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Genoa Museum (44025), Italy.</p> <p> <b>Examined material.</b> 5 C, 15 A (<b>CTU-EW.030.01</b>) Au Isl., Cai Rang, Can Tho, 13/9/2011, coll. Nguyen Thanh Tung.</p> <p> <b>Records from Vietnam.</b> Widely distributed in the Red River Delta, and <b>Bac Giang</b> (Hiep Hoa; Luc Ngan); <b>Hoa Binh</b> (Mai Chau); <b>Quang Tri</b> (Gio Linh; Quang Tri); <b>Binh Dinh</b> (Quy Nhon); <b>Dak Lak</b> (Buon Don); <b>Khanh Hoa</b> (Van Ninh); <b>Binh Thuan</b> (Tanh Linh); <b>Tien Giang</b> (Tan Hoa Dong; Cai Lay); <b>Tra Vinh</b> (Duyen Hai); <b>Ca Mau</b> (Ca Mau City); <b>Can Tho</b> (Cai Rang); <b>An Giang</b> (Tinh Bien; Tri Ton) (Tran 1985; Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Huynh & Nguyen 2004b; Huynh 2005a; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Tran & Tran 2010; Nguyen 2014).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Myanmar (Gates 1972; Chanabun <i>et al.</i> 2013).</p> <p> <b>Vietnamese name.</b> Giun khảm nhú.</p> <p> <b>Remark.</b> The species is common in rice fields in the Red River and can also be found near streams in northwestern Vietnam (Do 1994).</p>Published as part of <i>Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1)</i> on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/256507">http://zenodo.org/record/256507</a>
Amynthas zenkevichi
No full textAmynthas zenkevichi (Thai, 1982) Pheretima zenkevichi Thai, 1982: 823, fig. 2B; Tran 1985: 51; Le 1995a: 46; Nakamura 1999: 58; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 116; Tran & Ngo 2008: 133; Tran & Tran 2010: 8. Pheretima (Amynthas) zenkevichi— Thai 1983: 125. Amynthas zenkevichi— Blakemore 2007a: 108; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Hanoi: Soc Son) (Thai 1984). Type material. ZMUM (W.221), Russia. Examined material. 6 C and 3 A (SORC-V.100.03) Thai Son, Tan Thai, Dai Tu, Thai Nguyen, 2/5/1986. Records from Vietnam. Phu Tho (Phu Tho); Vinh Phuc (Me Linh); Bac Giang (Luc Ngan; Tan Yen; Pho Thang; Khe Ro NR); Cao Bang (Thach An); Quang Ninh (Mong Cai; Hon Gai); Hanoi (Soc Son; Ba Vi NP); Thai Binh (Thai 1982; Tran 1985; Le 1995a; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Tran & Ngo 2008; Tran & Tran 2010). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun zenkevich. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ". Material was re-examined and absence of male copulatory pouches and hence placement of the species in Amynthas is confirmed here.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25650
Amynthas arrobustus
No full textAmynthas arrobustus (Thai, 1984) Pheretima arrobusta Thai, 1984c: 1327, fig. 4B; Le 1995a: 58; Do 1994: 57; Nakamura 1999: 29; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 115; Huynh 2005b: 20; Huynh et al. 2005: 180; Tran & Ngo 2008: 133. Pheretima (Amynthas) arrobusta— Thai 1983: 124. Amynthas arrobustus— Blakemore 2007a: 9; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Hanoi). Type material. ZMUM ( W.212), Russia. Records from Vietnam. Vinh Phuc (Me Linh); Thai Nguyen (Dinh Hoa); Hanoi; Son La; Lai Chau (Phong Tho: Khuoi Leng); Phu Tho (Xuan Son NP); Bac Giang (Khe Ro NR); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP); Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP) (Thai 1984c; Do 1994; Le 1995a; Huynh 2005b; Huynh et al. 2005; Tran & Ngo 2008). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun cận robustus. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ", but no further examination was made to confirm its taxonomic status.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25650
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