1,720,978 research outputs found
Blood supply to the intracavernous cranial nerves: comparison of the endoscopic and microsurgical perspectives
No full textEndoscopic assistance in the epidural subtemporal approach and Kawase approach: Anatomic study
No full textSymmetrical anatomical variation of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle
Full text linkThe digastric muscle is an important surgical landmark. Several anatomical varia- tions of the digastric muscle are reported in literature and the presence of accessory anterior bellies of the muscle are not uncommon (1,2). We reported a symmetrical variation of the digastric muscle that was found during a dissection of the suprahy- oid region. The dissection showed digastric muscles with an accessory anterior belly, which originated from the anterior belly of muscles in proximity and anterior to the intermediate tendon. The accessory bellies of both sides were fused together on the midline and were attached with a unique tendon to the inner surface of the mental symphysis, filling the submental triangle completely. This unreported anatomical var- iation could be considered an additional contribute in the description of the varia- tions of the digastric muscle, with several implications in head and neck pathology, diagnosis and surgery
Combined transnasal transcervical robotic dissection of posterior skull base: feasibility in a cadaveric model
No full textThe current surgical trend is to expand the variety of minimally invasive approaches and, in particular, the possible application of robotic surgery in head and neck surgery. For this purpose, we explored the feasibility of a combined transcervical-transnasal approach to the posterior skull base, using the da Vinci Surgical System in 3 cadaver heads. Superb visualization of the sellar, suprasellar and clival regions was possible in all three specimens. The trocars' placement through a transcervical port made a more cephalad visualization possible, eliminating the need to split the palate. The advantages of robotic surgery applied to the posterior cranial fossa are similar to the ones already clinically experienced in other districts (oropharynx, tongue base), in terms of tremor-free, bimanual, precise dissection. The implementation of instruments for bony work will definitely increase the applicability of such a system in the forthcoming years
Multiple anatomical variations of the renal vessels associated with malrotated and unrotated kidneys: a case report
No full textVariations in the number of renal vessels represent the most common anatomical variations in renal vasculature. Here, a rare case of multiple anatomical variations of renal vessels was found in a 70-year-old female cadaveric dissection. Three renal arteries and two renal veins were observed to supply the right kidney, which was malrotated and ectopic; on the left side, the kidney was unrotated and presented two renal arteries and normal renal vein. In particular, we paid attention to the pattern of the three renal arteries that originated from the lateral side of the aorta and passed anteriorly to the inferior vena cava. A rare case of ovarian vein that drained into the right renal vein was also reported. The descriptions of these multiple anatomical variations should be considered by clinicians for performing correct surgical and radiological procedures
Microscopic and endoscopic extracranial approaches to the cavernous sinus: anatomic study
No full textAnatomical landmarks for transoral robotic tongue base surgery: Comparison between endoscopic, external and radiological perspectives
No full textPurpose: To describe the transoral viewpoint of the tongue base anatomy, focusing on a superior to inferior perspective, which is less familiar to the head and neck surgeon but, at the same time, worthy to be known given the expanding interest and diffusion of the transoral robotic technique. Methods: Seven heads were dissected, two with the Da Vinci® robotic system, three by means of a transoral endoscopic approach and another two by means of a lateral "traditional" external approach. Ten normal patients, with normal oral cavity and oropharynx, were studied as control samples by means of a 3-T MRI scanner. Results: Major neurovascular elements are placed laterally and deeply within the tongue base. Dissection within intrinsic and genioglossus muscles is safe because the main trunk of the lingual artery lies on the lateral surface of genioglossus muscle, covered by the hyoglossus muscle. The hypoglossal nerve, with its comitant vein, is more lateral, lying on the external surface of the hyoglossus muscle. Radiological evaluation can visualize important details of this complex anatomy. The position of the vessels can be directly identified, whereas major nerves are more difficult to be visualized unless they are surrounded by fibro-fatty tissue. Conclusions: A medial to lateral dissection of the tongue base can be considered safe. A strict collaboration with the radiologist is helpful in approaching these cases by means of a robotic technique and in improving a true 3D understanding of this complex anatomy. © 2012 Springer-Verlag
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