1,721,017 research outputs found
The skin neurotrophic network in health and disease
No full textNeurotrophins (NTs) belong to a family of structurally and functionally related proteins that, depending on the tissue context and the receptors involved, promote neuronal cell survival and differentiation or cell death. NTs also exert important functions in other organs besides the nervous system, including the skin. The presence in the skin of diverse cell types which are able to secrete and/or to respond to stimulation by NTs creates a unique network of molecular signaling in the cutaneous microenvironment. This review summarizes currently available data on the expression and function of NTs and their receptors in several cell types in the skin (namely, keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts). The role of the skin NT network in the development and maintenance of some relevant skin diseases is presented and the potential implications for therapeutic intervention are discussed
p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR) is up-regulated by chemotherapy and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells
No full textEffect of storage conditions and time on the polyphenol content of wheat flours
Full text linkWhole wheat flour possesses many nutritional properties because of its abundant bioactive components which are affected by cultivar, but little attention is paid to its relationship with storage conditions. In this study, phenolic extracts of whole wheat flour from four cultivars stored under different conditions (aerated and under vacuum) and different times (0, 2, 4, 8 weeks) were obtained. The total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, composition of phenolic acids, and antioxidant activities (AA) of phenolic extracts were evaluated. The results showed that Verna exhibited the highest levels of TPC, TFC, and AA for both storage conditions among the four cultivars. Moisture content, TFC, and AA fluctuated during storage. After 8 weeks, the TPC, TFC, and AA decreased with respect to Week 0 in all the cultivars. The TPC losses ranged between 16.39% and 20.88% and TFC losses from 14.08% to 31.18%. The AA losses were approximately 30% from the DPPH assay, but no significant losses were shown in the FRAP assay. However, these parameters were not distinctive between the two storage conditions. The wheat phenolic acid profiles were influenced more by storage time than storage conditions in all cultivars. Overall, the results validate the effect of the storage time on wheat polyphenol
Anoikis is triggered by the association between beta 1B integrin and caspase-8 in human keratinocytes
No full textNeurotrophins in healthy and diseased skin
No full textNeurotrophins (NT) belong to a family of structurally andfunctionally related proteins that, depending on the tissuecontext and the receptors involved, promote either neuronalcell survival and differentiation or cell death. NT, and inparticular NGF, were first identified as neurotrophic factorssupporting the synthesis and development of sensory neuronsin the central and peripheral nervous system. it is now widelyaccepted that NT also act as growth factors in non-neuronalcells, including the skin. in the skin, most cell types are ableto secrete and/or to respond to stimulation by NT, creatinga unique network of molecular signaling in the cutaneousmicroenvironment. Moreover, many skin diseases have beenassociated with an involvement of a number of neural factorsincluding NT, but less attention has been given to the role ofNT as growth factors in the development of skin pathologies.This review summarizes currently data on the expression andfunction of NT and their receptors in several cell types in theskin. Moreover it focuses on the role of the skin NT network intwo cutaneous conditions, melanoma and psoriasis where NTare clearly involved
A novel human psoriatic skin equivalent: the importance of transit amplifying keratinocytes
No full textPsoriasis is an immune-mediated disease of the skin characterized
by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, altered differentiation
and resistance to apoptosis. Histologically, psoriasis is represented
by augmented thickness of the epidermal compartment
of the skin, acanthosis and intense immune cell infiltrate. Psoriasis
is thought to be determined by both genetic and environmental
components. Psoriasis has long been considered
only an immunocyte-mediated disease, but recent data demonstrate
the important role of keratinocytes in triggering the
disease. Here we sought to develop an in vitro reconstructed skin model that would display the phenotypic and molecular
characteristics of psoriatic epidermis in a controlled manner
and in the absence of immune cells, providing a tool for the
study of keratinocyte biology and allowing the screening of
antipsoriatic drugs. Human skin equivalents were generated in
the following way: the dermal compartment was a mixture of
rat-tail collagen I and human fibroblasts either from healthy
adult skin or from patients with psoriasis. Given the importance
of transit amplifying (TA) cells in the pathogenesis of
psoriasis, we used either TA cells or stem cells isolated from
healthy human skin for the epidermal compartment. As a control,
we also analysed skin equivalents raised from the total
keratinocyte population. The combination of psoriatic fibroblasts
and normal TA cells produced the best psoriatic
phenotype, with a statistically significant increase of epidermal
thickness, areas of acanthosis and expression of psoriatic markers,
such as S100A7/psoriasin, K16 and phospho-Stat3
(Tyr705). Moreover, given the absence of p75NTR in psoriatic
epidermis and the apoptotic role of p75NTR receptor
mainly expressed by TA keratinocytes, we set up skin reconstructs
with either p75NTR-positive or p75NTR-depleted TA
cells. Skin reconstructs assembled with p75NTR-positive TA
keratinocytes were almost negative for psoriatic markers. By
contrast, skin reconstructs generated from p75NTR-depleted
TA displayed a more psoriasiform phenotype. These results
demonstrate the central role of TA cells in psoriasis together
with the importance of psoriatic fibroblasts in triggering the
psoriatic modifications
Melanoma and the nervous system-Novel pathways mediated by neurotrophins and their receptors
Full text linkLe neurotrofine sono una famiglia di proteine sintetizzate e prodotte da molte cellule cutanee, mentre i loro recettori sono espressi nel melanoma. Le neurotrofine stimolano la proliferazione e la migrazione delle cellule di melanoma
P75 neurotrophin receptor exerts pro-apoptotic functions in human keratinocytes: a role in psoriasis
No full text
Neurotrophins and their receptors stimulate fibroblast differentiation, migration and tensile strength
No full text- …
