20 research outputs found
An epidemiological study of urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life among women aged 35 years and above in a rural area
No full textBackground : There have been few community-based epidemiological studies on urinary incontinence (UI) evaluating the risk factors and impact on quality of life (QOL) in India.
Objectives : This study was designed (1) to estimate age-specific prevalence and risk factors of UI among women aged 35 years and above in a rural area and (2) to analyze the impact of UI on the QOL of incontinent women.
Design and Setting : A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted.
Materials and Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic factors, severity and type of incontinence, and obstetrical and other risk factors along with impact on QOL was administered in two clusters (villages) in Karimnagar district through multistage cluster sampling.
Results : In a sample of 552 women, 53 (10%) reported episodes of UI. The prevalence of UI showed significant association with increasing age (P < 0.01). Fifty-seven percent of the women had symptoms of stress incontinence, 23% of urge, and 20% mixed symptoms. Obstetrical factors associated with UI included high parity (P < 0.003), young age at first childbirth (P < 0.01), forceps delivery (P < 0.001), and prolonged labor (P < 0.001). Chronic constipation, chronic cough, and history of urinary tract infection were predictors of UI in regression analysis (Nagelkerke R 2 = 0.7). Women with stress incontinence had the severest perceived impact on QOL on a five-point scale questionnaire, mean 24.87 (95% CI 21.26-28.47).
Conclusion : One in 10 women reported episodes of UI with impaired QOL. The outcome is predicted both by obstetric and other risk factors
Knowledge on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV among women of reproductive age group
No full textIntroduction: Mother to child transmission
(MTCT) of HIV continues to be a significant public
health concern. MTCT has a deleterious effect on
child survival, hence its knowledge is of utmost
importance for prevention of transmission of HIV
from mother to child.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional
descriptive study was conducted during October
–December 2013 among women attending
antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic. A semistr u c t u r e d q u e sti o n n a ir e c o n sist e d o f
sociodemographic characteristics, clinical
characteristics and knowledge about MTCT was
administered to 80 women.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24.89
± 3.62 years and 30% were illiterate. The majority
(62.5%) of them were belonged to an upper lower
class. Atotal 47.5% of the respondents were aware of
their HIV status since 1-5 years. The majority
(82.5%) perceived that HIV can be transmitted from
mother to child. Many of the respondents felt that
MTCT of HIV may occur during breastfeeding 49
(74.24%), pregnancy 48 (72.72%) and labour 42
(63.63%). The majority 62 (93.93%) of the
respondents were aware that MTCT of HIV can be
prevented. Avoidance of breastfeeding was the most
frequently mentioned strategy by 40 (64.51%)
respondents, followed by maternal ARV prophylaxis
by 35 (56.45%) and caesarean section by 25
(40.32%) of the respondents.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates a relatively
good level of knowledge on MTCT of HIV, but some
knowledge gaps on certain specific aspects still
remained which needs to be addressed for effective
prevention of mother to child transmission of HI
Social Class Differentiation and Its Impact on Quality of Life Among Diabetic Patients
No full textSocial class is a significant modifier of quality of life in diabetic patients which we sought to measure in this study. A hospital based, cross sectional descriptive was conducted in diabetic patients using a semi structured questionnaire. A total of 103 diabetic patients consented and participated in the study. The sample consisted of 58 males and 45 females and most respondents had a duration of onset of diabetes between 1-5 years (47%). 68 (66%) of the respondents belonged to lower class, 27 (26%) to the middle class and 8 (8%) to the upper class. 92 (89.32%) of the respondents were using oral hypoglycemic agents and 11 (10.68%) used injectable insulin. Socioeconomic status was significant for the number of missed doses (P < 0.04). The mean scores for upper, middle and lower class on the items of financial burden were 3.99 ± 0.906, 3.37 ± 1.079, 3.00 ± 0.756, for general health were 3.49 ± 0.837, 2.96 ± 0.706, 2.63 ± 0.744 and for psychological distress were 3.56 ± 0.835, 2.70 ± 0.609 and 2.75 ± 0.707 respectively. Social class has a significant impact on quality of life and therapy compliance and measures to address this must be undertaken while providing comprehensive healthcare in diabetes for an optimal outcome
Impairment of nutritional, educational status and quality of life among children infected with and belonging to families affected by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome
No full textEvaluation Of Knowledge and Self Care Practices in Diabetic Patients and Their Role in Disease Management
No full textBackground: Poor awareness and practices among diabetic patients are some of the important variables influencing the progression of diabetes and its complications, which are largely preventable through education and involvement of the patient.
Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetics attending diabetes clinic in tertiary care hospital. Knowledge and self care practices were evaluated using a semi structured questionnaire. Statistical methods used included frequencies, proportions and chi square test.
Results: A total of 117 diabetic patients consented and participated in the study of whom 63 (53.85%) were male and 54 (46. 15%) female. Majority of the respondents (45.30%) between the age of 41-50 years,75 (64.10 %) belonged to lower class, and 60 (51.28 %) had a duration of disease between 1 to 5 years. 71 (61.68%) were aware of importance of exercise for the control of disease while 88 (75.21%) said that modification in diet is essential for the control of the disease. 75 (64%) of the respondents had achieved glycemic control. Among self care practices, following a controlled diet (p = 0.04), regular exercise (p = 0.04) and compliance with drugs (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with the achieving glycemic control.
Conclusion: As evidenced by the study, patients who were regularly involved in self care practices have achieved better glycemic control
Predictors of no-scalpel vasectomy acceptance in Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh
No full textIntroduction: Karimnagar District has consistently achieved highest rates of no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) in the past decade when compared to state and national rates. This study was conducted to elucidate the underlying causes for higher acceptance of NSV in the district.
Materials and Methods: A community-based, case control study was conducted. Sampling techniques used were purposive and simple random sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the socio-demographic, family characteristics, contraceptive history and predictors of contraceptive choice in 116 NSV acceptors and 120 other contraceptive users (OCUs). Postoperative complications and experiences were ascertained in NSV acceptors.
Results: Age (χ2 =11.79, P value = 0.008), literacy (χ2 =17.95, P value = 0.03), duration of marriage (χ2 =14.23, P value = 0.008) and number of children (χ2 =10.45, P value = 0.01) were significant for acceptance of NSV. Among the predictors, method suggested by peer/ health worker (OR = 1.5, P value = 0.01), method does not require regular intervention (OR = 1.3, P value = 0.004) and permanence of the method (OR = 1.2, P value = 0.031) were significant. Acceptors were most satisfied with the shorter duration required to return to work and the most common complication was persistent postoperative pain among 12 (10.34%) of the acceptors.
Conclusion: Advocating and implementing family planning is of high significance in view of the population growth in India and drawing from the demographic profile, predictors, pool of trainers and experiences in Karimnagar District, a similar achievement of higher rates of this simple procedure with few complications can be replicated
Utility of numerical and visual analog scales for evaluating the post-operative pain in rural patients
No full textBackground: Visual analog scales (VAS) and numeric analog scales (NAS) are used to assess post-operative pain, but few studies indicate their usefulness in rural illiterate population in India. Aims: This study was designed to 1) Compare the impact of literacy on the ability to indicate pain rating on VAS and NAS in post-operative rural patients. 2) Assess the level of agreement between the pain scales. Setting and Design: Cross sectional, hospital based study. Methods: Informed consent was obtained from patients prior to undergoing surgical procedures in a teaching hospital. Post surgery, patients who were conscious and coherent, were asked to rate pain on both VAS and NAS. The pain ratings were obtained within 24 hours of surgery and within 5 minutes of each other. Statistical Methods: Percentages, chi square test, regression analysis. Results: A total of 105 patients participated in the study. 43 (41%) of the sample was illiterate. 82 (78.1%) were able to rate pain on VAS while 81 (77.1%) were able to rate pain on NAS. There was no significant association between pain ratings and type of surgery, duration of surgery and nature of anaesthesia. In multivariate analysis, age, sex and literacy had no significant association with the ability to rate pain on VAS (P value 0.652, 0.967, 0.328 respectively). Similarly, no significant association was obtained between age, sex and literacy and ability to rate pain on NAS (P value 0.713, 0.405, 0.875 respectively). Correlation coefficient between the scales was 0.693. Conclusion: VAS and NAS can be used interchangeably in Indian rural population as post-operative pain assessment tools irrespective of literacy status
SOCIAL CLASS DIFFERENTIATION AND ITS IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS
No full textABSTRACT Social class is a significant modifier of quality of life in diabetic patients which we sought to measure in this study. A hospital based, cross sectional descriptive was conducted in diabetic patients using a semi structured questionnaire. A total of 103 diabetic patients consented and participated in the study. The sample consisted of 58 males and 45 females and most respondents had a duration of onset of diabetes between 1-5 yrs (47%). 68 (66%) of the respondents belonged to lower class, 27 (26%) to the middle class and 8 (8%) to the upper class. 92 (89.32%) of the respondents were using oral hypoglycemic agents and 11 (10.68%) used injectable insulin. Socioeconomic status was significant for the number of missed doses (P < 0.04). The mean scores for upper, middle and lower class on the items of financial burden were 3.99 ± 0.906, 3.37 ± 1.079, 3.00 ± 0.756, for general health were 3.49 ± 0.837, 2.96 ± 0.706, 2.63 ± 0.744 and for psychological distress were 3.56 ± 0.835, 2.70 ± 0.609 and 2.75 ± 0.707 respectively. Social class has a significant impact on quality of life and therapy compliance and measures to address this must be undertaken while providing comprehensive healthcare in diabetes for an optimal outcome
Behavioral Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Disease Among Rural Adults In Andhra Pradesh
No full textIntroduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death in rural parts of Andhra Pradesh. Most of the risk factors for NCDs are modifiable and can be controlled to reduce incidence and to ensure better outcomes for those having NCDs.
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of various behavioral risk factors for NCDS in rural area and to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics associated with these risk factors.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in rural area of Karimnagar among 410 participants. Various risk factors assessed were smoking and alcohol intake, physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension and stress among participants.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 56.41 ± 11.90 years. Male accounted for 55.6% of the total sample, 34.9% were illiterate and 70.7% belonged to an upper lower class. Presence of at least one risk factor was observed among 76.3% of participants. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.5% among participants, 24.6% were current smokers whereas 29.8% were current alcohol users. Stress was exhibited by 24.9% and 25.9% were physically inactive. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (p = 0.000), male gender (p = 0.001), illiteracy (p = 0.007) and lower socio-economic status (p = 0.001) were associated with the presence of at least one risk factor.
Conclusion: High prevalence of risk factors among rural population warrants an immediate attention. There is a need for careful monitoring and control of non-communicable disease risk factors in rural area
Factores que inciden en la aceptabilidad de la vasectomía
No full textVasectomy is a procedure that generates minimum complications and garners a success rate of 99%; In addition, it is an inexpensive procedure in comparison to female sterilization, consequently the role of men should be taken into account when considering family planning. In this review of the topic, the factors that currently affect the acceptability of vasectomy were identified. We searched PubMed, ProQuest, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect and Clinical Key databases for articles published between 2008-2017 in English, Spanish or Portuguese, and included articles that met the inclusion criteria and showed scientific quality during the application of checklists. A total of 39 articles were admitted into the topic review. The systematization and analysis of the information allowed the construction of three thematic categories: cultural-environment, social conditions, and education and information. In this review, it is evidenced that factors such as beliefs, socio-cultural environment, and education and information that men and their partners have about vasectomy influences the decision to undergo or avoid this procedure. The sex of the offspring was evidenced as a novel factor because the children’s gender influenced the decision. Therefore, mass education to increase the access and knowledge about vasectomy is recommended.La vasectomía es un procedimiento que genera mínimas complicaciones y ostenta una tasa de éxito del 99 %; además tiene menor costo que la esterilización femenina, por lo cual se debe tener en cuenta el rol que desempeña el hombre en el número de hijos que se proyecta tener. En esta revisión de tema se identificaron los factores que inciden en la aceptabilidad de la vasectomía. Se realizó la búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos de PubMed, ProQuest, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect y Clinical Key para el periodo 2008-2017. Se seleccionaron 39 artículos por haber cumplido los criterios de inclusión: (a) publicado entre el 2008 y el 2017, en inglés, español o portugués y b) reportar resultados afines al tema de interés con evidencia de calidad científica durante la aplicación de las listas de chequeo. La sistematización y análisis de la información permitió la construcción de tres categorías temáticas: Entorno cultural, Condiciones sociales y Educación e información. Sobre la temática se evidenció que los factores como las creencias, el entorno sociocultural y la educación e información que tienen los hombres y sus parejas sobre la vasectomía influyen en la decisión de realizarse o no este procedimiento. Un hallazgo novedoso fue que el sexo de la descendencia también incide en esta decisión. Se recomienda una educación masiva para aumentar el acceso y conocimiento de la vasectomía
