1,721,045 research outputs found
Investigating Project Front-end Practices for Aligning Potential and Enacted Value of Space Projects
No full text
Emergency management capabilities of interdependent systems: framework for analysis
Full text linkThe management of emergencies affecting interdependent critical infrastructure (CI) systems is a complex issue of increasing concern. The existence of multiple cascading effects, limited situational awareness, and the need for coordination between several actors are factors that justify the conceptualisation of CI as a complex adaptive system (CAS). Although the capability concept has been extensively adopted in emergency management (EM) literature, proper classification and modelling of CI systems is lacking. This study aims to adopt a capability-based approach for EM to improve the adaptability to the prevailing and unpredictable circumstances, based on a combination of literature review and field research. It proposes a classification and modelling framework for the analysis of the intra- and inter-organisational capabilities using a pilot application involving the Italy–Switzerland cross-border transport infrastructure. This framework is suitable for modelling the EM capabilities under different operational contexts and emergency scenarios. Moreover, it enables the representation and description of a CI system through elementary components that capture the main features of a CAS. The obtained results indicate that the proposed framework can foster public–private collaboration in the development of CI protection and resilience programmes
Do not expect others do what you should! Supply chain complexity and mitigation of the ripple effect of disruptions
Full text linkPurpose: Recent studies have argued that companies may actively implement practices to mitigate disruptions in their supply chain and reduce the extent of damage on performance. Other studies have shown that disruptions may propagate in supply chains, leading to consequences that are more negative and raising doubts on the effectiveness of mitigation strategies implemented downstream. This study investigates the influence of supply chain complexity on the two phenomena and their interplay, taking a focal company's perspective. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic procedure for data collection, encoding and aggregation based on incident data mainly from secondary sources was used. Multiple regression models were run to analyse direct and moderation effects involving resilience, distance of impact location from trigger point, and supply chain complexity on weighted performance change. Findings: Supply chain complexity is found to have positive moderation on the ripple effect of disruption. Resilience capability remains to have dominating direct positive effect in mitigating disruptions when supply chain complexity is taken into account. Research limitations/implications: This study extends the research discourse on supply chain resilience and disruption management with focus on the supply side. It demonstrates that, along with the severity of the disruption scenario, the ripple effect must also be considered when analyzing the benefits of resilience practices implemented by the focal company. Practical implications: Complexity in the supply chain can only help to smooth-out the rippling effects of a disruption, which go largely beyond supply-demand unbalances and lead time fluctuations. To mitigate it better, the focal company has to act proactively with adequate resilience practices, which also connects to the importance of better visibility across multiple supply chain tiers. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that empirically tests the benefits of resilience practices and the ripple effect of disruptions under the moderation role of supply chain complexity
Assessing the influence of personal and organizational factors on surgeon’s performance: A study on surgeons’ perceptions
Full text linkThe Role of Workers’ Representative and OHS Performance: An Interpretative Framework
No full textIn the context of OH&S, the positive role of workers’ representation, involvement and consultation for better OH&S management arrangements is largely discussed in literature; however, the focus is typically on personal traits. The objective of this paper is to expand the scope of previous studies by exploring the relationship between OH&S organizational maturity and the role of workers’ representatives, and consequently the effect on OH&S performance. To this end, a structured questionnaire was administered to a large-scale sample of Italian representatives. Results suggest four types of participative models of organization/representative at different levels of maturity and show clear correlation with OH&S performance
Creating and claiming social value by joining the governance of science-driven capital projects: an investigation in the New Space Economy
Full text linkIn a world facing grand challenges, companies urge to create and claim social value. This paper explains how organisations can achieve this by joining the governance of science-driven capital projects. The research addresses two significant gaps: the limited academic understanding of how science-driven capital projects create social value and the empirical lack of guidelines for companies to harness these projects. The empirical setting is the space sector, specifically the International Space Station (ISS) project. We adopted a two-stage research design. First, based on public documents and reports, we investigated the governance and social value of projects developed on the ISS, finding that social value is created through "In-Space" and "On-Earth” projects. Second, we performed a thematic analysis of 18 semi-structured interviews with senior managers, obtaining a roadmap to create and claim social value by joining the governance of the ISS. The paper contributes to the theory by explaining how science-driven capital projects create social value and their key governance elements. We show that space is becoming accessible to many non-space companies. We contribute to practice by clarifying the main governance elements of science-driven capital projects and providing a roadmap to create and claim social value by joining their governance
Sustaining performance under operational turbulence: The role of Lean in engineer-to-order operations
Full text linkModularity in the Life Cycle of Satellite Systems: A Review of Barriers, Drivers, and Impacts
No full textModularity is a design concept fostering flexibility, changeability, and cost-effectiveness in complex product systems (e.g., airliners, oil & gas plants, nuclear power plants). Yet, in the context of satellite systems, modularity is far less leveraged, though the literature emphasizes several potential advantages. In the New Space Economy, exploring modularity may unfold new opportunities for reducing time-to-market, making the design and development processes more efficient, and delivering higher value to clients. Embracing modularity would however require a paradigm shift for the satellite industry, particularly regarding its design and production practices. Therefore, it is essential to understand the fundamental challenges, preconditions, and motivations in adopting modular approaches at different levels (i.e., product/production/organization), as well as the associated benefits throughout the satellite lifecycle. By shedding light on the barriers, drivers, and impacts, this paper aims to unveil the added value of modularity and its potential to enhance satellite systems' performance, reliability, and sustainability. To this end, our epistemological approach is based on the review of scientific literature, interviews with space experts, and analysis of secondary data. Empirically, we focus on the European space ecosystem, because of its distinct peculiarities (e.g., regulatory landscape, limited local launch capabilities) and access to a rich set of primary and secondary data. Through rigorous thematic analysis, we identify barriers to implementing modularity at different levels that a satellite manufacturer may face, including economic, technical, and organizational ones. We discuss the external (e.g., regulatory pressure) and internal (e.g., new value proposition) drivers that may stimulate a manufacturer to incorporate modularization and standardization processes. Finally, we analyze the potential impacts of augmenting the degree of modularity at different levels, such as accelerated and streamlined satellite lifecycle processes, and enhanced design adaptability to new technologies. This knowledge and insights have been sense-made in a series of practical recommendations for stakeholders of the satellite industry. This paper sets a foundation for further investigation of the benefits and challenges of exploring the modularity concept in the context of the satellite industry
- …
